linked open data as element of public administration information management
DESCRIPTION
Presentation for IRIS Conference, 2011 Salzburg, AustriaTRANSCRIPT
Political Mindset
Transparency Participation Collaboration
““My Administration is committed to creating anMy Administration is committed to creating anUnprecedented level of openness in Government.“Unprecedented level of openness in Government.“
Barack Obama, “Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies - Barack Obama, “Memorandum for the Heads of Executive Departments and Agencies - Transparency and Open Government,” Jan. 2009.Transparency and Open Government,” Jan. 2009.
Open Data Catalogues
data.gov datasf.org data.edmonton.ca/ data.gov.uk data.london.gov.uk digitaliser.dk geodata.gov.gr data.suomi.fi
data.worldbank.org/data-catalog
www.undata-api.org/wiki/datasets
gov.opendata.at data.reegle.info OpenBelgium.be opengovdata.ru
State / Federal Private
Why Open Data? More information might lead to more informed
and better decisions Higher degree of effectiveness & efficiency
● P. Weiss, "Borders in Cyberspace: Conflicting Public Sector Information Policies and their Economic Impacts," ed: U.S. Department of Commerce, 2004.
Strengthen trust in establishment● R. Marcella and G. Baxter, "Information need, information seeking behaviour and participation, with special reference to
needs related to citizenship: results of a national survey," Journal of Documentation, vol. 56, pp. 136-160, 2002.
Leverage benefits of peer production New business models “Peoples right to know”
Initiierung
Formulierung
Implementierung
Evaluation
Open Data
E--Participation
Konsultationauf Foren, Wikis
Koproduktion
Chance, Erfolg oder Misserfolg
der Politik zu Erkennen,
zu Bewerten
und Vorschläge einzubringen
Open Data im Policy Cycle
M. Sengens, M.G. Löhe, P. Müller, J.H. Weitzmann, and H. Lesch, Offene Staatskunst - Bessere Politik durch »Open Government«?Berlin: Internet & Gesellschaft Co:llaboratory, 2010.
Open Government DataDefinitions & Principles
Open Government Data
Open Government Data are data sets released by the government on public interest. Usage is unconstrained with the right to re-share and re-purpose
without further notice.
Open Data Principles Complete Primary Timely Easily Accessible Machine Processable Non-Discriminating Using Open Standards Liberal Licencing Reliable Free of Charge OR Non-Discriminating fees
von Lucke and C.P. Geiger, “Open Government Data - Frei verfügbare Daten des öffentlichen Sektors,” Dec. 2010.
Open Government Data
Element of Public Administration Information Management
Information Management (EN)
Collection and management of information
Organization of and control over the structure, processing and delivery of information
Informationsmanagement (DE) Beschaffung und Bereitstellung von Information Planung, Beschaffung und Bereitstellung der
dafür erforderlichen Informations- und IT-Infrastruktur und notwendiger, personeller Ressourcen● Informationsmanagement wird in der
deutschsprachigen Literatur überwiegend als Informationsgenerierung und Informationsbeschaffung behandelt
Open Government Data
Architecture Model
Architecture Model
Five level saturation model by Tim Berners-Lee
★ Available on the web (whatever format), but with an open licence★★ Available as machine-readable structured data (e.g. excel instead
of image scan of a table)★★★ as (2) plus non-proprietary format (e.g. CSV instead of excel)★★★★ All the above plus, Use open standards from W3C (RDF and SPARQL)
to identify things, so that people can point at your stuff★★★★★ All the above, plus: Link your data to other people’s data
to provide context
URIs for everything
Naming scheme respects federal principle of subsidiarity and autonomy
http://{sector}.{federallevel}.data.gv.at/{concept}/IDENTIFIKATION {.rdf|html}● http://bildung.krems.noe.data.gv.at/schule/
4711
Ontologies for Non-Information Resources (NIR)
Enable computer systems to reason about reality
Automated service discovery Optimal resource allocation for
processes Ontologies about NIRs classify Open
Linked Data about Information Resources (IR)
Open Data API Reduce server resources by optimal query strategy Querying data originator rather than local storage
prevents data inconsistencies Extern-facing API by means of RESTful serives
● Integrates seamlessly with web browsers● Well understood and supported standard technology● JSON serialization less verbose and more web friendly than
XML● “Simple” compared to wsdl:SOAP
Eliminates asymmetry of Open Data by enabling information in-flow
Open Government Data Register Topic of research
C. Koumenides, M. Salvadores, H. Alani, and N. Shadbol, “Global integration of public sector information,” Raleigh, NC, USA: 2010.
[0] Identify an Open Data Set
[0] Identify an Open Data Set[1] Browse Url / Uri (eg. http://bildung.krems.noe.data.gv.at/schule/4711)
[0] Identify an Open Data Set[1] Browse Url / Uri (eg. http://bildung.krems.noe.data.gv.at/schule/4711)
[2] Transfer minimal Web Page with Javascript RDF-Browser
[0] Identify an Open Data Set[1] Browse Url / Uri (eg. http://bildung.krems.noe.data.gv.at/schule/4711)
[2] Transfer minimal Web Page with Javascript RDF-Browser
[3] Retrieve Data using OGD API
Architecture (4)
[4] Query RDF-Database
[4'] Use HTTP-Proxy to Query Databases outside Internet Domain
Big picture
Next steps Identify already released data or uncritical data sets;
grab for the low hanging fruits Release as XML, CSV Create an online-catalogue of Open Data Go semantic: Enrich with meta data, create URI
infrastructure, identify open source components Extend government enterprise architecture with
Linked Data elements
Links and further readingPapers & Literature:C. Koumenides, M. Salvadores, H. Alani, and N. Shadbol, “Global integration of public sector information,” Raleigh, NC, USA: 2010.F. Ortiz-Rodríguez, J.C. Pelaez, and F.J. Pascual, “Semantic model approach for eGovernment to improve sharing, retrieving and exchanging documentation across back-office,” Proceedings of the 10th Annual International Conference on Digital Government Research: Social Networks: Making Connections between Citizens, Data and Government, Digital Government Society of North America, 2009, pp. 319–320.S.K. Goudos, V. Peristeras, and K. Tarabanis, “Reengineering Public Administration through Semantic Technologies and a Reference Domain Ontology,” Semantic Web for eGovernment 2006, p. 25.C. Koumenides, M. Salvadores, H. Alani, and N. Shadbol, “Global integration of public sector information,” Raleigh, NC, USA: 2010.P. Salhofer, “Ontology Driven E-Government,” eGovernment Review, Jan. 2009, pp. 22-23.J. Sheridan and J. Tennison, “Linking UK government data,” Proc. of the WWW Workshop on Linked Data on the Web, 2010.D. Wood, Linking Enterprise Data, Springer, 2010.F. Servant, “Linking Enterprise Data,” CEUR Workshop Proceedings, Bejing: 2008.F. Maali, R. Cyganiak, and V. Peristeras, “Enabling Interoperability of Government Data Catalogues,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Lausanne, Switzerland: Springer, 2010, pp. 339-350.P.N. Weiss, “Borders in Cyberspace: Conflicting Public Sector Information Policies and their Economic Impacts,” Public sector information in the digital age: between markets, public management and citizens' rights, 2004, p. 137.E. Hornes, A. Jansen, and Ø. Langeland, “How to Develop an Open and Flexible Information Infrastructure for the Public Sector,” Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Lausanne, Switzerland: Springer, 2010, pp. 301-314.. von Lucke and C.P. Geiger, “Open Government Data - Frei verfügbare Daten des öffentlichen Sektors,” Dec. 2010.
Web Links:Empowering the empowered: http://gurstein.wordpress.com/2010/09/02/open-data-empowering-the-empowered-or-effective-data-use-for-everyone/Cool URIs for the semantic web: http://www.w3.org/TR/cooluris/Re-use HTTP-Header Response Codes for the Semantic Web: http://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/httpRange-14/2007-05-31/HttpRange-14 Licenses: http://www.opendatacommons.org/CKAN Semantic Web Software: http://ckan.org/Tabulator Library to render RDF as (X)HTML: http://semanticweb.org/wiki/TabulatorAPIs: http://open311.org/, http://www.odata.org/ http://services.sunlightlabs.com/docs/Sunlight_Congress_API/ SKOS recommendation to create thesauri: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/ Tools and Software recommended by the W3C to deal with RDF and the Semantic Web: http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/wiki/Tools