lincosamides (pharmacology of antibiotics) - group 6 presentation
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For class presentation purposes only. Copyright @ [email protected]TRANSCRIPT
LINCOSAMIDESLINCOSAMIDES
Pharmacology Of The Antibiotic
Agents:
Submitted by: Group 6 (BSNII-BLK. 2)
Members: Gelmark Olivares
Elaine OrtizMoverick JavierBubbles Pascua
Angelina Maniquiz Raizzalyn Resane
The anti-infective drugsThe anti-infective drugsAnti-infective agents are Anti-infective agents are drugs drugs
that are designed to act that are designed to act selectively on foreign organismsselectively on foreign organisms that have invaded and infected that have invaded and infected the bodythe body
The anti-infective drugsThe anti-infective drugsAnti-infective drugs - range from Anti-infective drugs - range from AntibacterialsAntibacterials AntifungalsAntifungals AntiprotozoalsAntiprotozoals AntihelminthicsAntihelminthics Antivirals Antivirals AntimycobacterialAntimycobacterial
General Mechanisms of Action General Mechanisms of Action of anti-infective agentsof anti-infective agentsThe mechanisms are: The mechanisms are: Inhibition the biosynthesis of Inhibition the biosynthesis of
bacterial cell WALLbacterial cell WALLInhibition of protein synthesis Inhibition of protein synthesis Some change the cell membrane Some change the cell membrane
permeabilitypermeabilitySome inhibit DNA synthesisSome inhibit DNA synthesis
ExamplesExamplesCELL WALL INHIBITORSCELL WALL INHIBITORS penicillin, cephalosporin, penicillin, cephalosporin,
vancomycinvancomycin
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS PROTEIN SYNTHESIS INHIBITORSINHIBITORS
LINCOSAMIDES, LINCOSAMIDES, Macrolides, Macrolides, aminogylcosidesaminogylcosides
CELL WALL PermeabilityCELL WALL Permeability KetoconazoleKetoconazole
DNA SYNTHESIS DNA SYNTHESIS INHIBITORSINHIBITORS
QuinolonesQuinolones
Anti-infective agents can also be:Anti-infective agents can also be:Bacteriostatic - anti-infectives that interfere
with the ability of the cell to reproduce/replicate without killing them.
Examples: Erythromycin, tetracyclines, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, spectinomycin, sulfonamidesBactericidal - Antibiotics that can
aggressively cause bacterial death.Examples: Penicillins, Cephalosphorins, Metronidazole, Aminoglycosides, Vancomycin, Polymyxin
Antibiotics are made in three Antibiotics are made in three ways:ways:
1. By living microorganisms
2. By synthetic manufacture
3. Through genetic engineering
Major Classes:Major Classes:1. Aminoglycosides
2. Cephalosporins3. Fluoroquinolones4. LINCOSAMIDES
5. Macrolides6. Monobactams7. Penicillins8. Sulfonamides9. Tetracyclines
The LINCOSAMIDES
Formulation:The lincosamides, as the hydrochloride
salt, are bitter to taste, so for oral formulation they are given as the palimitate esters, or formulated in capsules. Clindamycin is given intravenously as clindamycin phosphate, which is then converted into active clindamycin within the body.
Mode of Action:bind to 50S subunit of bacterial ribosomessimilar action to macrolidesinhibit early elongation of peptide chain by
inhibiting transpeptidase reactionInhibits bacterial protein synthesis and
have bacteriostatic and bactericidal actions depending on drug doses
Resistance:alteration of target site. Similar to
resistance found in macrolides and streptogramins
enzymatic inactivation of clindamycin has been described (rare)
Pharmacodynamics:
Pharmacodynamicsbacteriostaticantagonists of macrolides and
streptogramins
These agents penetrate the cell These agents penetrate the cell membrane and bind to the ribosome membrane and bind to the ribosome in the bacterial cytoplasm to in the bacterial cytoplasm to prevent the protein productionprevent the protein production
The Mechanism of Action of Lincosamides
LINCOSAMIDES are:Effective against gram (+) bacteria –
Staphylococcus aureusNot effective against gram (-) bacteria – E.
coli, PseudomonasClindamycin is more effective than lincomycin
with minimal side effectsThese agents are similar to the Macrolides but These agents are similar to the Macrolides but
are more toxic.are more toxic.Example of Lincosamides: Clindamycin,
Lincomycin
Side effects and Adverse Side effects and Adverse ReactionsReactions
GIT- GI irritation, nausea, vomiting and GIT- GI irritation, nausea, vomiting and stomatitisstomatitis
Allergic reactions such as rashes.Allergic reactions such as rashes.Adverse: Colitis and Anaphylactic shock
Drug InteractionsDrug InteractionsLincomycin and clindamycin are Lincomycin and clindamycin are
incompatible with aminophyline, incompatible with aminophyline, phenytoin, barbiturates and ampicillin. phenytoin, barbiturates and ampicillin.
Nursing Interventions
1.) Obtain sample from infected area for C & S (Culture & Sensitivity). Start antibiotic after lab results are obtained
2.) Monitor VS, Urine Output and Lab Values
Take the oral drugs with foodTake the oral drugs with foodEvaluate the liver test, kidney test and CBCEvaluate the liver test, kidney test and CBCInstitute safety measuresInstitute safety measures
Health Teaching
Take Full course of the antibiotic. Drug compliance should be emphasized
Instruct to report side effects or any adverse effects mentioned.