Limestone Scenery

Firstly, the processes that shape limestone scenery

1) Freeze-Thaw

2) Carbonation

3) Solution

4) Acid Rain

5) Hydrolisis

6) Oxidation

Carbonation• Rainwater contains carbon dioxide which

produces a weak carbonic acid

• This acid reacts with rocks composed of calcium carbonate especially limestone.

• This process causes the limestone to dissolve

• It is later removed in solution

• The process causes distinctive landscapes

Solution

• This is when a substance, in this case limestone, has been dissolved into a liquid.

Oxidation

• This occurs when the minerals in the limestone take up some of the oxygen which has dissolved, and causes rocks to crumble.

Acid Rain

• Human activity has resulted in more carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxide in the atmosphere.

• These gases then form acids in solution in rainwater

• The acid rain attacks some rocks, especially limestone and sandstone.

Hydrolisis

• This is when the hydrogen contained in the rainwater reacts with the limestone, causing it to breakdown.