linking words contrast
TRANSCRIPT
LINKING WORDS
Expressing contrast
LINKING WORDS - CONTRAST
NOUNS CLAUSES IDEAS
but
Two contrasting ideas:
(1) Jack works very hard (2) Jack doesn’t have a lot of money.
Jack works very hard, but he doesn’t have a lot of money.
LINKING WORDS - CONTRAST
NOUNS CLAUSES IDEAS
but
yet
- Works nearly the same as but
Jack works very hard, yet he doesn’t have a lot of money.
Jack works very hard, and yet he doesn’t have a lot of money.
LINKING WORDS - CONTRAST
NOUNS CLAUSES IDEAS
but
yet
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although
though
even though
- Used with the “cause clause”
- Though is more colloquial
- Even though is more emphatic
- We can reverse the order of the clauses.
Although Jack works very hard, he doesn’t have a lot of money.
reversed: (Jack doesn’t have a lot of money although he works very hard).
Though Jack works very hard, he doesn’t have a lot of money.
Even though Jack works very hard, he doesn’t have a lot of money.
LINKING WORDS - CONTRAST
NOUNS CLAUSES IDEAS
but
yet
--------------
although
though
even though
--------------
whereas
while
- To say something is true of one thing but it is not true of another:
Whereas Jack works very hard, he doesn’t have a lot of money.
While Jack works very hard, he doesn’t have a lot of money.
LINKING WORDS - CONTRAST
NOUNS CLAUSES IDEAS
in spite of
despite
but
yet
--------------
although
though
even though
--------------
whereas
while
- We use these linking words with NOUNS.
- A verb can be made into a noun: -ING
Despite his hard work, Jack doesn’t have a lot of money.
Despite working hard, Jack doesn’t have a lot of money.
In spite of his hard work, Jack doesn’t have a lot of money.
In spite of working hard, Jack doesn’t have a lot of money.
LINKING WORDS - CONTRAST
NOUNS CLAUSES IDEAS
in spite of
despite
but
yet
--------------
although
though
even though
--------------
whereas
while
- We can use the fact that to link clauses.
Despite the fact that Jack works hard, he doesn’t have a lot of money.
In spite of the fact that Jack works hard, he doesn’t have a lot of money.
LINKING WORDS - CONTRAST
NOUNS CLAUSES IDEAS
in spite of
despite
but
yet
--------------
although
though
even though
--------------
whereas
while
However,
Nevertheless,
- Nevertheless is more formal.
Jack works hard. However, he doesn’t have a lot of money.
Jack works hard. Nevertheless, he doesn’t have a lot of money.