linguistics 101: it’s tongues of fun! rachel wang chiba-wisconsin alt toke high school
TRANSCRIPT
English Spelling Sucks
“ghoti” (not a real word) laugh, women, nation
spelling ≠ sound International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)
Describing English sounds is helpful
Class Speech contest
Consonants, part 1
Voiced vs. voiceless (whether vocal folds vibrate) [b] vs. [p] [ð] in mother vs. [θ] in thigh
Manner (how sound is produced) Stops e.g. [b], [p], [d], [t] Fricatives e.g. [f], [v], [s], [z] Affricates e.g. [tʃ] in church Glides e.g. [j] in yes, [w] Liquids e.g. [l], [ɹ]
Consonants, part 2
Place of Articulation
Bilabial (2 lips) Labiodental (lip meets teeth) Dental (teeth) Alveolar (ridge behind
front teeth) Palatal Velar Glottal
Quiz
What is the difference between [k] and [g]?
How would you describe [t]? Voicing? Place? Manner?
Voicing: [k] is voiceless, [g] is voiced
VoicelessAlveolarStop
Vowels
Front / backness
Height
Tense vs. lax e.g. [i] vs. [ɪ]
Rounding
beet
bot
bought
bit
boat
bookboot
bait
bet
bat
butt
Quiz Differences between [i] and [u]?
Vowel in nation?
Different: Front/back, roundingSame: Both are tense & high
[eɪ], [ə/ʌ]
beet
bot
bought
bit
boat
bookboot
bait
bet
bat
butt
Diphthongs
aɪ e.g. buy
aʊ e.g. house
ɔɪ e.g. toy
Long vowels in English vs. Japanese eɪ or ej e.g. say -- Different than せ or せい oʊ or ow e.g. soDifferent than そ or そう
Phonological Rules (U.S.)
Helpful to know some rules of English sounds
/t/ & /d/ → [ɾ] between 2 consonants (when the 2nd consonant is unstressed) E.g. water, ladder
Plural endings [s] [z] [ɪz] Voiceless sound (s, p, t, k, f) → s cats Voiced sounds (b, d, g, l, etc.) → z dogs fricatives (ch, j, s, z) → [ɪz] bridges
Stress
Three aspects of stress Louder Longer Higher
Unstressed syllables become [ə] or [ɪ] E.g. photography
13 (thirTEEN) vs. 30 (THIRdy)
Problem Solving I
How would you describe the physical difference? Consonants
[s] vs. [ʃ] e.g. sip vs. ship [b] vs. [v] e.g. boat vs. vote [l] vs. [r] e.g. light vs. right
Vowels Tense vs. lax e.g. beet vs. bit, boot vs. book ɑ vs. æ e.g. bot vs. bat
Interactive diagram –- can help show the differencehttp://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/english.html
Problem Solving II
Rhythm Nursery rhymese.g. Jack and Jill went up the hill Nonsense syllable e.g. “What did you do with it?”
da da da DA da da
Stress Increase length of stressed (about 3:1, CANada)
Important to do listening AND production practice
Some ideas Bingo game Explain using diagrams of mouth Physical response (e.g. stand/crouch) Fly swatter game ( たたき飛ぶ) Karuta Blackboard race: 1 person from each team comes
up. 1st person to write “R” or “15” gets a pt.
Activity Ideas for Class
Activity: Word Tree(or Listening Pyramid)
START
ship sip
see she see she
sin1
shin2
sin3
shin4
sin5
shin6
sin7
shin8
Activity: Giving/Following Instructions
Draw a sheep on the board.
Writer the letter “F” above the sheep.
Use the “F” as the start of the word “fry”
Write “light” next to “fry”
Draw a mouse next to the word “light”
etc.
Sharing Is Caring
Discuss with your partner:
A pronunciation activity you’ve done
If none, talk about one you’d like to
do OR come up with a new activity
Helpful Resources
Websites International Phonetic Alphabet if interested
http://www.uiowa.edu/~acadtech/phonetics/english/english.html
http://allthingslinguistic.com/post/67308552090/how-to-remember-the-ipa-vowel-chart
Books Minimal Pair Word Trees (Charles Redditt, 2006) Teaching American English Pronunciation (Avery & Ehrlich) Pronunciation: A Practical Approach (Linda Lane)