ligo first highlights - gw150914 -...
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LIGO First HighlightsGravitational Waves detected from
Binary Black Hole Coalescence
Ofek Birnholtzfor LIGO-VIRGO Scientific Collaboration
February 15, 2016Israeli National Astronomy Day
at Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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Who we are● ~1000 scientists in LVC, >90 institutions● 2 active Advanced detectors (H1, L1)● 2 more detectors (VIRGO, GEO600)
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Who we are● ~1000 scientists in LVC, >90 institutions● 2 active Advanced detectors (H1, L1)● 2 more detectors (VIRGO, GEO600)
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Who we are● ~1000 scientists in LVC, >90 institutions● 2 active Advanced detectors (H1, L1)● 2 more detectors (VIRGO, GEO600)
● Observation time analyzed 12.9-20.10
- of which ~16days net data
● Found 2 significant triggers:
- GW150914 – 1st BBH Gravitational Wave @5.1 ϭ
- LVT151012 – LIGO-VIRGO Trigger BBH @2.1 ϭ
● Full O1 until 01/2016; yet to be analyzed
● Issued 3 EM triggers, and 12 papers4
What we've done
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How it's done● Interferometers & Actuators => Strain h(t)● Frequency band-passing, noise-whitening● Matched filtering against templates
● Not even shown: EMRI, Spins, Phenomenological fits, more...
What's in a template?
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What can we learn about the eventeven without templates?
We can tell it's two coalescing Black Holes!
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What we measured
From Detection Paper (Figure 1):
- Rise of Amplitude => not a single perturbed objectdampening down
- Rise of Frequency => inspiral (Kepler's Law)
- End of Rise f(t),h(t) => single remnant, settling down7LIGO-G1600167
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Chirp Mass from zero-crossings
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The simplest case
● Equal Mass
● Circular Orbit
(Kepler's Law)
● No spin
Compact + Heavy => Black Holes
effective separation
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Relaxing the assumptions
● Eccentric orbits: tighter: semi-minor axis shrinks,
semi-major axis independent of e
● Unequal masses: tighter:
● Spin: at most, for extremal spin: factor x2
● Kepler's Law?
Breaks when v2/c2~GM/Rc2 large - i.e. a compact orbit!
● Eccentric orbits: tighter: semi-minor axis shrinks,
semi-major axis independent of e
● Unequal masses: tighter:
● Spin: at most, for extremal spin: factor x2
● Kepler's Law?
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What if Mc formula itself is wrong?
● This could happen if both mass ratio and spin are large
● This is Extreme Mass Ratio (EMR) scenario:
● GW frequency given by corrected Kepler
● Highest frequency from around Light Ring (LR)
=> expected fmax
~70 Hz, we have fmax
~250 Hz
=> ruled out
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Final remnant – What can it be?
● Compact (~few RSchwarz
) + heavy (~60 Msun
)
=> density 1014kg/m3:
● 20 times heavier than any observed or theorized NS
=> Only possible known object – Black Hole
● BH expected to “ringdown” at f~f(LR)
● For q~1: f~125-500 Hz (spin-dependent)
● We clearly see final f ~ 250 Hz
● But we would like more SNR for
● more modes, longer RD => Kerr!
● 105 denser than White Dwarves
● 103 less dense than Neutron Stars
❑≿❑
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What lies ahead?
● More data to analyze
● Improvements expected for O2 (summer '16), O3 ('17)
● More detectors
● Coherent searches, more polarizations
● More CBC physics:
● Still looking for Neutron Stars
● Precessing systems
● Ringdown analyses
● Other sources: Continuous Waves, Bursts
● And most importanly: Unknown Unknowns!
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