line sensors for distribution automation · ©tav networks, inc. 2017 31. product comparison...
TRANSCRIPT
Line Sensors for Distribution Automation: Practical Deployment, Data Collection and Use Cases
TAV Networks, Dayton Power & Light, and Pacific Gas & Electric
UU Course 202 - January 30, 2017Distributech 2017
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 1
InstructorsJoe Tavormina
• Comms&SensorsSystems:TAVNetworks,Inc.
Jeff Teuscher
• DistributionOpsManager:DaytonPower&Light
Stan Thompson
• PilotOperations:PacificGas&ElectricCompany
Jared Hafer
• DeploymentProjectManager:PacificGas&ElectricCompany©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 2
Schedule 08:00 – Introduction to Line Sensors and Use Cases (15 minutes, Joe Tavormina)
08:15 –The Role of Line Sensors in Utility Operations (15 minutes, Jeff Teuscher)
08:30 – Theory and Operation of Line Sensors (30 minutes, Joe Tavormina)
09:00 – Use Case 1: Bracketing Fault Location (30 minutes, Stan Thompson)
09:30- Use Case 2: Calculating Fault Location (30 minutes, Stan Thompson)
10:15 – Break (15 minutes)
10:15 – Use Case 3: Asset Management (15 minutes, Jeff Teuscher)
10:30 – Use Case 4: Power Quality Investigation (15 minutes, Jeff Teuscher)
10:45 – Use Case 5: Vegetation Management (15 minutes, Joe Tavormina)
11:00 – Planning and Executing a Deployment Project (45 minutes, Jared Hafer)
11:45 – Q&A (15 minutes)
12:00 – End
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 3
Content• Line Sensors: in Distribution Automation
• Line Sensors: Operations and Communication• Current and Voltage sensing• Power harvesting, consumption, and management• Radio communications
• Deployment: Practical Aspects • Data management in today’s world of growing network security
requirements• Use of Line Sensor data in today’s utility operations environment• Streamlining data presentation for system operators
• Based on real world Line Sensor projects at PG&E and DP&L©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 4
Purpose• ProvideattendeesabasisforplanningandexecutingLineSensorprojects• ReviewintendedbusinessbenefitsneededtojustifyLineSensorprojects• Discussrisksthatarelikelytobeencounteredduringprojectexecution• Discussintegrationintoexistingutilityoperationalprocessesandapplicationofdatareceivedfromlinesensors
• Sharereal-worldchallengesexperiencedandlessonslearnedinprojectsat:
• PacificGas&ElectricCompanyinCalifornia(PG&E)• DaytonPowerandLight(DP&L)inOhio
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 5
Objectives• After taking this course the participant will be familiar with:
• ThepracticaluseanddeploymentofLineSensors• BusinessbenefitsthatcanrealizedusingLineSensors• Sensordatamanagement,theuseofcellularandmeshradionetworks,radiocoverage,andoperationunderlowpowerconditions
• PlanningforbothphysicaldeploymentandITintegration• “Lessonslearned”fromfielddeploymentsatPG&E&DP&L
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
• Be ready to mastermind a deployment project:
6
Introduction to Line Sensors and Use CasesJoeTavormina
7
Line Sensor ExamplesOverhead Underground
TollgradeSentientEnergy
Eaton
PG&EExperimentalVoltageSagMonitor
SurfaceOperableVaultInstallation
PadMountInstallationOverheadInstallation
Grid-Sentry©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 8
UseCasesandBusinessBenefitsUse Case BusinessBenefits
FaultDetection,Location,andRapidRestoration• Readilyidentifiableandimmediatebenefits• DirectimpactonCAIDIandSAIDImetrics• Faultbracketing• High-precisioncalculatedfaultlocation
• Morerapidpowerrestoration• Moreefficientuseofrestorationresources• Improvementsinoutageperformance• Potentialdetectionofhigh-impedancefaults
PowerQualityMonitoring• ImmediateuseasanDistributionPlanningtool• Potentialuseasadynamicfeedbackmechanism
• DatasourceforDMSanddatahistorian
AssetManagement• CostsavingsinOperationsandMaintenance• Inexpensiveformofsubstationautomation
• Situationalawarenessalongextentofdistributionlines
• VerificationofRecloseroperation• VerificationofCapBankintegrity
VegetationManagement• Experimentalatthistime– requiresnewanalytics • Condition-basedvegetationmanagement
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 9
Adoption Decision 1: Cellular or Mesh Network?• CellularNetwork(Verizon,AT&T,Sprint,etc.):
• Radiocoverage(reliabilityfromwithinpadmountcover?)• Long-termnetworksupport(2G,3G,4G,LTE,etc.)• Operationalcostforbandwidthconsumption
• MeshNetwork(SSN,Cisco,Itron,etc.900MHz):• Radiocoveragetobattery-backedRadioRelaybackhauldevice• LatencyandTrafficCapacityinamulti-hopmeshnetwork• Capitalcostfornetworkdeployment
• Other:• SatelliteCommunications(“Satcom”)• Wi-Fi
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 10
Adoption Decision 2: IT Strategy for Head End?• UseCase
• Setsrequirements
• OperatorInterface• UseofExistingand/orAdditionalGUI?
• DataRepository• DMS,PiHistorian,SCADA,orother?
• DataCenter• In-HouseorHosted?• SecurityMandates
PG&EITDesignforTollgradeLineSensorPilotDeployment©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 11
The Role of Line Sensors in Utility OperationsJeffTeuscher
12
Sensor Roles on the Distribution System• Faultlocationandmagnituderecording• Reducefieldpatrollingtolocationcausesoflineoutages• Powerqualitydatacanbecapturedandanalyzedtopredictfutureequipmentfailurethroughdatatrending
• Fieldequipmentmonitoring– lowercostalternative• Sensorsprovidemanydatapointsfordistributionsystemtoanalysis• Circuitbalancingtools• EngineeringPlanningtoolsforquickaccesstolineloading• Alertsonreversepowerflows• Voltagesensing
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 13
Asset Management Functions• Allowassetstobemonitoredreal-time• Trackequipmentoperationstodecidemaintenancecycles• Powerqualitydatacanbecapturedandanalyzedtopredictfutureequipmentfailurethroughdatatrending
• SensordatacanfeedDistributionManagementSystemsforreal-timemodelingofthedistributionsystem.Allowsforoptimizationoftheutilityassets
• Sensorscanprovidemanydatapointsforassetsystemstoanalyze• Dataiskeytobetteranalyticsandthisleadstobetterassetmanagement
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 14
Hydraulic Recloser plus Line Sensor • CostSavingsof$2000perinstallation
• HydraulicRecloser+Sensor=$2500+$1000=$3500• ElectronicRecloser=$5500
• Sensorwillalerttheoperationscenterwhenithasoperatedandwenttolockout
• Sensorwillallowfortrackingnumberofoperationsontherecloser
• Sensorwillprovidereal-timeamperagedatatounderstandloadingontherecloser
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 15
Sensors as an alternative to expensive distribution assets
• HydraulicRecloserandSensorvsElectronicRecloser• CircuitMonitoringatSubstationvsRTUandDigitalRelays• PlanningTools– SensorsMonitoringLoadvsLoadLoggerTechnology• MonitorCapacitorGroundforcurrentflow.Signalsablownfuseonthethreephasebank.
• Monitorcircuitbalanceatpointsalongthecircuit.• Potentialtouseforvegetationgrowth.Basedonsmallinterruptionorsmallcurrentfluctuations.
• Faultdetectionandreportingonthedistributionsystem
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 16
Sensors as Circuit Monitors at Substations• SubstationsthatdonothaveanRTUinstalledtoday.• Sensorswillbedeployedoneachcircuitleavingthesubstation.• Circuitmonitoringcanbeachievedatmuchreducedcost.SensorsareApproximately$3500percircuitinstalled.
• RTUwithcommunicationsisapproximately$50k- $75kbeforedigitalrelaysareinstalled.
• Sensorallowscircuitloading,alertwhencircuithasoperated,aggregateofcircuitloadsprovidestransformerloading.
• Sensorsaremonitoringonly,whereasRTUprovidescontrolatthesubstation.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 17
Sensors as Planning Tools• Sensors=$1000each– LoadLoggersare$1600each
• Sensorsprovidedatanearreal-timeloaddatatotheengineers
• Sensorsdon’tneedbatteries• LoadLoggersneedtobeinstalledforaperiodoftimeandthenremovedtoretrievethedata
• Loadloggerneedssoftwaretodownloaddata• Sensorsuppliesdatatoutilitysystemofchoice
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 18
Theory and Operation of Line SensorsJoeTavormina
19
Line Sensors provide most business benefits for a fraction of the cost
• Easeofinstallation• EaseofintegrationintoADMS,SCADAand/orHistorian• “No”batteriesincluded• Noneedtorolltruckstoreadsubstationloads.Canbecollectedwiththesensors.
• Abilitytocapturefaultcurrentevents.Magnitudeandduration.• Abilitytoprovideconductorlinetemperature– DynamicLinerating.• Monitorneutralcurrentatcapacitorbanks– largecurrentsshowcapacitorhasblownonephaseofthe3Φ bank.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 20
Current Measurement• BasedonRogowskicoil• SplitringpermitsinstallationonDistributionLine
Reference:EEPublishers,July2016,“Rogowskicoilsinsmarttransformer
monitoring”
Reference:Weiku.comTollgradeLightHouseMVCurrentSensor ©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 21
Voltage Measurement• Directvoltagemeasurementat>12KVisexpensive,andcanposesafetyrisks
• Example:TollgradeMVPowerSensor
• Directvoltagemeasurementontransformersecondarycanserveasaproxy
• Examples:PG&EVSM,QNALineWatch
TollgradeLightHouseMVPowerSensor
QinetiQ-NALineWatch
PG&EVoltageSagMonitor
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 22
Line Sensor Data Collection• EventDriven• Periodicmeasurements
• Daily/hourly• Interval• Perphase• Current/EMF(Voltage)
• Other• PhaseIdentification(Automatic?Needsregionalmasterreferenceunit)
• Localreadingsfromfieldmeasurements• Head-endsetting/configuration
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
CellularorMeshNetworkbackhaul:◦ Verizon,AT&T,Sprint,etc.◦ SSN,Cisco,Itron,etc.(900MHz)
Phaseanglemeasurements:◦ Seevoltageandcurrentwaveformsnotinphase
◦ Takecorrectiveaction(capacitors/inductors)
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Example of Sensor Data on 4kV Circuit
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
7 Days24
Configuring Set Points and Alarms• DNP3points/mapping?
• IdentifywhatisdeliveredtoDMS• ONLYfaultdata?(Minimalalerts)• Currentload,phaseimbalance,communicationsstatus,temperature,locationchangesandmoreareallconfigurabletosendalertstoDMS
• (verynoisy/falsepositives)
• Matchingknowntripsettings?• Existingprotectivedevicesettings• Feeder/device/loadspecific• Distributionengineerknowledge
• Outagetimers?• Definesensortimertoallowforprotectivedevicestooperate• Typically~60secondsforrecloserstoattempt3
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 25
Communication Performance Factors• RadioNetworkCoverage
• OverheadDistribution• UndergroundDistribution• StatisticalModeling
• PowerConsumption• QualityofService
• Availability• TransmissionLatency• Capacity• ReconnectionTime
• CostFactors• CapitalExpenditure• OngoingDataTransmission• RelativeDeploymentCosts AntennaGainisoneofmanyfactorsthat
affectsCommunicationPerformance©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 26
Overhead Communications• Radiocoverageimprovesby~5dBvs.groundcoverageattypical30-ftlineheight
RFSignalLevelatPotentialLSLocations MeasuredRFPathLossagreeswithstatisticalpredictions
ThisRFTestRigwasusedtoconfirmRF
CoverageatpotentialLineSensor
deploymentlocations
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 27
Underground Communications• Radiocoveragediminishes by5-35dBvs.groundcoveragedependingonlocalconditions
• Earthgrade• Compositeormetallicvaultcovers?
• Specialproblemsincludeflooding
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 28
Inductive Power Harvesting
• ApplicableforCurrentLineSensors• PrimaryCurrentRequirements?
• 6-12ampsfor“normal”functionality• Typicallyemploysupercapacitors• NOTbatteries
• 3-6ampsminimumloadtooperatein“lowpowermode”• Differentlevelsoffunctionalityinlowpower?• Maynotcapturewaveformsinthismode• Maynotbeabletoqueryhistoricaldata
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 29
Power Harvesting Limitations
Debrisinthemagneticjawpreventedthislinesensorfromproperlyharvestingpowerandrechargingits
battery
10Amps
0.2Watts
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 30
Establishing Deployment Guidelines• “RulesofThumb”fordeployment
• OptimalspacingofOverheadmeshradiorelays• AnticipatedreliabilityofOverheadCellularDatacomms• FeasibilityofUndergroundCellularDatacomms
• “FirstPass”networkdesignobjectives• 95.0%or99.5%coverage,andatwhatcost?• CoveragegoalsforPilotDeploymentprojectsmaydiffer
• PowerHarvestingLimitations• Averagecurrentatdesiredlocation
• Pre-installationNetworkDesign/FieldSurveyprocess
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 31
Product ComparisonTollgrade Sentient Eaton Grid-Sentry
Product LightHouseMV MM3 GridAdvisorII GS-200
FaultIndication Yes Yes Yes YesCurrentMeasurement Average Average/Max/Min Nominal/Fault Average/Max/MinRMSCurrentRange 3or6- 600A 6or12- 800A 3- 600A 10- 1000AMaxVoltage 69KV 90KV 69KV 138KVHarmonicsMeasurement Np Yes No NoWaveformCapture Yes Yes No YesRadioCommunications Cellular,WiFi Cellular,Mesh,WiFi Cellular Cellular,Mesh,WiFiSCADAInterface SMSorDNP3 DNP3 DNP3 DNP3OperationalTempRange -40to+60C -40to+85C -40to+85C -40to+65CWeight 6lbs. 6.5lbs. 2.5lbs. 3.5lbs.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 32
Bracketing Fault LocationStanThompson
33
PG&E Company Profile
• PacificGasandElectricCompanyincorporatedinCaliforniain1905basedinSanFrancisco.
• PrimaryBusiness:Thetransmissionanddeliveryofenergy.PGEemploysapproximately20,000people.
• Goal:EstablishthebestoperatingUtilitiesintheU.S.Achievethefirstquartile
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 34
PG&E Company Profile (continued)• ServiceareastretchesfromEurekainthenorthtoBakersfieldinthesouth,andfromthePacificOceaninthewesttotheSierraNevadaintheeast
• 141,215circuitmilesofelectricdistributionlinesand18,616circuitmilesofinterconnectedtransmissionlines
• 42,141milesofnaturalgasdistributionpipelinesand6,438milesoftransportationpipelines
• 5.4millionelectriccustomeraccounts• 4.3millionnaturalgasaccounts
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 35
PG&E Business Benefits from Line Sensors
1. Reducecostofoutageresponse
2. Increasedsystemreliability
3. Assessmentoflinesensorcapabilities
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Linesensorsareamodern,cost-effectivealternativetoanalogdevicesfordetectingandlocatingelectricdistributionlinefaults,whilealsoprovidingsignificantadditionaloperationalbenefits.
36
PG&E Line Sensor Use Cases • Fasteroutagerestoration
• “Narrowdown”thelocationofafault• Reduceoutageresponsetime
• Providemoreaccuratecurrentflowinformationtooperatorsandengineers
• Providemoreaccuratecurrentflowtoengineerstosupportbetterplanningofthedistributionsystem
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 37
Missing PiecesNoexistingsystemsthatcanutilizethebestofallexistingsystemsand
stillprovideinexpensiveinstantaneouscommunication
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 38
Currently In-Use Isolated Systems
GIS– GeographicInformationSystem
• EvolvedoveralongtimeperiodatPG&E
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 39
Current Isolated Systems (continued)
FLISR– FaultLocation,IsolationandServiceRestoration(FLISR)• Distributionautomationapplicationthatnetworksgroupsofswitchesonafeedertovastlyimprovethereliabilityofutilitydeliveredpowerby“localizing”outages.
OMS– OutageManagementSystem• Onlytracksliveissues,onceresolved,theyaregone.Rowbaseddatabase.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 40
Current Isolated Systems (continued)
ILIS– OutageTrackingTool• Slowtoupdateandcumbersometofollow.Historicaloutlineofeventsaftertheyhavehappenedandhavebeenresolved.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 41
Current Isolated Systems (continued)DMS– DataManagementSystem
• Operatorscanseeiconswhencallscomeinandthepowergrid,buttheydon’tknowwheretheoutageisandoftendispatchT-Mento20-40milesofpowerlinestocheckitout.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 42
Line Sensors Are New & Must Integrate With Existing Processes
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 43
PG&E DTOC• TheDTOChousedtheLineSensorPilotOperationsTeam
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 44
PG&E Decided to Create a Distribution Technology Ops Center (DTOC)
• NewDepartment• DefinedRolesforparticipatingengineers
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 45
Line faults were actively monitored and reported during the pilot project
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 46
PG&E Line Sensor Pilot Project Timeline• 2014
• DTOCevaluatedaboutadozenLineSensorproductsfromvariousmanufacturers
• 2015• DTOCchose2overheadand1undergroundvendorforthepilotdeployment• Midyear,DTOCsuccessfullydeployedover1,300overheadlinesensorsonover200feederswithbothcellularandMeshtechnologies.
• 2016• DTOCdeployedover30undergroundcellularlocationsin2016,andover30rurallocationstoinvestigatesecondaryusecases
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 47
What were the Real Issues during the Pilot?
• Logisticalissuesofdeployingandinstallinglinesensors• ITIntegration– Eachdatabasehasit’sownsetofrequirements• CaptureDatafromthelinesensors– Whowillreceive&monitorthedata?Interpretdatafromfield- Reporttherightdatatotherightparty
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 48
Pilot uncovered who really cared about Line Sensors
1. ProgramSponsor2. Dispatcher3. FieldCrews4. EOCTeams
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 49
Line Sensor Project Metrics - Outage Benefit Analysis MethodologyCreatetheOutageReportCard:
• ILISReportandOISOutageReport(RawData)forsustainedoutages.
Filterouteventswithnopossiblebenefits:• Planned/crewrequestedoutages• Transmissionline/substation/sourcesideoutages• Eventswithabnormalswitching/FLISR• Non-mainlineoutages(fuses/transformers)• NolinesensorsbeyondarecloserorSCADAswitch
Answerfivequestionsregardingthoseoutageswithpotentialbenefits:• Didthelinesensorsbehaveproperly?• Wasthereaswitchingoperationavailable?• Weredispatchdirectivesavailable?• WasCFL(CalculatedFaultLocation)dataavailable?• WouldtheCFLdatahaveprovidedadditionaldispatchdirectives?
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 50
The kickoff for line sensor hardware installationIdentifythesitelocations
• Cellularcoverage?Mesh?• Meshischeapertooperate
Createtheplan/schedulefordeliveryandinstallation
CoordinatewithVendors,createpurchaseordertoreceiveinventory
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 51
Circuit Map Change Sheet• Oncethesitesare
qualifiedandselected,aCircuitMapChangeSheetwasapprovedbytheengineerinordertoinstalladeviceonthepowerline
• ThissheetgivestheT-linemantheauthoritytoinstallthedeviceandthelocationatwhichtobeinstalled.
• ThereisinformationneededfromtheT-linemantoberecordedthatneedstogobacktotheoperationsteam.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 52
Inventory Master ListWhenaCMCSsheetisreceived,allofthedatafromtheT-linemanmustberecordedtobeabletoproducestatisticsandtogetthedevicesuploadedintotheirrespectivedatabases.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 53
Enter device deployment data into Vendor Head Ends (Tollgrade)WhentheCMCScomesbackfromthefield,thedatareceivedneedstobeenteredintothevendorspecificheadendsothattheuntilwillbegintoworkandcollectdata.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 54
Enter device deployment data into Vendor Head Ends (Sentient)
WhentheCMCScomesbackfromthefield,thedatareceivedneedstobeenteredintothevendorspecificheadendsothattheuntilwillbegintoworkandcollectdata.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 55
Inventory Record was captured in GISWhenadeviceisinstalledonthegrid,thedeviceinformationneedstobeuploadedintotheGISdatabaseinventoryrecord.TheGISwillpushthedataintotheDMSservertocreatethelocationinfo.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 56
An IT specialist on the project team was responsible for planning Data Flow
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 57
Remember this slide?
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 58
PI Historian served as the link to the Line Sensor devices and data
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 59
Loading Data as displayed via PI Data Link
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 60
Other examples of engineering data from Pi Historian
Communicationissues
Lowpowerissues
Faultycircuits
Outages©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 61
PG&E selected 7 DNP3 points for common status reporting for all Line Sensors
• DataPointName
• LossOfCurrent
• HighCurrentStatus
• PermanentFault
• MomentaryFault
• LineDisturbance
• SagFault
• SurgeFault
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 62
• Tollgrade• FaultCurrent(a)• HighCurrent(a)• HighCurrentStatus(b)• LineDisturbance(b)• LineDisturbanceCurrent(a)• LossOfCurrent(b)• MomentaryFault(b)• MomentaryFaultCurrent(a)• PermanentFault(b)• PowerFactor(a)• RMSCurrent(a)• SagDipsExceedingThresh(a)• SagFault(b)• SurgeDipsExceedingThresh(a)• SurgeFault(b)
• Sentient– CurrentDirection(b)– FaultAlert(b)– FaultThresholdCurrent(a)– LossofCommunication(b)– LossofServiceAlert(b)– LossofVoltageAlert(b)– RMSCurrent(a)
Note:faultclassificationlogicintheDMS
DNP Points were mapped into PI Historian (vendor specific)
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 63
CMCS
GIS DMS
HeadEnd
CommunicationServer
Concentrator
InventorySensorMasterList
HeadEndEntry
EIEnterpriseIntegration
PIConnectorPIServerPIInterface
ProvisioningTaskListLineSensors
DNPIndex IT
HeadEndHeadEndHeadEndHeadEnds
Provisioning Task List was Complex!
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 64
415DCLocations:
DiagnosticsCenter
7PendingGISUploadEATONCOOPER:1TOLLGRADE:5
SENTIENTCELL:1
36NewLocations:
HeadendIntegrationinprocess;GISawaiting
receipt.
332PILocations:STAMI:106TOLLG:228
408GISLocations:EC:56
STAMI:107STCELL:12TOLLG:233
83NOT inPI
EATONCOOPER:57SENTIENTCELL:13SENTIENTAMI:1TOLLGRADE:12
168DMSLocations:
ALLTOLLGRADE
164NOT inDMS
SENTIENTAMI:106TOLLGRADE:58
Task List Status Tracking was also Complex
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 65
Final Product: Distribution Operators viewed Line Sensor status via DMS
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 66
• Onelinesensorsymbolperlocation(3sensors)displayedintheDMS• Select“LineSensorDisplay”optionintherightclickmenuoffaLineSensorsymboltoaccessreporteddata
• “NOCOM”tagnexttosymbolwhenLScommunicationslost
Normal• Orange=NoFault(default)
Faulted• BlinkingCyan=PermanentFault
Symbols in the DMS
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 67
RightclickonaLSsymbolandlaunchtheLineSensorDisplayto
seeitsdata
DMS example showing multiple Line Sensors
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 68
AnimatedSymbolsinDMSleadtofaultedzone
LSdata
SelectingaLSnamewilllocateitintheDMSmapandshowLoading
Databelow
Line Sensor Display after a Right-Click
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 69
Live DMS Display of LS Data1.SingleLine
Diagram
3.LoadingDataof
selectedLS
2.OperationalData
3devicesperlocation
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 70
Single Line Diagrams
• TheSingleLineDiagram(SLD)isusedasareferencetoindicatethelocationsofLSonthefeederinrelationshiptotheprotectivedevices
• LScorrelatewithrowsinthetablebelowthediagram• LSareshownasgraydiamonds(notanimated)intheSLD• Substationandprotectivedevicesareshownasredsymbols
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 71
Operational Data Table
• PerLSLocation:• Feeder– NameoffeederwhereLineSensorisinstalled• LineSensor– NameofLSlocation(OperationName)
• PerLSDevice:• PhaseID– LabelassociatedwithaLSdeviceatagivenlocationonthefeeder.Linesensorsareinstalledintriplets,e.g.,LS100254_1on“A”,LS100254_2on“B”,LS100254_3on“C”.
• LastLoadingData– LatestofperiodicallycollectedRMSCurrentvalues(e.g.,@15min)fromassociatedLS
• Status– CommunicationandPowerstatusofLS(detailsfollow)• Fault– detailsoffaultsreportedbytheLS(detailsfollow)
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 72
Status
Status
• Com– communicationsstatusofLSdevice• Blank=CommunicatingOK• “NOCOM”=LShasnotcommunicatedfor75minutesorlonger.Alldatacellswillshowasgraytext
• “NOTCOMMISIONED”=LSispresentintheDMSbutPIdatahasnotyetbeencommissioned.ThisisatemporarystatefornewlyinstalledLSwhilecommissioningisinprogress.Alldatacellswillbeblank
• Power• ON=AssociatedLSisenergized• OFF=notenergized
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 73
Fault Data
Fault
• PermanentFault• Fault=ColorcodeindicatingthepresenceofasustainedfaultreportedbyLSdevice(Orange=NoFault;BlinkingCyan=Fault;Gray=Statusunknown(whendevicenotcommunication))
• FaultCurrent=ValueandTimestampoflatestreportedpermanentfault
• MomentaryFault• FaultCurrent=ValueandTimestampoflatestreportedpermanentfault
Notice: Fault Current values older than 24 hours show as gray text; recent values as black
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 74
Loading Data
• RMSCurrenthistoricdatatrendofselectedLS(indicatedbyredrectangularframe)isshownbelowthetable
• Mouse-overthegraphforRMSvaluesataspecifictime• Selectgraphsectiontozoomin
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 75
Summary of Data Products from Project• 10minReportCards
• Operators• Engineers• T-Men
• MorningHealthChecktomakesuredevicesareonline• ReportingToolsformanagement
• Appshowingvariousmetric–periodicperformancereportschedulebased
• Determining“UpTime”
• SpecialAnalysis• Warriorsgame
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 76
Line Sensors on Warriors Stadium Feeders
• 6locationsestablishedonOaklandJ1110and1103feeders
• Loadvalueslooknormalandconsistent.• NoeventsfromLineSensordata.• Investigatingoutofphaseononesensor.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 77
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 78
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 79
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 80
EGTDiagnosticCenterOaklandArena- LineSensorMonitoring
OaklandJ1110
AthleticsVS.TigersMay29th
Peak161Amps
AthleticsVS.TwinsMay31th225PeakAmps
• 7locationsonactivepowerfeedstotheStadiummonitoringtheWarriorsgame• Loadvalueslooknormalandconsistent(peakingatgametimes)• NosuspecteventsfromLineSensordata
Game7WarriorsVS.Thunder18:00
AthleticsVS.Twins13:05May30th218PeakAmps
AthleticsVS.TigersMay27th
Peak221Amps
Game6WarriorsVS.Thunder18:00
AthleticsVS.Tigers
May28thPeak215Amps
Game5WarriorsVS.Thunder18:00
May26thPeak196Amps
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 81
Tollgrade
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Sample of Wave Form from Head End
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Value added use cases for Engineers:• Failingequipment
• Capbanks,transformers,orunreliablemetering
• Balancetheloadbetweenthephases• Realtimecurrentreadings
LowcostsubstitutetoSCADA• DistributedGeneration
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 84
Characteristic Waveforms
FuseOperation
CapBankoperationCablejointfault/Splice
LoadSwitching
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
CFL
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 86
DG reports
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Calculating Fault LocationStanThompson
88
First Let’s Define CFL: The Broad Definition
TraditionalCFL(TCFL):• Calculationoffaultlocationbasedsolelyondata
collectedatsubstationusingVoltage/Currentreadings.• AnexampleofhowtodothisusesCYME
ComprehensiveCFL(CCFL):• Calculationoffaultlocationisbasedon:
• Voltageandcurrentmeasurementsmadeatthesubstation
• Currentmeasurementmadeontheprimaryofthedistributionline(LineSensors)
• Voltagemeasurementsmadeontransformersecondariesalongthedistributionline.(VoltageSagMonitors)
CalculatedFaultLocationisanattempttodeterminethelocationofafaultwithinseveralpolespans
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Traditional Calculated Fault Location (TCFL)OurExperiencetoDate
TCFLcalculatesthenumberofwire-milestothefaultlocationusingCYMEcalculationvoltageandcurrentdatacollectedatthesubstation
ActualFault
Location
IndicatedFaultLocations
TypicalResultUsingSubstationCFL
Strengths:• Usesdataalreadyavailable
fromlinereclosersandsubstationrelaysandalternativetolargelinesensorrollout
• Reasonablejobofcalculatingthedistance
Shortcomings:• Identifiesmultiplepotential
locations– numerouslocationsdonotleadtomeaningfulbenefit
• Errorsareoftenintroducedduetoimprecisemodelingassumptions©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Original Visualization of CYME Analysis
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
New Visualization of CYME Analysis
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Results: Bracketing of a Fault Location Using Line Sensors
PossibleFaultLocation
ActualFault
Substation 1234
LS100128@ SW 4223
30.5
R4676
SCADA LS100146
@ SW 4115
40S9267SS 9273
R4068
SCADA
R4782
SCADA
SensorLocation Date/Time SensorName Phase RMSCurrent40 5/18/201617:12 LS100146_1 A 150440 5/18/201617:13 LS100146_3 B 27640 5/18/201617:12 LS100146_2 C 1447
InthisexampletheLineSensorsbracketthe
faulttothetopbranch.
LineSensorsbracketafaultlocation.LineSensorsprovideloadingdataforswitchingandcapacityplanningdecisions.Strengths:• Easytoinstall&tounderstandfaultlocation
information• Reasonablejobofcalculatingthedistance• PotentiallyprovidesadditionaldataforCCFLmodel• Providesdataforswitchingandcapacityplanning
Shortcomings:• Willnotworkwithlowcurrent• 10xthecostofnon-communicatingfaulted
circuitindictors(FCI)
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Bracketing of a Fault Location Using Line Sensors
PossibleFaultLocation
ActualFault
Hollister 2104
LS100128@ SW 4223
30.5
R4676
SCADA LS100146
@ SW 4115
40S9267SS 9273
R4068
SCADA
R4782
SCADA
SensorLocation Date/Time SensorName Phase RMSCurrent40 5/18/201617:12 LS100146_1 A 150440 5/18/201617:13 LS100146_3 B 27640 5/18/201617:12 LS100146_2 C 1447
InthisexampletheLineSensorsbracketthe
faulttothetopbranch.
LineSensorsbracketafaultlocation.LineSensorsprovideloadingdataforswitchingandcapacityplanningdecisions.
Strengths:• Easytoinstall&tounderstandfaultlocation
information• Reasonablejobofcalculatingthedistance• PotentiallyprovidesadditionaldataforCCFLmodel• Providesdataforswitchingandcapacityplanning
Shortcomings:• Willnotworkwithlowcurrent• 10xthecostofnon-communicatingfaultedcircuit
indictors(FCI)
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
ShortcomingsNecessitateMovingfromTCFLtoCCFL
FillingtheGapwithVSMs:1. ReducethenumberofpotentiallocationsfromTCFL2. ImprovetheaccuracyofthemodeledlineimpedancesinTCFL3. ProvidesensordatainlocationswhereLSisnotpractical
TCFLShortcomings
• Estimatesafaultdistancefromsubstationbutdoesn'tdeterminewhichbranchthefaultison(andtherecanbemany)• Modelingassumptionsarenotpreciseandcanleadtoerrorsinprediction• Lackofcurrentmeasuringdevices?
LSShortcomings
• LineSensorsdeterminewhetherthefault/currentpassedtheirparticularlocationhoweverthismaynotlocalizetheactualfaultlocation.• Theydon’tworkfardownthelineduetolackofcurrent,
• Cannotinstallifwireistoosmall,moreexpensiveinstallation• LineSensorspreciselymeasurethecurrent;butcannotmeasurethevoltage
The “Calculation Gap” that led to use of Voltage Sag Monitors
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Voltage Sag Monitors Monitors Help Fill The Gap
• VSMspreciselymeasurethevoltagethatlinesensorscannot• Thefindingsthusfarindicatethatvoltagesagmonitorshaveaplace&thereismuchmorepotentialforleveragingdata
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Our Experience to Date with VSM• VoltageSagMonitorsthatmeasureandreportvoltagedropduringfaultevents
• AdditionalVSMsensorcomplementsaforementioned• Supplementsthecalculationforfaultlocation.
ThemeasuredRMSvoltageduringthefaultevent,whencombinedwiththeVSM
installationlocationalongthedistributionline,canbeusedto
predictthefaultlocation
VoltageSag
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Using Comprehensive Data to Pinpoint CCFL
Hollister 2104
LS100128@ SW 4223
30.5
R4676
SCADA LS100146
@ SW 4115
40S9267SS 9273
R4068
SCADA
R4470
SCADA
V
4ad69323.8%
V
4ad69299.7%
V
4ad69b10.9%
V
4acbb449.3%
V
4ad64791.9%
R4782
SCADA
R41808SCADA
V
4ad64620.6%
FaultLocationUsing:1. SubstationCFLAlone2.TCFLplusLineSensors3.TCFL,LS,plusVoltageSag
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
VSM Conclusions: More “Bang for the Buck”• VSMscanbedeployedallthewaytotheendofthefeeder
• VSMsmakeCFLaccurate
• VSMsprovidepowerqualityandvoltagedataimportantforDG
• AugmentationofTraditionalCFLwithVSMconvertsa“nice-to-know”applicationtoamission-criticalbenefitforoperators
• PGEfoundvalueusingthevoltagesagmonitors
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
VSM Relationship to Smart Meters• Weinstalled5Msmartmeters.
• CantheyfulfillthefunctionofaVSM?Yes...Inprinciple,butthereisno“quickfix.”Time,moneyandresearchwillbenecessary.
• SMaremissioncritical– billing– wouldrequirehardwareimplications&thiswouldbeamanyyearprocess.
VSMsareimmediatelyapplicable©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
BothTraditionalCFL&LineSensorshadshortcomingsthatcanbemitigatedwithuseofVSMs
Recommendations
• VSMsareacostattractivesolutiontosolvingtheCCFLpuzzle;(ofoursolutionsthisisalowercostapproach.
• VSMfunctionmaybeincludedinaSmartMeterfunctioninthefuturebutthatisalongwayoff.
• VSMsprovideasolutionforneartermCCFLefforts.
• VSMrolloutwillpayforitselfquickly&willfilltheneedduringtheyearsitwill taketodevelopSmartMeterimplementation
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
102
• WhatworkedforPG&Eisacombinationoflinesensors,CFL,voltagemonitorsandexistinginfrastructure,resultinginthedisseminationofcrucialinformationwithin10minutes
Conclusions
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
BREAK(15 minutes)
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 103
Asset ManagementJeffTeuscher
104
DP&L OverviewServingtheRegionforOver100Years
• 6,000squaremilesin24countiesinOhio
• 1,400employees• Generation• CustomerServiceOperations• FieldOperations
• DP&LisanAEScompany• IndianapolisPower&LightissisterAEScompany
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 105
AES, A Fortune 200 Global Energy Company
• 17countriesacross4continents• 35gigawatts(GW)ofgeneratingcapacity
• 7 utilitycompaniesincluding8GWofgeneratingcapacity
• $15billioninannualrevenues• Aglobalworkforceofapproximately21,000people
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 106
Asset Management Function• Allowassetstobemonitoredreal-time• Trackequipmentoperationstodecidemaintenancecycles• Powerqualitydatacanbecapturedandanalyzedtopredictfutureequipmentfailurethroughdatatrending
• SensordatacanfeedDistributionManagementSystemsforreal-timemodelingofthedistributionsystem.Allowsforoptimizationoftheutilityassets
• Sensorscanprovidemanydatapointsforassetsystemstoanalyze• Dataiskeytobetteranalyticsandthisleadstobetterassetmanagement
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 107
Line Sensors - an alternative to expensive distribution assets
• HydraulicRecloserandSensorvsElectronicRecloser• CircuitMonitoringatSubstationvsRTUandDigitalRelays• PlanningTools– SensorsMonitoringLoadvsLoadLoggerTechnology
• MonitorCapacitorGroundforcurrentflow.Signalsablownfuseonthethreephasebank.
• Monitorcircuitbalanceatpointsalongthecircuit.• Potentialtouseforvegetationgrowth.Basedonsmallinterruptionorsmallcurrentfluctuations.
• Faultdetectionandreportingonthedistributionsystem
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 108
Sensor as Circuit Monitor at Substations• SubstationsthatdonothaveanRTUinstalledtoday.• Sensorswillbedeployedoneachcircuitleavingthesubstation.• Circuitmonitoringcanbeachievedatmuchreducedcost.SensorsareApproximately$3500percircuitinstalled.
• RTUwithcommunicationsisapproximately$50k- $75kbeforedigitalrelaysareinstalled.
• Sensorallowscircuitloading,alertwhencircuithasoperated,aggregateofcircuitloadsprovidestransformerloading.
• Sensorsaremonitoringonly,whereasRTUprovidescontrolatthesubstation.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 109
Sensors as Planning Tools• Sensors=$1000each– LoadLoggersare$1600each.
• Sensorsprovidedatanearreal-timeloaddatatotheengineers.
• Sensorsdon’tneedbatteries.• LoadLoggersneedtobeinstalledforaperiodoftimeandthenremovedtoretrievethedata.
• Loadloggerneedssoftwaretodownloaddata.
• Sensorsuppliesdatatoutilitysystemofchoice.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 110
Hydraulic Recloser and Sensor • CostSavingsof$2000perinstallation
• (HydraulicRecloser+Sensor=$2500+$1000=$3500• ElectronicRecloser=$5500)
• Sensorwillalerttheoperationscenterwhenithasoperatedandwenttolockout.
• Sensorwillallowfortrackingnumberofoperationsontherecloser.
• Sensorwillprovidereal-timeamperagedatatounderstandloadingontherecloser.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 111
Program at DP&L• Installalinesensoratfourlocationswithhydraulicreclosers.• Unitisinstalledontheloadsideoftherecloser.• Installationisononeruralcircuit.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 112
Circuit One-line Diagram
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 113
Data from the Sensor for Recloser Monitoring and Maintenance• Simulatecounterwithoperationsofsensor.• Loadingontherecloser•Open/closetimingoftheoperations•Totalinterruptenergyontheunit
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 114
Sensor Data Chart on 3 single phase reclosers
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 115
Power Quality MonitoringJeffTeuscher
116
Problem• LimestoneMiningOperationemployeeswerereceivingshockswhentheyweresettingchargesintothewall.
• Customercontactedtheutilityforhelponfindingtheproblemasthecustomerwasconcernedforemployeesafety.
• Two13.2GroundedYprimarymeteredservicestothemine.• Bothservicesareclosetotheutilitysubstation• CustomerrunsfourwireoverheadprimarytomultipleMV-LVtransformers.• GroundingpracticeswereMSHAnon-coal(primaryneutralbondedtosecondaryneutralandlocalearthelectrode)
• Customerthoughttheydidnotusetheneutralbutwasunsureoftheactualuseoftheneutralfortransformersandother
• CustomerwasunwillingtotakeanyoutagestoseparatephasesandneutralfromutilityforstandardNEV(neutraltoearthvoltage)test.
• Detailedinspectionofcustomerfacilitieswasoverlydifficultandexpensive
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 117
Problem Area in Mine
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 118
Circuit Map to Limestone Mine
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 119
Diagnostics/Findings• Criticaltoknowdetailsofneutralcurrentinneutralwirewithoutrequiringanoutageforthecustomeroranextensiveinspection
• TotalcurrentandcorrelationtoNEV• Amountofcurrentduetocustomerload• Amountofcurrentduetosubstationneutralreturncurrent
• PQmeteratmeteringpoint• Measuredneutralcurrentdemandedbycustomer• Measuredfrequencyspectrumofdemandedneutralcurrent• MeasuredNEV.
• Linesensor• Measuredthetotalneutralcurrent(customerdemandandsubstationreturn)• Measuredfrequencyspectrumoftotalcurrent– especiallyimportantthirdharmonic.• TrenddatawenttoPIdatahistorianforcorrelationwithPQandrevenuemeter
• NeutralcurrentandNEVatthesubstationwasdeterminedtobealmostall3rd harmonic.• Thisofferedanopportunitytofurtheridentifycurrentcontributions• Thirdharmonicwouldbesubstation• Fundamentalwouldmostlybecustomer
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 120
Line Sensor Current Chart
TSAA085228.217
TSAA0851Bad
10/20/2016 1:40:35 AM10/11/2016 4:20:35 AM 8.89 days
Plot-0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0
30 Ledtofindingcapacitorwithblownfuse
Highneutralcurrentclearedaftertreeoutage
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 121
Conclusion• NeutralcurrentmonitorsconfirmedNEVwascausedlocallyandnotbyutility
• Neutralcurrentsinrevenuemeterandlinesensorpredominantlyfundamental.• Neutralcurrentmagnitudeinrevenuemeterscloselymatchedthelinesensorcurrentmeasurement.
• NEVcorrelatedwithcurrentrecordedinPIbylinesensor.• Nooutageorextensiveinspectionwasneeded• Neutralcurrentmonitorsconfirmedfaultyequipmentononeserviceandblowncapacitorfuseontheother
• Faultyequipmenthadhighlyfluctuatingneutralcurrentandequipmentfailedwhilethelinesensorwasinservice.Linesensorconfirmedthecurrentreductionafterrepairs.
• LinesensorandPQmeteronotherserviceindicatedneutralcurrentmaybeduetocapacitor.Capacitorwaseasilylocatedanddidhaveblownfusewithotherphasesconnectedtoneutral.
• Strayvoltagewasfromthecustomerhighneutralcurrents• LightingcarriedNEVintotheminethroughtheequipmentgroundingconductorthatwasbondedtotheprimaryneutralasperMSHAandNECrequirements
• Highmoisturecontentandstrataconductivity“energized”largeareasoftheminewall.• Customernowunderstandsimportanceofverylowprimaryneutralcurrentandhasestablishedamonitoringprogram.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 122
Other PQ Sensor Charts
-2500
-2000
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
1 31 61 91 121
151
181
211
241
271
301
331
361
391
421
451
481
511
541
571
601
631
661
691
721
751
781
811
841
871
901
931
961
991
1021
1051
1081
1111
1141
1171
1201
1231
1261
1291
1321
1351
1381
SensorAmps
ValuesAmps
Potentialofanintermittentfault–Couldrepresentafailinglinearrestor
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 123
Sensor PQ – Harmonic Distortion
-200
-150
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
1 30 59 88 117
146
175
204
233
262
291
320
349
378
407
436
465
494
523
552
581
610
639
668
697
726
755
784
813
842
871
900
929
958
987
1016
1045
1074
1103
1132
1161
1190
1219
1248
1277
1306
1335
1364
1393
ValuesAmps
ValuesAmps
LinefaultandHarmonicdistortionofthecurrentwaveshape.
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 124
Sensor Data
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 125
Vegetation ManagementJoeTavormina
126
Grid Maintenance Today
• Mostlyreactive(followingoutage)• Agingassets• Decliningnumberofpersonnel• Outagesaredifficulttolocate• Rootcauseofoutageoftennotresolved
Credit:MarionTremblay,Hydro-QuebecIREQ,DistributechFebruary2016
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 127
Outages may be avoided by locating and characterizing non-persistent faults
Credit:MarionTremblay,Hydro-QuebecIREQ,DistributechFebruary2016
• Non-oxidizedconductorindicatesarecentfaultprobablycausedbyvegetation
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 128
Vegetation issues lead to financial liabilities
PG&Etopayoutatleast$350millioninButteFireclaimsByDanaM.Nicholsdana@calaverasenterprise.comNov28,2016
Almost100ofthe1,856individualswhoaresuingPacificGasandElectricCo.overlossescausedbytheButteFirehaveagreedtosettlementswiththeutilitycompanyanditscontractorTreesInc.,accordingtoacourtdocument.
AttorneysfortheplaintiffsandthedefendantssaidinajointcasemanagementstatementfiledNov.18that53householdsincluding98plaintiffsandatotalof123individuals(someofwhomwerenotnamedplaintiffs)havesettledtheirclaims.
TheButteFirethatbeganSept.9,2015,burnedmorethan70,000acresanddestroyedmorethan500CalaverasCountyhomesaswellashundredsofbarns,shedsandwellhouses.TheCaliforniaDepartmentofForestryandFireProtectionconcludedinareportissuedinAprilthatatreetrimmingcrewhiredbyPG&Efailedtoremoveagraypinethatlaterfell,contactedapowerline,andstartedthefire.
PG&E,ContractorsToPay$51MToEndCalif.WildfireSuitsBy KurtOrzeck
Law360,LosAngeles(June6,2013,8:31PMEDT)--PacificGasandElectricCo.anditscontractorshaveagreedtopay$50.5milliontosettlelitigationovertwoCaliforniawildfiresthatburnedmorethan18,000acresofnationalforestandcost$13.5milliontosuppress,theU.S.DepartmentofJusticeannouncedThursday.
TheU.S.allegesthatthedefendants'neglectcausedthePowerFireandtheWhiskeyFire,whichoccurredinOctober2004andJune2008,respectively.ThefirstfireoccurredinEldoradoNationalForestinAmadorCountyinaremotelocationneartheSaltSprings...
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 129
Assessment of non-persistent faults from Hydro-Quebec• Non-persistentfaultsrepresentupto70%offaultsindistributioncircuits
• Typicallycausedbyvegetationcontactordefectiveequipment
• Oftendeteriorateintooutages• Oftenresponsibleformanyrepetitiveunsolvedoutages
Credit:BryanTexasUtilitiesWebSite
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 130
Voltage Sag Measurements can be used to Locate Fault and Identify Cause
Reference:MarionTremblay,Hydro-QuebecIREQ,DistributechFebruary2016
• Hydro-QuebecMILESproject• Locatedandrepairedlooseconductorthatheatedandexpandedunderhighcurrentload
• Locatednon-persistent,repetitivefaultduetovegetationinpresenceofwindgusts(norain)
• PG&ELineSensorPilotproject• AddressingliabilitiesrelatedtoforestfiresinthefoothillsofEasternCalifornia
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 131
Analysis of non-persistent faults requires analytics beyond current practice
• Assetassociationsandlocation• Eventrecords• Backgroundanalysis• Notificationsmanager• e.g.SensorConnectbyTAVNetworks,Inc.
Sensor SensorManager
SensorDB
DataEvent
DATA
ACK
SaveEventData
OK Sensor
Sensor
Sensor
SensorManager
WebService
WebClient
ManagementInterface
SensorInterface
SensorData
SensorDBInterface
ConfigData
ConfigDBInterface
WebClientInterface
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 132
Potential Benefits• Reductionofoutagefrequency(upto~50%)
• ReductioninSAIDIIndex(upto~60%)
• ReductioninOutageswithUnknownCause(upto~90%)
• Avoidanceofunnecessaryinvestment(Millionsof$$$)
• Mitigationofliabilityforwildfires
Credit:AsplundhWebSite
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 133
Lessons Learned from Line Sensor Deployment ProjectsJaredHafer
134
Planning a Line Sensor Project – Scope• WhatBusinessBenefitsaredesiredfromtheLineSensorDeployment?
• Needs• Wants• Expectations
• Anticipationofscope“creep”?• Plantopreventthis“creep”?
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 135
Articulating Anticipated Business Benefits• FaultDetection,Location,andRapidRestoration
• DecreaseWindshieldTimeforTroublemenbyknowingaprecisefaultlocation• Decreasedoutagedurationsforcustomersduetofasterresponses
• PowerQualityMonitoring• Distributionplanning• Troubleshooting
• AssetManagement• CostsavingsinOperationsandMaintenance• Substationautomation
• OtherbenefitstoutilitiesfromLineSensors?
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 136
Planning a Line Sensor Project – DeploymentIdentifydeploymentlocations
• Outsidesubstation• Afterfirstrecloser• Knowntroubledareas• NoSCADAareas• ForReliabilityorPlanning?
Qualifylocations• Currentonfeeder• Radionetworkcoverage• Localconditions(i.e.insidevault?)
• FieldInspectionConfirmation
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
Installationorders/maps• Lat/long• ProtectivedeviceID• Conductorsize(2/4/6AL/CUmayneedalineguard)
• Hotstickvsrubbergloveinstall• Access/propertyissues
Installationtraining/documentation
• ProcessfordeterminingRFcoverage,linecurrent,phaseID,andlocation
• DeploymentdatamanagementLine Guard
137
Deployment Schedule Issues/Risks• Significantschedulerisksduringdeployment
• Weather- Onewouldbeshockedtolearnhowmanyofourclientsforgettoconsiderwintersnoworextremesummerheatwhenputtingtogethertheirdeploymentschedules.
• UninformedCustomers- Uninformedcustomerswillasktheirneighborsortheinternetwhatthenewdevicebeinghungontheirpowerlineis.Besuretoletcustomersknowwhatyouaredoingandwhy,sotheyareproperlyinformed.
• LegalIssues- Canadevicebeinstalledwhereitisdesired?Ispermissionneededorarerightofwayagreementsrequiredinadvanceofinstallations?
• UnreliableVendors- Whathappenswhenanequipmentvendormissesadeliverydate,orequipmentfailsinthefield?
• Howcanknownprojectrisksbemitigated?
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 138
Planning a Line Sensor Project – QA• Whatisthedeploymentsuccesscriteria?• Howwillsuccessmetricsbemonitored/tracked?• Whatprocesseswillbeputintoplacetoremediatedevicesthatarenotfunctioningproperly?
Deploymentlocationswerescreenedforcommunicationsviability.Theoneontherightwasdeemedtoorisky.©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 139
Planning a Line Sensor Project - Resources
• Whatexistingresourcesareavailableforassignmenttoproject?
• Whatadditionalresourcesneedtobeengagedfortheproject?
• Howwillhumanresourcesbemanagedfortheproject?
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 140
Planning a Line Sensor Project – IT Integration• Legacyinformationsystems
• GIS• DataHistorian• OutageManagement• DistributionManagement• SCADA
• DatarepositoryforLineSensors• Deploymentdatamanagement
• Paper-based?• Electronic?
DMS
SCADA
Gateway Supplier-SpecificHeadEnd
DNP3
VPNTermination
LineSensor Line
Sensor
LineSensor
ODN
UDN
NoProvisioningPermittedByPolicyfromwithinODN
Operators&DataUsers
One-WayDataPath
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 141
Planning a Line Sensor Project – Ops Integration
• LegacyOperationalProcesses
• NewDecisionProcesses
• PrimaryUsers• ExistingGUIs• Constraints
• ExecutiveUsers• Metrics• PeriodicReporting
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 142
Lesson Learned – IT Development• LineSensordeploymentdrives:
• Accelerationoforganizationaldecisionsregarding“AdvancedDMS”• Exposenetworksecurityconcerns• HighlightthesignificantcostassociatedwithITassetsanddevelopment
• Response:• PostponementofITIntegrationduringpilotproject• Adoptionofhostednetworkmanagementanddatacollection
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 143
Lesson Learned – Deployment Planning• LineSensordeploymentsuccessrequiresconfirmationof:
• RFCoverage• LineCurrent• PhaseIdentification• Location• LocalConditions
• Response:• FieldEngineeringisrequired• Appropriatefieldengineeringresourcesarerequired• Appropriatefieldengineeringtoolsarerequired
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 144
Lesson Learned – Deployment Data• LineSensoradoptionrequires:
• Integrationwithlegacyinformationsystems• Retoolingoflegacyoperationaldecisionprocesses
• Response:• Paper-basedprocessesareslowandtime-consuming• Installationdatacollectedonpapergetslost• Deploymentprojectplanneedsspecialconsiderationofthisproblem• Datamanagementtoolsthataddressthisproblemareneeded
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 145
Lesson Learned – Field Engineering Tools• FieldEngineeringToolsconservesignificanttimeandcostduringadeploymentproject
• LocationQualification• DeploymentDataCollection&Management
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 146
Q&A(15 minutes)
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 147
Index of AbbreviationsNLOS – Non Line Of SightODN – Operational Data NetworkOMS – Outage Management SystemPG&E – Pacific Gas & Electric CompanyRTU – Remote Terminal Unit (part of SCADA system) SCADA – Supervisory Control and Data AcquisitionUDN – Unsecured Data Network
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017
ADMS – Advanced DMSAMI – Automated Metering InfrastructureCPUC – California Public Utility CommissionDA – Distribution Automation DMS – Distribution Management SystemDNP3 – A Common Serial Communication ProtocolDP&L – Dayton Power & LightNERC-CIP – DoE Regulating Entity
148
Presenters – UU Course 202• Joe Tavormina
• Principal,TAVNetworks,Inc.• TAVNetworksisaCommunicationsandSensorCompany• Email:[email protected],Tel:(775)831-0200
• Jeff Teuscher• OperationsManager,DaytonPower&Light(DP&L)• Email:[email protected],Tel:(937)331-4090
• Stan Thompson• OperationsProjectManager(Contract),PacificGas&ElectricCompany• Email:[email protected],Tel:(775)415-1000
• Jared Hafer• DeploymentProjectManager,BaltimoreGas&Electric(Contract)• Email:[email protected],Tel:(707)415-1000
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 149
Course Evaluation
• Pleasecompetethecourseevaluation– availablefromyourcellphone!Textthe#80464withthe5digitcodeattheendoftheUUcoursetitle
• CourseCode:16564• Fillinyournametoenteradrawingtowina$100Amazongiftcard!
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 150
Thank you for AttendingUU202:LineSensorDeploymentforDistributionAutomation:Practical
Deployment,DataCollectionandUseCases(#16564)
TO DOWNLOAD A COPY OF THIS PRESENTATION VISIT WWW.TAVNETWORKS.COM/DISTRIBUTECH
©TAVNetworks,Inc.2017 151