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Supplemental Information for Giesy et al. Environ. Sci. Europe 2014

SI for Giesy et al 2014 Environ Sci Europe of 42

pH1 10

Hal

f-life

(d)

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

Omitted from regression

Figure S1. Relationship between half-life of chlorpyrifos in distilled water and pH

Table S1A: Evaluation matrix for strength and relevance of BSAF studies based on OECD Method 315 [1].Bioaccumulation in Sediment-Dwelling Organisms - Strength Yes

3 ptsAttempted

1 ptNo

0 ptsOECD Guideline

a) 28 d uptake phase plus max 10 d depuration phase (unless otherwise justified)

b) 96 h toxicity tests conducted between definitive tests on culture to ensure health

c) Similarly sized animals from the same stage used for testing

d) Maximum storage time of 8 weeks for sediments prior to testing

e) At least 3 replicates per treatment per sampling event

f) Sampling of water quality regularly throughout the assay

g) Sampling of sediment and animals at least 6 times during uptake and elimination phases

h) Cumulative mortality not to exceed 20% (treatments + controls)

i) Exposures confirmed by measurement

j) Metabolites measured in matrix and test organism

Total Strength Score

Consensus Strength Score

Bioaccumulation in Sediment-Dwelling Organisms - Relevance Yes 3 pts

Attempted1 pt

No 0 pts

a) Description of variance provided

b) BAF calculated kinetically from depuration rate constant

c) Realistic exposure concentrations used (< 200 μg/L)

Total Relevance Score

Table S1B: Evaluation matrix for strength and relevance of BCF studies based on OECD Method 305 [2].


Aqueous Exposure Bioconcentration Test - Strength Yes 3 pts

Attempted1 pt

No 0 pts

OECD Guidelinea) 28 d uptake phase plus depuration phase (~ half length of uptake, 95% reduction, unless otherwise justified)b) Mortality of fish less than 5% over a 7 d acclimation period prior to testingc) Appropriate test conditions: less than 2°C change in temperature over entire study period; DO not less than 60% saturation; pH between 6 and 8.5 to begin and not to vary by more than 0.5 pH units; 12-16 h light periodd) Use of allowable solvents (if applicable): ethanol, methanol, dimethyl formamide, or triethylene glycol; not to exceed 100 mg/Le) At least 4 fish per treatment per sampling eventf) All fish from same year class and similar weight at test initiation; loading rate between 0.1 and 1.0 g weight wt/L/dayg) Sampling of water quality regularly throughout the assay

h) Sampling of animals at least 5 times during uptake phase and 4 times during elimination phasei) Cumulative mortality not to exceed 10% (treatments + controls) (or 30% overall if test duration extended)j) Exposures confirmed by measurement

k) Metabolites measured in matrix and test organism



Aqueous Exposure Bioconcentration Test - Relevance Yes 3 pts

Attempted1 pt

No 0 pts


b) Realistic exposure concentrations used (< 200 μg/L)



Table S1C: Evaluation matrix for BMF studies based on OECD Method 305 [2].Dietary Exposure Bioaccumulation Test - Strength Yes

3 ptsAttempted

1 ptNo

0 ptsOECD Guideline

a) 7-14 d feeding (uptake) phase plus up to 28 d depuration phase

b) Mortality of fish less than 5% over a 7 d acclimation period prior to testingc) Appropriate test conditions: less than 2°C change in temperature over entire study period; DO not less than 60% saturation; pH between 6 and 8.5 to begin and not to vary by more than 0.5 pH units; 12-16 h light periodd) Use of commercial fish food with homogeneity of test substance in spiked food (within 15%)e) Food samples analyzed at least in triplicate at the beginning and end of uptake for lipid content and test substance; undetectable or trace levels of test substance in controlsf) 5-10 fish per treatment per sampling event; measured for weight and length at each time pointg) All fish from same year class and similar weight at test initiation; loading rate between 0.1 and 1.0 g weight wt/L/day

h) Sampling of water quality regularly throughout the assay

i) Sampling of animals at least at the end of the uptake phase and 4-6 times during elimination phasej) Cumulative mortality not to exceed 10% (treatments + controls) (or 30% overall if test duration extended)k) Metabolites measured in matrix and test organism



Dietary Exposure Bioaccumulation Test - Relevance Yes 3 pts

Attempted1 pt

No 0 pts


b) Diet spiked between 1-1000 µg/g with tissue residues not exceeding 5 µmol/g



Table S1D: Evaluation matrix for strength and relevance of sediment persistence studies based on OECD Method 308 [3].Persistence in Sediment - Strength Yes

3 ptsAttempted

1 ptNo

0 ptsOECD Guidelinea) Use of labeled material

b) 90-110% recovery for labeled material, 70-110% recovery for un-labeledc) Information on water (origin/source, temperature, pH, TOC, DO) and sediment (origin/source, depth of layer, pH, particle size distribution, TOC, microbial biomass, redox potential) providedd) Tested in the dark at constant temperature between 10 and 30°C (typically 20 ± 2°C)

e) Two or more test vessels sampled at each sampling timef) Duration not exceeding 100 d but continuing until degradation and distribution patterns are established or 90% of test substance has been removed by transformation/volatilizationg) At least 50 g of sediment (dry wt) per test vesselh) LOD of at least 0.01 mg/kg in water or sediment or 1% of initial amount applied (whichever is lower)i) Soil in controls tested for microbiological activity and beginning and end of study.



Persistence in Sediment – Relevance Yes 3 pts

Attempted1 pt

No 0 pts

a) Realistic rate of application (<8 mg/kg)



Table S1E: Evaluation matrix for strength and relevance of soil persistence studies based on OECD Method 307 [4].Persistence in Soil - Strength Yes

3 ptsAttempted

1 ptNo

0 ptsOECD Guidelinea) Labeled or non-labeled soil for rate of transformation studies; labeled required for pathway studies (at least 95% pure test substances)

b) 90-110% recovery for labeled soil, 70-110% for non-labeled

c) Tested in dark at constant temperature of 20 ± 2°C (for temperate climates) or 10 ± 2°C (for colder climates)

d) Rate and pathway tests not exceeding 120 d; longer incubation periods (up to 6 or 12 months) can be used but require justification

e) Duplicate sampling at each time pointf) Information provided re: test soils – details of collection site, procedure of sampling, properties (pH, OC, microbial biomass, exchange capacity, bulk density, water retention, texture), length and conditions of storageg) LOD of at least 0.01 mg/kg in water or sediment or 1% of initial amount applied (whichever is lower)h) Use of sandy loam/silty loam/loam/loamy sand with pH 5.5-8.0, OC between 0.5 and 2.5%, and microbial biomass of >1% TOCTotal Strength Score


Persistence in Soil - Relevance Yes 3 pts

Attempted1 pt

No 0 pts

a) Realistic rate of application (<8 mg/kg)



Table S1F: Evaluation matrix for strength and relevance of aquatic persistence studies based on OECD Method 308 [3] and Method 309 [5].Persistence in Water - Strength Yes

3 ptsAttempted

1 ptNo

0 ptsOECD Guidelinea) Labeled or non-labeled soil for rate of transformation studies; labeled required for pathway studies (at least 95% pure test substances)b) 90-110% recovery for labeled material, 70-110% recovery for un-labeledc) Information on water (origin/source, temperature, pH, sampling depth, appearance, DO, redox); if sediment is used, it should come from the same site as the water; water held at 4°C for not more than 4 weeks prior to testing d) Tested in the dark under aerobic conditions and agitation at constant temperature (field temperature or 20-25°C)e) At least 2 test concentrations; maximum not to exceed 100 µg/L, minimum <2 µg/L

f) Duplicate sampling at each time point

g) Duration not to exceed 100 d; incubation should be for 50-90% degradationh) LOD of at least 0.01 mg/kg in water or sediment or 1% of initial amount applied (whichever is lower)i) Use of easily degraded reference substance (e.g., aniline, sodium benzoate) to validate results



Persistence in Water – Relevance Yes 3 pts

Attempted1 pt

No 0 pts

a) Realistic rate of application (<1000 µg/L)



Table S2. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soil reported in laboratory and field studiesA. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soil reported in laboratory studies conducted in Europe (score ≥50%)

Soil Type Half Life (d)

Concentration (mg/kg) Location Strength Relevance Reference

Sandy clay loam 43

1.28

Marcham, UK

24/24 3/3 [6]Loam 46 Thessaloniki,

Greece

Silty clay loam 95 Charentilly, France

Sand 111 Cuckney, UKTopsoil 99 100000 Sweden; Italy 15/24 0/3 [7]Geometric mean 73

B. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soil reported in laboratory studies conducted outside of Europe (score ≥50%)



Gilford sandy clam loam (air dry, 25°C) 1.9

1 Illinois, USA 19/24 3/3 [8]

Gilford sandy clam loam (25% humidity, 25°C) 18

Gilford sandy clam loam (75% humidity, 25°C) 12

Gilford sandy clam loam (75% humidity, 35°C) 4.6

Hoopeston sandy clay loam (air dry, 25°C) 3.6

Hoopeston sandy clay loam (25% humidity, 25°C)

28

Hoopeston sandy clay loam (75% humidity, 25°C)

25





Hoopeston sandy clay loam ( (75% humidity, 35°C)

4.8

Ada B2 sandy loam (air dry, 25°C) 3.8

Ada B2 sandy loam (25% humidity, 25°C) 22



Ada B sandy loam (air dry, 25°C) 7.8

Ada B sandy (25% humidity, 25°C) 61

Ada B sandy loam (75% humidity, 25°C) 37

Ada B sandy loam (75% humidity, 35°C) 19

Sandy clay loam 3.8

1

Texas, USA

14/24 3/3 [9]

Clay loam 4.9 Texas, USA

Loam 5.6 North Dakota, USA

Loam 8.9 North Dakota, USA

Silty clay loam (Hastings, 2 yrs) 26 Nebraska, USA







Silt loam (Catlin, 2 yrs) 32 Illinois, USASilt loam (Catlin, 3 yrs) 24 Illinois, USASilt loam (Catlin, 4 yrs) 31 Illinois, USASilt loam (Elburn, 2 yrs) 31 Illinois, USASilt loam (Elburn, 3 yrs) 28 Illinois, USASilt loam (Elburn, 4 yrs) 44 Illinois, USAUnknowna 7 25

Mumbai, India 13/24 0/3 [10]Unknowna 7 50Unknowna 7 100Sandy loam (2E formulation)a 21

1.47 New York, USA 13/24 3/3 [11]Sandy loam (2G formulation)a 21

Sandy clam loam 20 0.5West Bengal, India 16/24

3/3[12]Sandy clam loam 23 5 3/3

Sandy clam loam 37 50 3/3Clay loam 28

12.5 Washington, USA 14/24 1/3 [13]

Silt loam (35°C) 42Silt loam (25°C) 91Silt loam 84Silt loam (15°C) 175Sandy soil 29

5 California, USA 15/24 3/3 [14]Sandy loam 23Clay loam (25°C med moisture)

30 10 Texas, USA 15/24 3/3 [15]





Clay loam (25°C med moisture) 30 100 Texas, USA

Sand (25°C med moisture) 450 10 Florida, USA

3/3Sand (25°C med moisture) 450 100 Florida, USAaWhere ranges of values were provided and not specifically related to experimental conditions, the largest value was used

Geometric mean 21

C. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soil reported in field studies conducted in Europe (score ≥50%)



Clay loam 2 0.64 Tivenys, Spain 12/24 3/3 [16]

Sandy clay loam 8 0.64 Tranent, Scotland 12/24 3/3 [17]

Clay loam 11 0.64 Charentilly, France 12/24 3/3 [18]

Sandy loam (spring) 15

>20 Belgium 16/24 0/3 [19]Sandy loam (summer) 18Loamy sand (spring) 28Loamy sand (summer) 30Silt loam 27

Sandy silt loam 34 0.64 Valtohori, Greece 12/24 3/3 [20]

Loamy Silt 400.58

Lauter, Germany

13/24 3/3 [21]Loamy Silt 51 Herford,

Germany


C. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soil reported in field studies conducted in Europe (score ≥50%)



Loam 55 0.58 Grebin, Germany 13/24 3/3 [22]

aWhere ranges of values were provided and not specifically related to experimental conditions, the largest value was used

Geometric mean 20

D. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soil reported in field studies conducted outside of Europe (score ≥50%)



Sandy clay 1.1 1.92 Brazil 13/24 3/3 [23]Sandy silt loam 1.5

3.1 Malaysia 14/24 3/3 [24]Sandy loam 1.1Sand 1.2

Sand 3.5 6.25 Massachusetts, USA 12/24 3/3 [25]

Sandy loam 10 ~13 Illinois, USA 16/24 1/3 [8]Sand 14

1.1 Ontario, Canada 12/24 3/3 [26] Muck 56Silt Loam 16 39 British

Columbia, Canada

12/24 0/3 [27]Silt Loam 17 53.5

Muck 35 0.5New York, USA 12/24 3/3 [28]

Muck 42 1Sandy loam 33

5.6California, USA

12/24 3/3 [29]Loam 46 Illinois, USASilt loam 56 Michigan, USA


D. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in soil reported in field studies conducted outside of Europe (score ≥50%)



Loam 481.47 Washington,

USA 14/24 3/3 [30]Loam 80

Silt loam 87 Recommended

Washington, USA 12/24 3/3 [31]

Geometric mean 13

E. Soil persistence studies excluded from the final assessment (score <50% or values not reported)

Study Type Soil Type Half Life (d) Concentration (mg/kg) Location Strength Relevance Reference

Laboratory Unknown (B) 1

4.18 Catania, Italy 5/24 3/3 [32]

Laboratory Unknown (A) 5

Field Sandy clay 2.8-7.2 4 Thailand 5/24 3/3 [33]

Field Loamy sand 4 0.37 Georgia, USA 10/24 3/3 [34]

Field Sand 5.7-7.63

Florida; Indiana, USA

11/24 3/3 [35]Field Loam 8.6-9.5

FieldSilty clay (WG Formulation)

6.3 0.49

Metaponto, Italy 11/24 3/3 [36]

FieldSilty clay (EC Formulation)

7.6 0.45




Field Sand 6.8 1.87 Florida, USA 9/24 3/3 [37]

Laboratory Sandy loam ~710 Ontario,

Canada 10/24 1/3 [38]Laboratory Unknown 18

Field Sandy clay 8.5 0.48 Hungary 7/24 3/3 [39]

Laboratory Clay Loam 9 0.9Campo de Cartagena, Spain

9/24 3/3 [40]

Laboratory Loam 11

6.7

Mississippi; North Dakota; Indiana; Illinois; Virginia; California, USA; Germany

9/24 3/3 [41]

Laboratory Loam 22Laboratory Silt loam 24

Laboratory Silty clay loam 34

Laboratory Loam 102Laboratory Clay adobe 107

Laboratory 2:3 standard 141

Field Clay loam 13 3 Ontario, Canada 4/24 3/3 [42]

Laboratory Unknown 14.1-15.415

Ontario, Canada; Plainfield

4/24 0/3 [43]Laboratory Sand 19.8-31.5

Field Sandy loam 30 Unknown Malaysia 11/24 1/3 [44]

Field Sandy loam 35 3.34 Soviet Union

10/24 3/3 [45]




Field Sandy clay loam 56

Field Sandy loam N/A, 36, 76 0.4, 2.9, 5.8 Sri Lanka 6/24 3/3 [46]

Field N/A 40 3.2 India 6/24 3/3 [47]

Laboratory Unknown 56 1, 10, 50, 100North Carolina, USA

11/24 1/3 [48]

Field Sandy loam ~56 0.48 Budapest, Hungary 11/24 3/3 [49]

Laboratory Sandy loam 68.8-316.5

10, 100, 1000 Australia 8/24 0/3 [50]Laboratory Clay loam 197.5-320.9Laboratory BS sand 93.5-338.1Laboratory QSD sand 39-385.1Laboratory MBU sand 104.5-825.2Laboratory LQS sand 19.9-280.6

Field Clay loam ~84 5.4 Quebec, Canada 11/24 3/3 [51]

Laboratory Clay 120 0.1, 1 Oregon, USA 8/24 3/3 [52]

Field Loam Not reported 0.8 Italy 9/24 3/3 [53]

Field Silty clay loam Not reported 5.6 Nebraska;

Illinois USA 8/24 3/3 [54]Field Silt loam

Laboratory Sandy loam Not reported 50 Belgium 7/24 0/3 [55]




Field Sandy loam Not reported 44.9 Ontario, Canada 7/24 0/3 [56]

Laboratory Silt; sandy loam

Not reported 5

California; Minnesota; Michigan; Louisiana, USA

6/24 3/3 [57]Laboratory ClayLaboratory Clay loam

Field Clay Not reported 2 Texas, USA 6/24 3/3 [58]

Field Silty loam Not reported 0.18 South Africa 6/24 3/3 [59]

Field Muck Not reported 1.47 Ontario, Canada 4/24 3/3 [60]

Field Sandy loam N/A N/A India N/A N/A [61]

Field ClayN/A N/A Soviet

Union N/A N/A [62]Field Sandy clay

Laboratory

Canisteo

Not reported 5 Iowa, Illinois, USA 15/24 3/3 [63]

TamaWebsterReadlynFayetteCatlinAckmoreGrundy ZookMuscatine

Laboratory Clay loam 175 1000 Texas, USA 15/24 0/3 [15]




(termiticide rate of application)

Sand 214 Florida, USASand 1576 Florida, USA

Sandy loam 230 Arizona, USA

Sandy loam 335 Hawaii, USA


Table S3. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in sediment reported in studies conducted in Europe

A. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in sediment reported in studies conducted in Europe (score ≥50%)

Study type Soil TypeHalf Life (d)

Concentration (mg/kg) Location Relevance Strength Reference

Laboratory Sandy loam 22

0.77 Carrick, UK 23/27 3/3 [64]Laboratory Clay loam 51

LaboratoryGreat

Linford Loam

55 0.12 Bedfordshire, UK 16/27 3/3 [65]

Geometric mean 40

B. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in sediment reported in studies conducted outside of Europe (score ≥50%)

Study type Soil Type Half Life (d)

Concentration (mg/kg) Location Relevance Strengt

h Reference

Laboratory Silty loam 5 0.05 North Vietnam 16/27 3/3 [66]

Field Clay loam 7 0.18 Brazil 16/27 3/3 [67]

Field Marine sediments 10.3 0.48 Mombasa,

Kenya 14/27 3/3 [68]

Laboratory Silty clay loam 30.5 0.44 Illinois, USA 16/27 3/3 [69]

Field Pond sediment 200 ~13 Illinois, USA 16/27 1/3 [8]


B. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in sediment reported in studies conducted outside of Europe (score ≥50%)


Concentration (mg/kg) Location Relevance Strengt

h Reference

Geometric mean 19

C. Sediment persistence studies excluded from the final assessment (score <50%)



Laboratory Sediment 1 5.8 Catania, Italy 9/27 3/3 [32]

Laboratory Mesocosm gravel 7.4-14.5 0.0003, 0.009,

0.028

New South Wales,

Australia12/27 3/3 [70]

FieldGreat

Linford Loam

20 0.02 Bedfordshire, UK 11/27 3/3 [71]

LaboratorySan Diego

Creek sediment

20.3-223

10 California, USA 13/27 1/3 [72]

LaboratoryBonita Creek

sediment

23.7-57.6

Laboratory Estuarine sediment 24 0.73 Florida, USA 10/27 3/3 [73]

Field Sandy loam 30 N/A Maryland,

USA 10/27 1/3 [74]

Laboratory Commerce loam 39

6.7Mississippi; California,

USA9/24 3/3 [41]

Laboratory Stockton clay 51


C. Sediment persistence studies excluded from the final assessment (score <50%)



Field California ditch 58-144

Field runoff California, USA 9/24 3/3 [75]

Field California wetland 68

Field Pond sediment N/A 0.005, 0.025,

0.05, 0.5California,

USA 12/27 3/3 [76]

Laboratory Silty clay N/A 2.5 Buenos Aires, Argentina 7/27 3/3 [77]


Table S4. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in water reported in laboratory and field studies

A. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in water reported in laboratory studies conducted in Europe (score ≥50%)

Water source Half Life (d) Concentration (µg/L) Location Relevance Strength Reference

Microcosm water 6 0.5

Netherlands 16/27 3/3 [78]6 510 0.05

Tox test water

1.3 1

Netherlands 16/27 3/3 [79]

1.3 0.11.3 0.011.3 11.3 0.11.3 0.011.9 11.9 0.11.9 0.01

Geomean 2.2

B. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in water reported in laboratory studies conducted outside of Europe (score ≥50%)


Creek water + gravel

1.3 6

New South Wales, Australia 20/27 3/3 [70]

2.3 203.0 0.2

10.4 0.2513.8 114.4 0.2


B. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in water reported in laboratory studies conducted outside of Europe (score ≥50%)


15.2 2017.3 218.0 0.0518.0 6

Marsh water 28 5000 Ontario, Canada 18/27 0/3 [80]Canal water 1.5 1

California, USA 14/27 3/3 [81]Tap water 1.7 1Patuxent R. 24 20

Maryland, USA 14/27 3/3 [82]Pocomoke R 27 20Choptank R. 56 20Susquehana R. 126 20

Geomean 11

C. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in water reported in field studies conducted outside of Europe (score ≥50%)

Water source Half Life (d) Concentration (µg/L) Location Relevance Strengt

h Reference

Microcosm water 7 15 Brazil 16/27 3/3 [67]

Estuary water 5 0.1 North Vietnam 14/27 3/3 [66]

Geomean 6


D. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in water reported in laboratory studies conducted with distilled water (score ≥50%, but excluded from the final assessment)


h Reference

Distilled water pH 5.9 53 70

Georgia, USA 15/27 3/3 [83]


Distilled water pH 12.9 0.01 42








Distilled water pH 1 89 176



California, USA 14/27 3/3 [81]






D. Persistence of chlorpyrifos in water reported in laboratory studies conducted with distilled water (score ≥50%, but excluded from the final assessment)


h Reference





Distilled water pH 7.1 74 5000 Ontario, Canada 18/27 0/3 [80]

Geomean 7.8

E. Water persistence studies excluded from the final assessment (score <50% or value not reported)

Study type Water source Half Life (d) Concentration

(µg/L) Location Relevance Strength Reference

Field Microcosm water 4 0.1, 1, 10, 100 Thailand 13/27 3/3 [84]

Field Field microcosm 10 75, 187.5 UK 12/27 3/3 [71]

Laboratory Distilled water 13-120 700 Oregon, USA 8/27 3/3 [52]

Laboratory Estuarine water 15-20; 22-24 500

Mississippi; Florida,

USA 13/27 3/3 [85]

Laboratory Distilled water 16-82 600, 370 Michigan, USA 10/24 3/3 [86]

Laboratory Aquaria water 18-23 100 Maryland, USA 9/27 3/3 [74]


E. Water persistence studies excluded from the final assessment (score <50% or value not reported)

Study type Water source Half Life (d) Concentration

(µg/L) Location Relevance Strength Reference

Laboratory Distilled water 19-77 1000 Ontario, Canada 10/27 1/3 [87]

LaboratoryDistilled

water; natural water

74; 25 1000, 500 Michigan, USA 11/27 3/3 [88]

Laboratory Natural water; tox test water N/A 500 Australia 12/27 3/3 [89]

Laboratory Laboratory water N/A 100, 500, 1000 Thailand 9/27 3/3 [90]

Laboratory Tox test water N/A 0.022, 0.065 Illinois, USA 14/27 3/3 [91]


Table S5. BCF values for chlorpyrifos reported for fish in the literature and reports (score >50%)

A. BCF values for chlorpyrifos reported for fish in the literature and reports (score >50%)Study type

Common name

Scientific name(s) BCF Duration

(d)Concentratio

n (µg/L) Location Strength

Relevance Reference

Laboratory Sea bass Dicentrarchus

labrax 0.6 7 200 Tunisia 19/33 4/6 [92]

Field Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus 100 33 0.41 MN, USA 16/30 3/6 [93]

Laboratory

Jamaican red hybrid tilapia

Tilapia sp. 116 3 50 Jamaica 21/30 4/6 [94]

Laboratory Eel Anguilla

anguilla 400 Kinetic 1.1-2.7 UK 22/30 6/6 [95, 96]

Laboratory

Atlantic silverside;

Menidia menidia; 420 28 0.06-2.0 FL, USA 17/30 6/6 [96]

Laboratory

Inland silverside

Menidia beryllina 440 28 0.25-2.0 FL, USA 17/30 6/6 [97]

Laboratory

California grunion fry; early life stage

Leuresthes tenuis 450 26 0.50-2.0, FL, USA 17/33 3/6 [98]

Microcosm

Mosquitofish Gambusia sp. 472 6 + 5 1.44 CA, USA 21/33 4/6 [99]

Laboratory Carp Cyprinus

carpio 550 14 0.49 Japan 18/30 4/6 [100]

Laboratory

Tidewater silverside

Menidia peninsulae 580 28 0.12-0.5 FL, USA 17/30 6/6 [98]

Laboratory

Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta 650 49 1.5-50 FL, USA 17/33 6/6 [101]

Field Fathead minnow

Pimephales promelas 780 18-33 0.14-0.46 MN, USA 16/30 3/6 [93]

Laboratory

California grunion fry; early life stage

Leuresthes tenuis 1000 35 0.50-2.0, FL, USA 17/33 3/6 [98]

Field Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus 1115 3 0.3-2.9 AR, USA 21/33 4/6 [102]


A. BCF values for chlorpyrifos reported for fish in the literature and reports (score >50%)Study type

Common name

Scientific name(s) BCF Duration

(d)Concentratio


Relevance Reference

Field Largemouth bass

Micropterus salmoides 1344 3 0.3-2.9 AR, USA 21/33 4/6 [102]

Laboratory

Rainbow trout

Salmo gairdneri 1374 30 + 16 0.3 MI, USA 30/33 4/6 [96]

Laboratory Guppy Poecilia

reticulata 1589 Kinetic 0.9-3.7 Netherlands 17/30 6/6 [103]

Laboratory

Fathead minnow

Pimephales promelas 1673 60 0.12-2.68 MN, USA 18/27 6/6 [104]

Laboratory Guppy Poecilia

reticulata 1700 Kinetic 10 Netherlands 20/30 6/6 [105]

Laboratory

Sheepshead minnow

Cyprinodon variegatus 1830 28 3.1-52 USA 20/30 3/6 [106]

Laboratory

Jamaican red hybrid tilapia

Tilapia sp. 3313 2 5 Jamaica 21/30 4/6 [94]

Laboratory Zebrafish Danio rerio 3548 2+1 1 Spain 20/27 4/6 [107]

Laboratory

Gulf toadfish Opsanus beta 5100 49 12-200 FL, USA 17/33 6/6 [101]

Geomean 853 Smallest value omitted

B. BCF values for chlorpyrifos reported for fish in the literature and reports (score >50%) but not usedStudy type Species Scientific

name(s)BCF or

BAFDuration

(d)Concentratio


Relevance Reference

Laboratory Carp Catla catla N/A 8 60-70 India 17/33 3/6 [108]

Laboratory Carp Labeo rohita N/A 8 60-94 India 17/33 3/6 [108]

Laboratory Carp Cirrhinus

mrigala N/A 8 110-130 India 17/33 3/6 [108]

Microcosm

Mosquitofish Gambusia sp. N/A 33 0.11 USA 22/30 6/6 [109]


C. BCF values for chlorpyrifos reported for an amphibian, invertebrates, and plants in the literature and reports (score >50%)

Study type Species Scientific

name(s)BCF or

BAFDuration

(d)Concentratio

n (µg/L) Location Strength Relevance Reference

Laboratory Mollusc Venus gallina 3.4 4 1000-56000 Spain 20/33 1/6 [110]

Laboratory MolluscMytilus galloprovincialis

4.1 4 1000-56000 Spain 20/33 1/6 [110]

Microcosm, laboratory

Mosquito larvae

Culex quinqufasciatus (BAF)

45 33 0.11 USA 22/30 6//6 [109]

Laboratory OligochaeteLumbriculus variegatus (BSAF)

57 10 1.75 Finland 18/33 6/6 [111]


Algae Oedogonium cardiacuin 72 33 0.11 USA 22/30 6//6 [109]

Laboratory Freshwater amphipod

Gammarus pulex (BAF) 412

1 + 3 depuratio

n2.45 Switzerland 22/33 4/6 [112]

Laboratory Mollusk Crassostrea virginica 565

28 + 14 depuratio

n0.61 USA 29/33 4/6 [113]


Snail Physa sp. 691 33 0.11 USA 22/30 6//6 [109]

Laboratory Water lettuce Pista stratiotes 3000 7 100-1000 Thailand 21/30 4/6 [90]

Laboratory Axolotl Ambystoma mexicanum 3632 2 50-100 Mexico 21/33 4/6 [114]

Laboratory Duckweed Lemna minor 5700 7 100-1000 Thailand 21/30 4/6 [90]

Geomean 204


D. BCF studies excluded from the final assessment (score <50% or value not reported)Study type Species Scientific

name(s)BCF or

BAFDuration

(d)Concen-

tration (µg/L) Location Strength Relevance Reference

Laboratory Spanish toothcarp

Aphanius iberus BMF 0.3 32 94 ng/g LW Spain 12/33 6/6 [115]

Laboratory Mosquito fish

Gambusia affinis 0.5 4 100 Spain 13/33 6/6 [115]

Laboratory Spanish toothcarp

Aphanius iberus 3.1 3 3.2 Spain 13/33 6/6 [115]

Laboratory Mosquito fish

Gambusia affinis 3.28 4 60 India 15/33 4/6 [116]

Laboratory Snapper Luthrimus fulviflama BAF 238 4 h 0.0082 Kenya 14/30 3.6 [68]

Laboratory Rabbit fish Seganus stellatus BAF 238 4 h 0.0082 Kenya 14/30 3.6 [68]

Laboratory Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss 997 28 0.3 [96]

Field Bluegill Lepomis macrochirus 1200 14 0.15 California,

USA 5/27 3/6 [117]

Field Largemouth bass

Micropterus salmoides 1333 14 0.15 California,

USA 5/27 3/6 [117]

Field Black crappie

Pomoxis nigrom-aculatus

3333 14 0.15 California, USA 5/27 3/6 [117]

Field Channel catfish

Ictalurus punctatus 4667 14 0.15 California,

USA 5/27 3/6 [117]

In vitro Rainbow trout

Oncorhynchus mykiss 6760 1 0.4-4.0 g/L Australia 8/24 1/6 [118]

Field Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus N/A N/A N/A Ethiopia 7/27 4/6 [119]

Field African

sharptooth catfish

Clarias garienpinus N/A N/A N/A Ethiopia 7/27 4/6 [119]

Field African big barb

Barbus intermedius N/A N/A N/A Ethiopia 7/27 4/6 [119]

Field Common carp

Cyprinus carpo N/A N/A N/A Ethiopia 7/27 4/6 [119]



name(s)BCF or

BAFDuration

(d)Concen-


Field Catfish Rita rita N/A N/A N/A India 4/24 4/6 [120]

Field Catfish Mystus tengara N/A N/A N/A India 4/24 4/6 [120]

Field Carp Cyprinus carpio N/A N/A N/A India 4/24 4/6 [120]

Field Carp Labeo rohita N/A N/A N/A India 4/24 4/6 [120]

Laboratory Clam Katalysia opima 0.05 5 3000 India 11/30 1/6 [121]

Laboratory Green macroalgae

Glacilaria verycurosa 0.29 30 0.05 Vietnam 16/33 6/6 [66]

Laboratory Clam Meretrix meretrix 1 30 0.05 Vietnam 16/33 6/6 [66]

Laboratory Blue-green alga Anabaena sp. 18 5 1000-10000 India 13/33 6/6 [122]

Laboratory Blue-green alga

Aulosira tertilissima 397 5 1000-10000 India 13/33 6/6 [122]

Field Zooplankton N/A (ww BAF) 70 Field

collected 0.001 ng/L Canada 8/24 4/6 [123]

Field Zooplankton (lipid BAF) 3300 Field

collected 0.001 ng/L Canada 8/24 4/6 [123]

Laboratory Anisoptera Anax imperator 100 2 + 5-

dep. 0.9-17.6 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Isopoda Asellus aquaticus 3242 2 + 5-

dep. 0.22-6.2 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Diptera Chaoborus obscuripes 2428 2 + 5-

dep. 0.22-4.2 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Ephemeroptera

Cloeon dipterum 1782 2 + 5-de. 0.03-1 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Diptera Culex pipens 13930 2 + 5-dep. 0.1 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Cladocera Daphnia magna 541 2 + 5-

dep. 0.01-3 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Amphipoda Gammarus 2039 2 + 5- 0.02-0.6 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]



name(s)BCF or

BAFDuration

(d)Concen-


pulex (Adult) dep.

Laboratory Amphipoda Gammarus pulex (Juv) 3083 2 + 5-

dep. 0.1 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Trichoptera Molanna angustata 5331 2 + 5-

dep. 0.1-25.6 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Decapoda Neocaridina denticulata 1291 2 + 5-

dep. 5-653.4 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Heteroptera Notonecta maculata 407 2 + 5-

dep. 1-53.14 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Lepidoptera Paraponyx stratiotata 1601 2 + 5-

dep. 0.2-82 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Heteroptera Plea minutissima 654 2 + 5-

dep. 0.9-17.6 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Decapoda Procamarus sp. (Juv) 280 2 + 5-

dep. 0.2-82.01 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Decapoda Procamarus sp. (Adult) 1295 2 + 5-

dep. 5-80 Netherlands 0/30* 4/6 [124]

Laboratory Heteroptera Ranatra linearis 392 2 + 5-

dep. 3.25-52 USA 14/30 6/6 [125]

Laboratory Megaloptera Sialis lutaria 9625 2 + 5-

dep. 0.2-625 Kenya 14/30 3/6 [68]

Microcosm Fanwort Cabomba caroliniana 600 1 5 Michigan,

USA 7/30 4/6 [126]

Microcosm Duckweed Lemna minor 640 1 5 Michigan, USA 7/30 4/6 [126]

Microcosm Goldfish Carassius auratus 1130 1 5 Michigan,

USA 7/30 4/6 [126]

Laboratory Eastern oyster

Crosetrea virginica 680 28 0.61 Maryland,

USA N/A N/A [127]

Laboratory Goldfish Carassius auratus 1134 2 50 Michigan,

USA 10/30 3/6 [128]

Laboratory CrustaceanArtemia

partheno-genetica

6080 2 1-100 Spain 12/33 6/6 [115]

Laboratory Estuarine Mercenaria N/A 23 h N/A USA 16/33 4/6 [129]



name(s)BCF or

BAFDuration

(d)Concen-


bivalve mercenaria

Field Zebra mussel

Dreissena molymorpha N/A Field

collected 3.4-72.7 ng/L Italy 9/24 6/6 [130]

*These studies were assessed at zero strength because the radiolabel was in the incorrect location on the molecule.


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