ling 403/603 introduction to phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · for example...
TRANSCRIPT
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D A Y 1 0
C E S A R K O I R A L A
Ling 403/603
Introduction to Phonology
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Morphology
The system of categories and rules involved in word formation and interpretation is called morphology.
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Morphology
How do you learn/store the words like tree, bed, write?
How do you learn/store the words like unwanted, fastest, cats?
![Page 4: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Morphology
How do you learn/store the words like tree, bed, write?
How do you learn/store the words like unwanted, fastest, cats?
The words in the second group and countless other words can be constructed and comprehended by the application of some general rules.
![Page 5: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Morphology
How do you learn/store the words like tree, bed, write?
How do you learn/store the words like unwanted, fastest, cats?
The words in the second group and countless other words can be constructed and comprehended by the application of some general rules.
This system of categories and rules involved in word formation and interpretation is called morphology.
![Page 6: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Interaction of Morphology and Phonology
There are many interactions between phonological forms and morphological structures (which we shall discuss in the later chapters).
Hence, it is very important to know about basic morphology in order to understand Morphophonemic processes.
![Page 7: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Basic Concepts - The Morpheme
The smallest linguistic unit of meaning or function.
![Page 8: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
The Morpheme
The smallest linguistic unit of meaning or function.
cat + s
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The Morpheme
The smallest linguistic unit of meaning or function.
cat + s
“A feline” “Plural”
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Morphemes and Words
Morphology creates words by combining morphemes in a systematic way
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Morphemes and words
Morphemes make up words
Some words contain only 1 morpheme:
For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue‟
These are monomorphemic words
Other words contain more than one morpheme:
For example „un+happy‟ „un+twist+ed‟ „quick+ness‟
These are polymorphemic words
![Page 12: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Summary of morpheme types
Morphemes
Free Bound
Roots Affixes Roots
Derivational Inflectional
Prefix Suffix Infix circumfix
![Page 13: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Two types of affix
In terms of how they affect the properties of the things they attach to, there are 2 types of affix:
Derivational
Inflectional
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Derivational:
Can change the core meaning, word category
Can change the category (N, V, Adj etc…) of the thing to which the attach.
Create a whole new word
E.g. electric > electric+ity; comfort> comfort+able; lug> lugg+age etc…
![Page 15: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Inflectional
• Do not change the meaning of words
• Do not change the word category (N, Adj. V, etc…)
• Mark a particular grammatical environment or relationship
![Page 16: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Inflectional affixes in English
Only 9 of them, all are suffixes
-3rd.sg.present -s
-possessive -s
-plural -s
-comparative -er
-superlative -est
-past tense -ed
-progressive -ing
-pastive marker -ed/-en
![Page 17: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Summary of morpheme types
Morphemes
Free Bound
Roots Affixes Roots
Derivational Inflectional
Prefix Suffix Infix circumfix
![Page 18: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
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Practice Problems…
• Page 176: Exercise 2 (a,c,e,i,h)
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Practice Problems…
• Page 176: Exercise 2 (a,c,e,i,h)
(a). cat: free
-s: bound inflectional suffix
![Page 25: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Practice Problems…
• Page 176: Exercise 2 (a,c,e,i,h)
(a). cat: free
-s: bound inflectional suffix
(c). re-: bound derivational prefix
join: free
![Page 26: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Practice Problems…
• Page 176: Exercise 2 (a,c,e,i,h)
(a). cat: free
-s: bound inflectional suffix
(c). re-: bound derivational prefix
join: free
(e). mild: free
-er: bound inflectional suffix
![Page 27: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Practice Problems…
• Page 176: Exercise 2 (a,c,e,i,h)
(a). cat: free
-s: bound inflectional suffix
(c). re-: bound derivational prefix
join: free
(e). mild: free
-er: bound inflectional suffix
(i). greed: free
-y: bound derivational suffix
![Page 28: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Practice Problems…
• Page 176: Exercise 2 (a,c,e,i,h)
(a). cat: free
-s: bound inflectional suffix
(c). re-: bound derivational prefix
join: free
(e). mild: free
-er: bound inflectional suffix
(i). greed: free
-y: bound derivational suffix
(h). bi- bound derivational affix
cycle free
OR
bicycle free
![Page 29: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Summary of morpheme types
Morphemes
Free Bound
Roots Affixes Roots
Derivational Inflectional
Prefix Suffix Infix circumfix
![Page 30: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Morphological Processes
Basic Idea:
We store morphemes in the brain
Morphemes are combined or changed via morphological processes
The output of morphological processes is words
![Page 31: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Types of morphological processes
Affixation
Compounding
Reduplication
Alternations
Suppletion
![Page 32: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Affixation
Attachment of an affix to a base(root).
1. Prefix
2. Suffix
3. Infix
4. Circumfix
![Page 33: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Affixation
Attachment of an affix to a base(root).
1. Prefix (e.g. inactive)
2. Suffix
3. Infix
4. Circumfix
![Page 34: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Affixation
Attachment of an affix to a base(root).
1. Prefix (e.g. inactive)
2. Suffix (e.g. drinkable)
3. Infix
4. Circumfix
![Page 35: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Affixation
Attachment of an affix to a base(root).
1. Prefix (e.g. inactive)
2. Suffix (e.g. drinkable)
3. Infix (e.g. Bontoc(Philippines): fumikas = fikas „strong’ + um ‘to be’)
4. Circumfix
![Page 36: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Affixation
Attachment of an affix to a base(root).
1. Prefix (e.g. inactive)
2. Suffix (e.g. drinkable)
3. Infix (e.g. Bontoc(Philippines): fumikas = fikas „strong’ + um ‘to be’)
4. Circumfix (e.g. samoan: fefinaua?i = finau „to quarrel‟ +
fe- / a?i „reciprocal‟)
![Page 37: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Compounding
Combining two independent words to form a new word:
Girlfriend, textbook, air-conditioner
![Page 38: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Reduplication
Process of forming a word by repeating either an entire word or part of the word
Total/full reduplication
Partial reduplication
![Page 39: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Reduplication
Process of forming a word by repeating either an entire word or part of the word
Total/full reduplication
Indonesian(uses full reduplication for forming plurals of nouns):
rumah „house‟ rumah-rumah „houses‟
Partial reduplication
Tagalog(uses partial reduplication for forming future tense of verbs):
bili „buy‟ bibili „will buy‟
pasok ‘enter’ papasok „will enter‟
![Page 40: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Alternations
Morpheme internal modifications that make new words or morphological distinctions
Hebrew: (Derivational alternations between nouns and verbs)
Verbs Nouns
[limed] „he taught‟ [limud] „lesson‟
[sijem] „he finished‟ [sijum] „end‟
![Page 41: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Alternations
Morpheme internal modifications that make new words or morphological distinctions
Hebrew: (Derivational alternations between nouns and verbs)
Verbs Nouns
[limed] „he taught‟ [limud] „lesson‟
[sijem] „he finished‟ [sijum] „end‟
![Page 42: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Alternations
Morpheme internal modifications that make new words or morphological distinctions
Hebrew: (Derivational alternations between nouns and verbs)
Verbs Nouns
[limed] „he taught‟ [limud] „lesson‟
[sijem] „he finished‟ [sijum] „end‟
English has limited alternations that are somewhat idiosyncratic:
Sink [sɪŋk] vs. sank [sæŋk] vs. sunk [sʌŋk]
Ring vs. rang vs. rung
![Page 43: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Suppletion
A morphological process between forms of a word where wherein one form cannot be phonologically or morphologically derived from the other
„go‟ vs. „went‟
„is‟ vs. „was‟
![Page 44: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Types of morphological processes
Affixation
Compounding
Reduplication
Alternations
Suppletion
![Page 45: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Practice problems
Page 178 (11)
a. bind – alternation
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Practice problems
Page 178 (11)
a. bind – alternation f. cover – affixation
b. toe, nail – compounding g. ma – reduplication
c. Sarah – affixation h. mouse – alternation
d. be – suppletion i. lady, bug – compounding
e. domestic – affixation j. ring – alternation
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Practice Problem
Page 179 (15 (i))
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Practice Problem
Page 179 (15 (i))
This is an example of reduplication. In each case, the second and third consonant of the root word are repeated to form the derived word.
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Practice Problem
Page 185 (34)
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Practice Problem
Page 185 (34)
[kali] house [no] my
[pelo] dog [mo] your
[kwahmili] cornfield [i] his
[mes] (plural marker)
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Practice Problem
Page 185 (34)
[kali] house [no] my
[pelo] dog [mo] your
[kwahmili] cornfield [i] his
[mes] (plural marker)
b. 'his dog„
![Page 52: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
Practice Problem
Page 185 (34)
[kali] house [no] my
[pelo] dog [mo] your
[kwahmili] cornfield [i] his
[mes] (plural marker)
b. 'his dog„
c. [ikwahmilimes]
![Page 53: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
1. Isolate and compare the forms that are partially similar
![Page 54: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
1. Isolate and compare the forms that are partially similar
e.g [nokali] „my house‟
[nokalimes] „my houses‟
[mokali] „your house‟
[ikali] „his house‟
![Page 55: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
2. If a single phonetic form has two distinct meanings (functions), it must be analyzed as representing two different morphemes.
![Page 56: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
2. If a single phonetic form has two distinct meanings (functions), it must be analyzed as representing two different morphemes.
Does [no] have two distinct meanings?
[nokali] „my house‟
[nokalimes] „my houses‟
![Page 57: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
2. If a single phonetic form has two distinct meanings(function), it must be analyzed as representing two different mophemes.
Does [no] have two distinct meanings?
[nokali] „my house‟
[nokalimes] „my houses‟
How about the morpheme spelled [er] in the following words?
[worker]
[faster]
![Page 58: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
3. If the same function and meaning are associated with different phonetic forms, these different forms all represent the same morphemes( They are allomorphs of the morpheme).
![Page 59: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/59.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
3. If the same function and meaning are associated with different phonetic forms, these different forms all represent the same morphemes( They are allomorphs of the morpheme).
Imbalance [Imbæləns]
Inability [InəbIləɾi]
Incomplete [Iŋkəmplit]
Irresponsible [IrIspansIbl]
Illegible [IlɛdӡIbl]
![Page 60: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/60.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
3. If the same function and meaning are associated with different phonetic forms, these different forms all represent the same morphemes( They are allomorphs of the morpheme).
Imbalance [Imbæləns]
Inability [InəbIləɾi]
Incomplete [Iŋkəmplit]
Irresponsible [IrIspansIbl]
Illegible [IlɛdӡIbl]
![Page 61: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/61.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
3. If the same function and meaning are associated with different phonetic forms, these different forms all represent the same morphemes( They are allomorphs of the morpheme).
Imbalance [Imbæləns]
Inability [InəbIləɾi]
Incomplete [Iŋkəmplit]
Irresponsible [IrIspansIbl]
Illegible [IlɛdӡIbl]
We call [Im], [In], [Ir], [Il], [Iŋ] allomorphs of the same morpheme.
![Page 62: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/62.jpg)
Procedure of performing morphological analysis
The choice of a particular form of a morpheme is predictable on the basis of the phonetic environment.
Imbalance [Imbæləns] -> [Im] before labials
Incomplete [Iŋkəmplit] -> [Iŋ] before velars
Irresponsible [IrIspansIbl] ->[Ir] before [r]
Illegible [IlɛdӡIbl] ->[Il] before [l]
Inability [InəbIləɾi] -> [In] elsewhere
![Page 63: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/63.jpg)
Practice Problem
Page 184 (31)
![Page 64: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/64.jpg)
Practice Problem
Page 184 (31)
a. [kaamaj] son [no] my [pom] their
[ki] house [po] his [m]/[um] (plural marker)
[taana] blanket [ʔo] your (sg.) [huukapi] pipe
[peew] wife [ʔom] your (pl.) [tʃam] our
![Page 65: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/65.jpg)
Practice Problem
Page 184 (31)
a. [kaamaj] son [no] my [pom] their
[ki] house [po] his [m]/[um] (plural marker)
[taana] blanket [ʔo] your (sg.) [huukapi] pipe
[peew] wife [ʔom] your (pl.) [tʃam] our
b. Yes, the allomorphs are phonologically conditioned.
![Page 66: Ling 403/603 Introduction to Phonologyudel.edu/~koirala/phonology/day10.pdf · For example „big‟ „run‟ „lung‟ „blue ... Can change the core meaning, ... Inflectional](https://reader030.vdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022020214/5aa30b017f8b9a1f6d8e09a6/html5/thumbnails/66.jpg)
Practice Problem
Page 184 (31)
a. [kaamaj] son [no] my [pom] their
[ki] house [po] his [m]/[um] (plural marker)
[taana] blanket [ʔo] your (sg.) [huukapi] pipe
[peew] wife [ʔom] your (pl.) [tʃam] our
b. Yes, the allomorphs are phonologically conditioned.
c. [um] after a consonant; [m] after a vowel