Liliana Rogozea

AArtificial intelligence rtificial intelligence

Liliana Rogozea

Human intelligence Human intelligence –– Artificial intelligence Artificial intelligence

• an interesting challengean interesting challenge – to develop a software for helping us to take the to develop a software for helping us to take the

best decisions, best decisions, – iit could be inefficient and not enough powerful,t could be inefficient and not enough powerful,

• can’t appreciate all aspectscan’t appreciate all aspects

• a lot of mind properties cannot be, yet, a lot of mind properties cannot be, yet, reproduced by artificial intelligencereproduced by artificial intelligence

Liliana Rogozea

ComprehensiveComprehensive

ComprehensibleComprehensible

CompatibleCompatible

AccountableAccountable

AffordableAffordable

AvailableAvailable

A.I.Services

- characteristic

A.I.Services

- characteristic

Liliana Rogozea

Subjective or objectiveSubjective or objective

• ethical issues have subjective and emotive ethical issues have subjective and emotive components components

• it is obvious that is not possible to developit is obvious that is not possible to develop a a pattern for all ethical dilemmaspattern for all ethical dilemmas, ,

• is possible to develop some standards is possible to develop some standards – not only for human behavior, but also for not only for human behavior, but also for

artificial intelligence tools used in our life,artificial intelligence tools used in our life,– standards which could be part of human rights.standards which could be part of human rights.

Liliana Rogozea

Artificial intelligence – a new concept?Artificial intelligence – a new concept?

• The conceptThe concept -- developed developed - - John McCarthy, John McCarthy, – a computer scientist, a computer scientist, – Turing Award in 1971Turing Award in 1971– ““Whatever a person can do, he should able to make a Whatever a person can do, he should able to make a

computer do for him”.computer do for him”.• Why Artificial Intelligence Needs PhilosophyWhy Artificial Intelligence Needs Philosophy

(article)(article)::– ““The idea of an intelligent machine is old, but serious The idea of an intelligent machine is old, but serious

work on the artificial intelligence problem or even work on the artificial intelligence problem or even serious understanding of what the problem is awaited serious understanding of what the problem is awaited the stored program computer. We may regard the the stored program computer. We may regard the subject of artificial intelligence as beginning with subject of artificial intelligence as beginning with Turing's article Turing's article Computing Machinery and IntelligenceComputing Machinery and Intelligence (Turing 1950) and with Shannon's (1950) discussion of (Turing 1950) and with Shannon's (1950) discussion of how a machine might be programmed to play chess.”how a machine might be programmed to play chess.”

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RobotsRobots

• InventorsInventors + writter + writter – Pygmalion and Galatea myth, Pygmalion and Galatea myth, – Leonardo da Vinci tLeonardo da Vinci t– Frank Baum Frank Baum - - Ozma of OzOzma of Oz: : Tik-Tok Tik-Tok – artificial machine describe in famous novel,artificial machine describe in famous novel,– Isaac Asimov Isaac Asimov • Three Laws of Robotics,Three Laws of Robotics,

• The Complete Robot The Complete Robot

– George Lucas in Star WarsGeorge Lucas in Star Wars

Liliana Rogozea

medicinemedicine

• the new preoccupation the new preoccupation – not only to reduce the suffering, not only to reduce the suffering, – hhelp the sick people using the local resources, elp the sick people using the local resources, – to develop a way of using the human intelligence and to develop a way of using the human intelligence and

the resource from other countries.the resource from other countries.

• to work together all over the world. to work together all over the world. • TelemedicineTelemedicine• which is a modern way.which is a modern way.• PoolePoole::– aartificial intelligent is seen like "the study and design of rtificial intelligent is seen like "the study and design of

intelligent agents". intelligent agents".

Liliana Rogozea

AI or computer intelligence?AI or computer intelligence?• artificial intelligenceartificial intelligence - - a concept more and a concept more and

more important in our lifemore important in our life

• an interdisciplinary field an interdisciplinary field -- need cooperation need cooperation between between – computers scientist, computers scientist, – engineering, engineering, – psychologist, psychologist, – sociologist sociologist – medical doctors.medical doctors.

Liliana Rogozea

artificial intelligence on the artificial intelligence on the people’s life on the long termpeople’s life on the long term??

• iit is not very clear the influence t is not very clear the influence

• "Within a generation ... the problem of "Within a generation ... the problem of creating 'artificial intelligence' will creating 'artificial intelligence' will substantially be solved.“substantially be solved.“– 19671967 - - Marvin MinskyMarvin Minsky

• We know now that is only at the beginning.We know now that is only at the beginning.

Liliana Rogozea

artificial intelligence on the artificial intelligence on the people’s life on the long termpeople’s life on the long term??

• AI in medicine: AI in medicine: – Cybernetics and brain simulation, Cybernetics and brain simulation, – Cognitive simulation, simulate human thought.Cognitive simulation, simulate human thought.

• AIAI can be used can be used – to organize bed schedules, to organize bed schedules, – make a staff rotation,make a staff rotation,– provide medical informationprovide medical information– medical diagnosis.medical diagnosis.

Liliana Rogozea

AI in diagnostic / treatmentAI in diagnostic / treatment

• developing automatic systems from diagnostic developing automatic systems from diagnostic – classification of some modifications, classification of some modifications,

– diagnostic lesions or cells with abnormalitiesdiagnostic lesions or cells with abnormalities

• treatment treatment – intelligent decision support systems for mechanical intelligent decision support systems for mechanical

ventilation, ventilation,

– selected treatment strategyselected treatment strategy

• robots robots • ttelemedicineelemedicine

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4. Infrastructure from medical 4. Infrastructure from medical artificial intelligenceartificial intelligence

• More and more people use mobile phone, More and more people use mobile phone, internet and computer, so it becomes internet and computer, so it becomes obvious that these facilities are pervaded obvious that these facilities are pervaded (penetrate) in medicine.(penetrate) in medicine.

• Because the aria covered by mobile Because the aria covered by mobile company is large this could be used like a company is large this could be used like a provider from AI in medicine. provider from AI in medicine.

Liliana Rogozea

Mobile phone penetration in Europe Mobile phone penetration in Europe      120% >      100-120%      80-100%      120% >      100-120%      80-100%

     < 80%      No data     < 80%      No data

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internetinternet

Liliana Rogozea

Mobile phone - internetMobile phone - internet

• a different development of this 2 a different development of this 2 communications and infrastructures option,communications and infrastructures option,

• at the European level, at the European level,

• in Romania, from different regions.in Romania, from different regions.

Liliana Rogozea

Evolution Evolution • When artificial intelligence was developing like a new When artificial intelligence was developing like a new

trend, it looked like trend, it looked like utopiautopia to discuss about this, and of to discuss about this, and of course we didn’t have any ethical problems to solve. course we didn’t have any ethical problems to solve.

• In time it becomes obvious that ethical problems are In time it becomes obvious that ethical problems are really really importantimportant and a lot of organizations try to mark out the and a lot of organizations try to mark out the principal direction where we must interfere.principal direction where we must interfere.

• Using artificial intelligence could help medical system or Using artificial intelligence could help medical system or sick people but also brings a number of ethical problems sick people but also brings a number of ethical problems like: responsibilities, informed consent, respect the patient like: responsibilities, informed consent, respect the patient right.right.

Liliana Rogozea

Medical Medical decisiondecision

HumanHumanMachine Machine

(computer, robots)(computer, robots)

Knowledge, experience, human abilities

Knowledge, patterns

Error is possible? YES

Working together – reducing error

Avantage: ↓ malpractice, better treatment for all, global health

Liliana Rogozea

ConclusionConclusion • In medicine AI can build intelligent tools In medicine AI can build intelligent tools

that have some features usually associated that have some features usually associated with human intelligence, to develop medical with human intelligence, to develop medical experts system.experts system.

• In an ethical way, it is very important to be In an ethical way, it is very important to be a critical user of artificial intelligence.a critical user of artificial intelligence.

• Artificial intelligence is a challenge for all of Artificial intelligence is a challenge for all of us. From science fiction tous. From science fiction to to reality is a to reality is a step, but we must be prepare for thatstep, but we must be prepare for that

Liliana Rogozea

Thank youThank you