link 1 the milky way - pearson | brasil · 2013-01-17 · 1 shutterstock/paul paladin link 1 the...

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Link 1The Milky Way

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UNCOVERING THE TEXT 4

EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY 5

Hyperlinks

Link 2The Crystal Cave of Giants

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UNCOVERING THE TEXT 8

EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY 9

COMMUNICATION BYTES 10

M-01-HYPERLINK-1-tab1-2_COMBO.indd 1 05/07/2010 16:21:37

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1NAVIGATION

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THE MILKY WAYLOG IN

1 Look at the picture. What is the text about?

2 Share your knowledge. What do you know about

the Milky Way?

Verb to be: present / past – p. 186

GRAMMAR ITEMS

band: faixa

believe: crer, acreditar

come: vir

dwarf: anão

encompass: rodear

Pluto: Plutão

speed: velocidade

star: estrela

within: dentro de

WORD BANK

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EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY COMMUNICATION BYTES

T he Milky Way is the common name for the galaxy that encompasses our solar system. The name comes from the band of white light that is seen across the celestial sphere. The fi rst person to mention it was the Greek

philosopher Democritus.The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies contained

within the Universe. It is believed to be more than 13 billion

years old and contains between 200 and 400 billion stars. Scientists estimate that in 3 billion years, the Milky Way

Galaxy will collide with the Andromeda Galaxy, which is making its way towards us at a speed of about 1,800 kilometers per minute.

SURPRISING SECOND BLACK HOLE FOUND IN MILKY

WAY'S CENTERAstronomers think they have found a rare if not unique black hole

very near the center of the Milky Way. That would make two of

them in that part of the galaxy. The discovery also adds weight

to the idea that black holes come in three sizes, essentially small,

medium and large.The newly detected object appears to be an intermediate mass

black hole, packing about 1,300 solar masses. One solar mass is

roughly equal to the mass of the sun.

NINE PLANETS Q: Is Pluto really a planet? A: No. According to the IAU*, Pluto should be classified as a "dwarf planet" a category distinct from regular planets. Q: Are there any other dwarf planets in our solar system? A: Yes. The newly discovered Eris is now classified as a dwarf planet. Ceres, discovered in 1801, is another dwarf planet. The regular planets in our solar system are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune. *IAU – International Astronomical Union

Sources: www.space.com/milkyway/ www.nineplanets.org/intro.html www.space.com/scienceastronomy/mystery_monday_041115.html

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Are we alone in the Universe?

1 Reading Strategy: Read the first three paragraphs and find words similar to Portuguese.

2 Check the best meaning for the underlined words.

1. The Milky Way is just one of billions of galaxies contained within the Universe.

a. exactly b. only

2. Scientists estimate that in 3 billion years, the Milky Way Galaxy will collide. . .

a. like b. calculate

3 The sentence “The Andromeda Galaxy is making its way towards us” means that:

a. The Andromeda Galaxy is approaching the Earth.

b. The Andromeda Galaxy is traveling away from the Earth.

4 Underline the words that are essential to the meaning.

Scientists estimate that in 3 billion years, the Milky Way Galaxy will collide

with the Andromeda Galaxy.

5 Answer the questions.

1. How old is the Milky Way?

13 billion years old

2. Are Eris and Pluto regular planets?

No. They are dwarf planets.

3. Who was Democritus?

A Greek philosopher

FORUM

Multi Wavelength Images of the Milky Way

The Structure of the Milky Way

RELATED ITEMS

name galaxy solar system

band celestial sphere Greek philosopher

billion Universe contain scientists estimate

collide kilometers per minute

Para habituar o aluno a trabalhar com as palavras essenciais em vez de tentar entender palavra por palavra.

Just = falso cognato; nesse contexto, significa ‘apenas’

Identifying cognates: Cognatos são palavras com a mesma origem e o mesmo significado. Exemplos: solar, space. Quando elas têm diferentes significados são chamadas falsos cognatos.

READINGSTRATEGIES

TOPIC

Via Lácteacommon

Check the correct answer.

article

biography

interview

letter

TEXT TYPE

Por razões de pronúncia e significado, optamos por usar o termo "text type" em vez de "genre". Ver Manual pág. 15.


EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY

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RESOURCES

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SuffixesLetra ou grupo de letras colocadas no final de uma palavra. Podem criar novas palavras ou mudar seu significado e sua categoria. Exemplos: danger, dangerous, dangerously.

SpellingQuando se adiciona o sufixo -y nas palavras terminadas em vogal/consoante, dobra-se a consoante. Exemplo: fog – foggy.

For further information about suffixes, go to:

www.sk.com.br/sk-morfo.html

For other words related to Astronomy, go to:

www.enchantedlearning.com/dictionarysubjects/astronomy.shtml

Os cognatos são mais comuns na área científica porque a maioria das palavras vem do Latim.

(he / person / mention)

1. she / girl / read

2. we / people / think about

3. they / guys / plan

He was the first person to mention my name. . .

1 Find opposites in the text for the highlighted words.

1. He is always the last person to arrive. fi rst

2. My little brother loves the story of Finn McCool, the Good Giant. dwarf

3. Democritus is an uncommon name, isn’t it? common

2 Add -y to form adjectives. Then complete the sentences with the appropriate words.

milk y rain y sun ny

fun y cloud y sleep y

noise y cream y wind y

dream y fog gy flower y

1. It’s a sunny day! Let’s go to the beach!

2. I get sad on cloudy/rainy days.

3. You should read this book. It’s very funny .

4. I am sleepy today because I danced all night long.

3 The words below are related to Astronomy. Check the ones you know. Are they cognates? Answers will vary.

atmosphere asteroid astronaut nebula

astronomy constellation eclipse orbit

falling star galaxy meteor Sun

meteorite meteor shower moon star

planet satellite Zodiac

PERSONAL PRODUCTION

Write some sentences about three of your friends. Answers will vary.


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2NAVIGATION

TEXT UNCOVERING THE TEXT

THE CRYSTAL CAVE OF GIANTS

[1] The Naica Mine of Chihuahua, Mexico, is a working mine. It was fi rst discovered in 1794.

[2] In April 2000, two brothers were drilling a new tunnel when they discovered a crystal cave. Inside it there are some of the largest natural crystals on Earth: weighing up to 55 tons.

[3] It is “the Sistine Chapel of crystals,” says the geologist García-Ruiz.

[4] When entering the mine you get helmets, lanterns, rubber boots, and gloves. A truck drives you approximately 1,000* feet down and almost half a mile along. The temperature and humidity get extremely uncomfortable.

[5] At the end of a tunnel there is the aperture of the cavern itself. The cavern has an impressive cathedral-like appearance. The heat is so intense, one can only remain inside for a short period of time.

[6] Geologists report that there is a magma chamber two to three miles below the mountain. The heat from this lava travels up into the mine and super-heated fl uids form the crystals. In the cave, you feel the heat from the magma deep below.

[7] “There is no other place on the planet,” García-Ruiz said, “where the mineral world reveals itself in such beauty.”

* 1 foot = 0.3048 meters

Sources: www.crystalinks.com/mexicocrystals.html http://garciaruiz.com/JuanMa.html http://thehouseofcrystals.com

LOG IN

1 Look at the picture. Is the text about outer

space? What is the text about?

2 Share your knowledge. What do you know about

the Sistine Chapel? What do you know about giant crystals?

There is / There are – There was / There were – p. 188

GRAMMAR ITEMS

appearance: aparência

cave: caverna

deep: fundo, profundo

drill: perfurar

feel: sentir

heat: calor

largest: a maior

remain: permanecer

uncomfortable: desconfortável

WORD BANK

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EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY COMMUNICATION BYTES

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1 Answer the questions.

1. Is the temperature in the mine comfortable?

No, it is very hot and humid

2. What is there below the crystal cave?

A magma chamber.

3. Are there many similar places on Earth?

No, there are not.

2 Find the paragraphs that contain the following information:

1. the mine location 1st paragraph

2. what is inside the cave 2nd

3. the appearance of the cave 5th

4. how the crystals are formed 6th

5. the geologist’s opinions 3rd and 7th

3 Underline the words that are essential to the meaning.

In April 2000, two brothers were drilling a new tunnel when they discovered

a crystal cave. Inside it there are some of the largest natural crystals on Earth.

4 Read the paragraph below and find eight cognates.At the end of a tunnel there is the aperture of the cavern itself. The cavern has an impressive cathedral-like appearance. The heat is so intense one can only remain inside for a short period of time.

Why does the geologist compare the cave to the Sistine Chapel?

tunnel cavern cathedral intense

aperture impressive appearance period

FORUM

Fazer com que o aluno localize a ideia principal de um parágrafo ou texto. Levar o aluno a perceber que não é preciso entender todas as palavras para entender o texto.

Volcano

Volcano Vocabulary

Parts of a Volcano

RELATED ITEMS

Check the correct answer.

biography

blog

report

interview

TEXT TYPE

Talking about the theme: Trocar ideias sobre o assunto de um texto vai ampliar seu conhecimento sobre o tema e prepará-lo melhor para a leitura.

READINGSTRATEGIES

TOPIC

Cristais / Cavernas

Nesse exercício, o aluno deve perceber a presença dos cognatos e as semelhanças entre as duas línguas. Esse tipo de observação o auxiliará a desvendar o texto.


EXPANDING THE VOCABULARY

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RESOURCES

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1 Find words with similar meaning in the text.

1. A truck drives you almost 1,000 feet down. approximately

2. The temperature in the mine is not comfortable. uncomfortable

3. There are crystals in the room. cavern/chamber

2 Add -ly to form adverbs. Then complete the sentences with the appropriate words.

entire entirely extreme extremely

approximate approximately angry angrily

dangerous dangerously frequent frequently

1. She was extremely sad after the funeral.

2. He shouted at me angrily .

3. The bank is not far– approximately two blocks down the street.

3 Fill in the blanks with the appropriate prepositions from the box.

in inside on up to down below

1. They discovered the largest crystals on Earth.

2. The temperature in New York was 10˚C below zero.

3. A bus can drive you down the road.

4. Inside the cave the temperature can go up to 50˚C.

4 Match the words from the box to their definitions.

Geology Geography

1. Geography is the study of the earth and its lands, features, inhabitants, and phenomena.

2. Geology is the study of the earth, the materials of which it is made, the structure of those materials, and the processes acting upon them.

PERSONAL PRODUCTION

Describe three places in your neighborhood. Answers will vary.

1. At the end of the street . . . 2. Near my house . . . 3. In front of my school . . .

SpellingAo receber o sufixo -ly: • palavras terminadas em -e

perdem o -e: comfortable – comfortably

• palavras terminadas em consoante + y, troca o -y por -i: angry – angrily.

PrepositionIndica a relação entre elementos mencionados na sentença. Exemplo: She walks around the lagoon.

SuffixesO sufixo -ly transforma adjetivos em advérbios. Exemplos: gentle – gently, kind – kindly.

For further information about prepositions, go to:

www.englishpage.com/prepositions/prepositions.html

At the end of the road

At the end of the road there is a park. . . .


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Vatican Museum and Sistine Chapel Hours

From April 1 to October 31: 8.45–16.45From November 1 to March 31: 8.45–13.45Closed all Sundays and holidays, except for thelast Sunday of the month when the museum isopen with free admission.

NET COOKIES

Read the text below.

Now visit the link and talk to your partner.What is this site about? What languages is it written in?Would you like to visit the Vatican Museum and the Sistine Chapel? Why?/Why not?

A: Excuse me. Where is the painting The Last Judgment by Michelangelo?

B: Oh, it’s a fresco inside the Sistine Chapel. Walk along this alley. At the end of the alley turn left and then left again.

A: Left and left? B: Yes. The painting is on the wall behind the altar. A: Thanks a lot. B: You’re welcome.

CHATTING — Asking for directions

Source: http://www.christusrex.org

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This site is about matters concerning God and other religious sites. It is written in English and Latin.Answers will vary.

Role Play: Practice this situation with a partner. Then exchange roles. Use the conversation above as a model. You’re new in town and need to buy a present for your mother. Ask your neighbor for help.


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Review • lin

ks 1 and 21 Check the correct answers to fill in the blanks.

1. The Sun heats the by sending its rays across the space.

a. volcano c. crystal

b. Earth d. mine

2. The Naica Mine in Mexico is .

a. a type of museum c. a chapel

b. a glacial mine d. a working mine

3. The cavern has an impressive appearance.

a. volcano-like c. cathedral-like

b. hot-like d. house-like

4. The miners the caves in 2000.

a. discovered c. discover

b. discovers d. to discover

5. Inside the mine the heat is .

a. low c. large

b. rubber d. intense

6. Your uncle a beautiful house.

a. to have c. haves

b. has d. have

7. There many people at the concert last night.

a. were c. are

b. was d. is

8. How many planets there in the solar system?

a. are c. were

b. is d. was

9. There nothing better than fresh water.

a. are c. aren’t

b. is d. isn’t

10. There a huge truck and two motorcycles in front of my gate.

a. are c. is

b. have d. has

nothing better than fresh water.

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Review • lin

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3 How many words related to Astronomy can you remember? Answers will vary.

Planets Milky Way

2 Complete the paragraph with the correct words from the box below.

1. a. is b. was c. were

2. a. special b. specially c. actual

3. a. in b. on c. at

4. a. dangerous b. dangerously c. danger

5. a. below b. outside c. up to

Global warming is perhaps the most complicated

issue that world leaders have to face nowadays. The scientifi c

community has been warning society about the buildup of human-

related greenhouse gases for a long time. These gases are produced

specially by the burning of fossil fuels and forests.

As a result, the average temperature on Earth

has been increasing and several variations in natural phenomena

have been observed. Global warming will cause sea levels to

rise and will expand subtropical deserts, which can be very

dangerous .

Some reports say that temperatures may rise up to

6.4°C during the 21st century.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)


link 1 the milky way - pearson | brasil · 2013-01-17 · 1 shutterstock/paul paladin link 1 the...

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