Welcome To The Lecturer on

“Open Source”

14-Dec-2009

NATIONAL INFORMATICS CENTRECHENNAI

What is Open Source?

"Open source" makes the source code of software freely available, so that anyone can download, use, modify, andredistribute their software.

“Huge Community Support”

Introduction

Open Source Criteria

1. Free Redistribution2. Source Code3. Derived Works4. Integrity of The Author's Source Code5. No Discrimination Against Persons or Groups6. No Discrimination Against Fields of Endeavor7. Distribution of License8. License Must Not Be Specific to a Product9. License Must Not Restrict Other Software10. License Must Be Technology-Neutral

Freeware vs Shareware

FreewareNo community and no development infrastructure.

Forbids the user to alter the program, repackage it, or sell it. It might allow redistribution.

Freeware can be downloaded for free.

SharewareShareware is the distribution of software to another person for evaluation for a limited number of days.

After trying it out, we have to pay the fee to gain full use of the software.

Open Source Licenses

Copyright & License

Copyright - safeguards the ownership of an intellectual property. License - a document lets someone to use your intellectual property.

Open Source Licenses

GNU General Public License (GPL)Requires derivate works to also fall under the GPL.

Berkeley Software Distribution (BSD)Does not require derivate works to also fall under the BSD license

Linux Vs Windows

Particular Linux WindowsSoftware Cost Free /Low  Costly

Easy Easy Easier

Reliability Required further improvement

Sofware Tools Less Numbers but freely More but Cost

Few Many

Security Very few attacks

Open Source Yes No

Support Less Compare to windows Better Support

More Reliable than Windows

Hardware driver and user Interfaces

More vulnerable to viruses/attacks

Linux Origin

Linux is a “free” Unix-type operating system originally created by “Linus Torvalds” with the assistance of developers around the world.

August 25 1991 “Linus” conceives the idea of Linux and announces the project.

Introduction to Linux

Linux, also known as GNU/Linux, is a free, UNIX-like operating system, developed originally for home PCs, but which now runs on every hardware platform.

Linux is an implementation of UNIX.

Linux – Multiuser, Multitasking, Multiprocessing, Multithreading Operating Systems.

Why Linux?

Linux, is a free, UNIX-like operating system.

Works on any kind of Hardwares ( PC/Workstations/Embedded Systems/Mainframe ) .

Comes with complete development environment includes compilers, toolkits, scripting Languages.

Linux boxes are known for running months or even years at a time without crashing, freezing, or having to be rebooted - “stability”.

Linux provides rich Graphical User Interface (GUI) Support.

Strong Security Nature – iptables, file permissions, ownership's, ...

Linux Distributions

Ubuntu

Mandriva

Redhat

SuSE

CentOS

...

Linux Applications

Server Database Server – Using POSTGRESQLWeb Server ­Using ApacheMail Server (cyrus) / Proxy Server  (squid) / Firewall.

Desktop  Office Software – OpenOffice, koffice Graphics ­ Gimp / CAD Programmes (QCAD) Internet Browser – Mozilla, Konqueror Emulation / Virtual Terminal – SSH Development – C,C++, Perl , Python, and Compilers(gcc). Editor – Emacs, Vi / Vim

OPEN OFFICE

OpenOffice.org, commonly known as OpenOffice, is open source software application suite.

An office application suite used mainly for documenting purposes like,

Office documents (Writer),Excel sheets (calc),Drawings (Draw),Powerpoint Presentations (Impress),...

OPENOFFICE...

Writer

A word processor similar to Microsoft Word and WordPerfect.

It can export Portable Document Format (PDF) files with no additional soft-ware, and can function as a basic WYSIWYG editor for creating and editing web pages.

OPENOFFICE...

Calc

A spreadsheet similar to Microsoft Excel and Lotus 1-2-3.

Calc provides a number of features not present in Excel, including a system which automatically defines series for graphing, based on the layout of the user’s data.

Calc can also export spreadsheets to the PDF format. (See ooWriter entry, above, for details of PDF).

OPENOFFICE...

Draw

A vector graphics editor and diagramming tool, similar to Microsoft Visio and comparable in features to early versions of CorelDRAW.

It features versatile "connectors" between shapes, which are available in a range of line styles and facilitate building drawings such as flowcharts.

Draw can also export its creations to the PDF format.

OPENOFFICE...

Impress

A presentation program similar to Microsoft PowerPoint.

It can export presentations to Adobe Flash (SWF) files, allowing them to be played on any computer with a Flash player installed.

It also includes the ability to create PDF files, and the ability to read Microsoft PowerPoint's .ppt format.

INTERNET BROWSERS

Firefox FireFox is a web browser created by Mozilla.Open source web browser.

OperaOpera is a Web browser and Internet suite developed by the OperaSoftware company.

wget wget is non-interactive, meaning that it can work in the backgrounda command line browser

GRAPHICS

GIMPGIMP - GNU Image Manipulation Program It is a freely distributed program for such tasks as

photo retouching, image composition and image authoring

Supports Major File Formats like (png, jpg, jpeg,gif …)*(similar to Photoshop)

Scribus Scribus is a desktop publishing (DTP) application (Scribus is an Open Source program).

MISC. TOOLS

K3B – Rich GUI supportCreating data cd'sCreating audio cd'sDVD burning...

Brasero Disc Burning ToolBrasero is yet another application to burn discs (gnome desktop)

VlcVLC media player is an open source, free software media playerand multimedia framework.

Reading most audio and video formats (MPEG-2, MPEG-4, DivX,MPEG-1, mp3, ogg, aac ...)

MISC. TOOLS...

What is Terminal? which only displays text on the screen without pictures.

It just an powerful interface.

free and open source add-on package for Linux thatallows many people to simultaneously use the samecomputer.

MISC. TOOLS...

WINE

Wine is a free software application that aims to allow Unix-like computer operating systems to execute programs written for Microsoft Windows.

Wine is heavily reliant on its user community.

Wine makes it possible to take advantage of all the Unix strong points (stability, flexibility, remote administration) while still using the Windows applications you depend on.

LINUX FILE STRUCTURE

LINUX FILE STRUCTURE...

root - The home directory for the root user

home - Contains the user's home directories

bin - Commands needed during bootup that might be needed by normal users

sbin - Like bin but commands are not intended for normal users.

proc - This filesystem is not on a disk. It is a virtual filesystem that exists in the kernels imagination which is memory.

LINUX FILE STRUCTURE...

usr - Contains all commands, libraries, man pages, games and static files for normal Operation.

lib - Unchanging data files/shared files for programs andsubsystems.

local - The place for locally installed software and other files.

mnt - Mount points for temporary mounts by the systemadministrator.

LINUX FILE STRUCTURE...

boot - Files used by the bootstrap loader, LILO. Kernel images areoften kept here.

var - This directory contains files of variable file storage.Files in /var are dynamic and are constantly being written toor changed..

etc - Configuration files specific to the machine.

dev - Contains device files required for interfacing with hardware.Devices in UNIX are either block or character devices.

Useful Linux Commands

Help Commandscommand-name - - help Lists information about the command.info command-nameman command-name

Example:ls - - helpinfo lsman ls

Useful Linux Commands...Directory and file location commands

cp source destination - Copies a file from source to destination.

Examplecp /usr/test.txt /opt/

mv source destination- Moves a file from source to destination also renames file source to destination.

Examplemv /usr/test.txt /opt/rename.txt

rm filename - Deletes (removes) a file

Examplerm test.txt

Useful Linux Commands...Directory and file location commands...

ls - Lists the contents of a directory

Example - ls /opt

mkdir filename - Creates (makes) a directory

Example - mkdir test-dir

rmdir filename - Deletes (removes) a directory

Example - rmdir test-dir

Useful Linux Commands...system administration commands

useradd - Add a new userExample : useradd user-name-to-add

userdel - Deletes a userExample : userdel user-name-to-delete

groupadd - Add a new groupExample : groupadd group-name-to-add

groupdel - Deletes a groupExample : groupdel group-name-to-delete

passwd - Changes the passwordExample : passwd username

Useful Linux Commands...system administration commands...

fdisk - Partition management utilityExample : fdisk -ls

df - Lists all mounted file systems and usageExample : df Example : df partition/name - (for partition name see fdisk)

mount - mountSystem Mount a disk to the mount SystemExample : mount

top - Views processor usageExample : top

Useful Linux Commands...

cd – Change DirectoryChange the current working directory.

Ex : 1. cd personal – change the directory into personal.

2. cd .. - Back one directory on the majority of all Unix shells. It is important that the space be between the cd and the ..

LINUX FILE STRUCTURE

In the Linux operating system, all file systems are contained within one directory hierarchy.

The root directory is the top level directory, and all its subdirectories make up the directory hierarchy.

All directories are grouped under the root entry "/".

Q/A SESSION

???

Thank you...