linking etymological database : a case study in germanic
DESCRIPTION
LDL – 2014, LREC Reykjavik , Iceland 27th May 2014. Linking Etymological Database : A case study in Germanic. Christian Chiarcos , Maria Sukhareva Goethe University Frankfurt am Main. Overview. Background Linked Etymological Dictionaries - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Linking Etymological Database:A case study in Germanic
Christian Chiarcos, Maria SukharevaGoethe University Frankfurt am Main
LDL – 2014, LRECReykjavik, Iceland
27th May 2014
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Overview1. Background2. Linked Etymological Dictionaries3. Enriching of Linked Etymological Dictionaries4. Application5. Conclusion
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Background
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ACoLi Lab
TITUS
DDD Referenzkorpus Althochdeutsch
Background
1. Empirical Linguistics Thesaurus of Indo-European Text and Language Materials (TITUS)
2. ACoLi Lab (Applied Computational Linguistics)
3. LOEWE Cluster “Digital Humanities”
4. DFG-funded Old German Reference Corpus (DDD)
Processing of Old Germanic Languages at Goethe University Frankfurt, in collaboration between:
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Linked Etymological Data
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Linked Etymological Data
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Linked Etymological Data
• Linkability: representation of relations within and beyond lexicons
• Interoperability: (meta)data representation through community-maintained vocabularies (lexvo, Glottolog, OLiA, lemon)
• Inference: filling the logical gaps of the original XML representation– Symmetric closure of cross-references
Conversion of etymological dictionaries to RDF
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Linked Etymological Data
lemonet:translates a relation betweenlemon:LexicalEntrys
lemonet:etym links between languages, transitive and symmetric.Subproperty oflemon:lexicalVariant
all language identifiers were mapped from the original abbreviations and assigned ISO 639-3 codes wherever possible.
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Linked Etymological DataOriginal XML (lemma)
RDF Triples
Symmetric closure of etymological relations generated by SPARQL pattern
Links to external resources
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Enriching Etymological Dictionaries
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Enriching Etymological Dictionaries
(parentheses indicate marginal fragments with less than 50,000 tokens)
Germanic parallel Bible corpus
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Enriching Etymological Dictionaries
1. Statistical word alignment of parallel texts (GIZA++)2. Lexical translation tables as basis for the extracted word lists:
• Unidirectional: maximum of P(wt|ws)• Bidirectional: maximum of P(wt|ws) P(ws |wt)
3. Pruning by frequency
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Application
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ApplicationThematical Alignment of Bible paraphrases
– E.g., cross references within the Bible and between the Bible and gospel harmonies
• an interlinked index of thematically similar sections in the gospels and OS/OHG gospel harmonies– OS Heliand and OHG Tatian section level alignment (Sievers, 1872) has been
digitized– 4560 inter-text groups based on the Eusebian canon
• Basis for a more fine-grained level of alignment
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Application
Character-based similarity measures:
– GEOMETRY: δ = difference between the relative positions of wOS and wOHG
– IDENTITY: δ(wOS;wOHG) = 1 iff wOHG = wOS (0 otherwise);
– ORTHOGRAPHY: relative Levenshtein distance & statistical character replacement probability
(Neubig et al., 2012)
– NORMALIZATION: norm(wOS;wOHG) = δ(w’OS;wOHG) , with w’OS being the OHG ‘normalization’
(Bollmann et al., 2011)
– COOCCURRENCES: δ(wOS;wOHG) = P(wOS|wOHG)P(wOHG|wOS)
similarity metrics δ(wOS;wOHG) for every OS word wOS and its potential OHG cognate wOHG
Lexicon-based similarity measures:δlex(wOS;wOHG) = 1 iff wOHG 2 W (0otherwise) where W is a set of possible OHG translationsfor wOS suggested by a lexicon, i.e., either:
- ETYM: etymological link in (the symmetric closure of the etymological dictionaries,
- ETYM-INDIRECT: shared German gloss in the etymological dictionaries,
- TRANSLATIONAL DIRECT: link in the translational dictionaries,
- TRANSLATIONAL INDIRECT: indirectly linked in the translational dictionaries through a third language.
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Application
Character-based similarity measures:
– GEOMETRY: δ = difference between the relative positions of wOS and wOHG
– IDENTITY: δ(wOS;wOHG) = 1 iff wOHG = wOS (0 otherwise);
– ORTHOGRAPHY: relative Levenshtein distance & statistical character replacement probability
(Neubig et al., 2012)
– NORMALIZATION: norm(wOS;wOHG) = δ(w’OS;wOHG) , with w’OS being the OHG ‘normalization’
(Bollmann et al., 2011)
– COOCCURRENCES: δ(wOS;wOHG) = P(wOS|wOHG)P(wOHG|wOS)
similarity metrics δ(wOS;wOHG) for every OS word wOS and its potential OHG cognate wOHG
Lexicon-based similarity measures:δlex(wOS;wOHG) = 1 iff wOHG 2 W (0otherwise) where W is a set of possible OHG translationsfor wOS suggested by a lexicon, i.e., either:
- ETYM: etymological link in (the symmetric closure of the etymological dictionaries,
- ETYM-INDIRECT: shared German gloss in the etymological dictionaries,
- TRANSLATIONAL DIRECT: link in the translational dictionaries,
- TRANSLATIONAL INDIRECT: indirectly linked in the translational dictionaries through a third language.
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Conclusion & Discussion
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Conclusion
1. Application of Linked Data Paradigm to modeling of etymological dictionaries
2. Adopting of Lemon core model3. Representation of Köbler’s dictionary in a machine-readable
format4. Enriching etymological dictionaries by automatically obtained
translation pairs5. Initial experiment on usage of dictionaries for quasi-parallel
alignment
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lemon & etymology: A square peg for a round hole ?lemon gained a lot of popularity as a shared vocabulary for lexical resources in the LLOD.
L!L!
L! L!L! L!L!L!
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lemon & etymology: A square peg for a round hole ?lemon gained a lot of popularity as a shared vocabulary for lexical resources in the LLOD.
… but many of these resources arecreated by (or for) linguists rather than ontologists.
The original motivation for lemon wasto lexicalize ontologies. Quite a different problem from the inter-operability issues that linguists aretrying to solve by using it.
L!L!
L! L!L! L!L!L!
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lemon & etymology: A square peg for a round hole ?lemon gained a lot of popularity as a shared vocabulary for lexical resources in the LLOD.
But obviously, our usage of lemon is slightly abusive.1. Etymological and translational links between WordForms ?2. No external ontology to ground senses ?3. No word senses at all ?
But that is symptomatic for linguistic resources in a strict sense4. Similar problems observed by Cysouw & Moran on multilingual dictionaries for South American indigeneous languages.
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lemon & etymology: A square peg for a round hole ?lemon gained a lot of popularity as a shared vocabulary for lexical resources in the LLOD.
But obviously, our usage of lemon is slightly abusive.1. Etymological and translational links between word forms ?2. No external ontology to ground senses ?3. No word senses at all ?
But that is symptomatic for linguistic resources in a strict sense
What can we do about this state of affairs ? • Would there have been alternative ways to model our data ? • Shall we extend/abandon/replace/adjust lemon?
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Takk fyrir!