lightning protection & grounding system (prof. dr. reynlado zoro)

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SELAMAT DATANG ……. Engineer’s Gahtering; LIGHTN ING PROTECTION & GROUNDING SYSTEM ( Lightning Research Center School for Electrical Engineering & Informatics of ITB) Jakarta, 06 Desember 2014

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Page 1: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

SELAMAT DATANG …….Engineer’s Gahtering;

• LIGHTN INGPROTECTION &GROUNDING SYSTEM

• ( Lightning Research CenterSchool for ElectricalEngineering & Informatics ofITB)

• Jakarta, 06 Desember 2014

• LIGHTN INGPROTECTION &GROUNDING SYSTEM

• ( Lightning Research CenterSchool for ElectricalEngineering & Informatics ofITB)

• Jakarta, 06 Desember 2014

Page 2: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Pembicara :

Prof.Dr.Dipl.Ing.Ir. Reynaldo Zoro

LIGHTNING RESEARCH CENTER (LRC)Sekolah Teknik Elektro & Informatika (STEI)- ITB

Riwayat Pendidikan :

1975 - S1 Teknik Tenaga Listrik ITB1982 - S2 High Voltage Engineering – Technical

University (TU) Munich – Germany1990 – S2 Teknik Tegangan Tinggi –

Fakultas Pasca Sarjana (FPS) ITB1999 – S3 TU Munich & FPS ITB

2

Pembicara :

Prof.Dr.Dipl.Ing.Ir. Reynaldo Zoro

LIGHTNING RESEARCH CENTER (LRC)Sekolah Teknik Elektro & Informatika (STEI)- ITB

Riwayat Pendidikan :

1975 - S1 Teknik Tenaga Listrik ITB1982 - S2 High Voltage Engineering – Technical

University (TU) Munich – Germany1990 – S2 Teknik Tegangan Tinggi –

Fakultas Pasca Sarjana (FPS) ITB1999 – S3 TU Munich & FPS ITB

Page 3: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Karir Pendidikan & Penelitian :1978 – Staff Dosen pada Kelompok Keilmuan Teknik

Ketenagalistrikan - STEI – ITB

1992 – Kepala Stasiun Penelitian Petir ITB Gn.Tangkuban Perahu

1995 – 2002 ; Direktur Perusahaan PT.Lapi Elpatsindo milik ITB

2002 – Ketua Himpunan Ahli Listrik Tegangan Tinggi Indonesia(HALTI)

2003 – 2008 Ketua Laboratoriun Teknik Tegangan Tinggi ITB

2011 – Kepala Pusat Penelitian Petir (Lightning Research Center) –STEI ITB

2013 – Guru Besar (Profesor) dalam bidang “Sistem Deteksi &Proteksi Petir” 3

Karir Pendidikan & Penelitian :1978 – Staff Dosen pada Kelompok Keilmuan Teknik

Ketenagalistrikan - STEI – ITB

1992 – Kepala Stasiun Penelitian Petir ITB Gn.Tangkuban Perahu

1995 – 2002 ; Direktur Perusahaan PT.Lapi Elpatsindo milik ITB

2002 – Ketua Himpunan Ahli Listrik Tegangan Tinggi Indonesia(HALTI)

2003 – 2008 Ketua Laboratoriun Teknik Tegangan Tinggi ITB

2011 – Kepala Pusat Penelitian Petir (Lightning Research Center) –STEI ITB

2013 – Guru Besar (Profesor) dalam bidang “Sistem Deteksi &Proteksi Petir”

Page 4: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Jabatan Profesional :

1996 – Anggota Tim Standarisasi Ditjen Listrik &Pengembangan Enersi (DLPE) -ESDM

1996 – Anggota CIGRE (Himpunan Ahli Teknik TeganganTinggi International) – France

1996 – Angg. Tim Standarisasi IEC (InternationalElectrotechnical Commission) TC (TechnicalCommittee) -81: Lightning, Geneva, Swiss

2007 – Anggota Komite Nasional (KomNas) IEC – BSN(Badan Standarisasi Nasional)

2008 – Chairman of Scentific Committee for IndonesianLightning Society (ILS)

4

Jabatan Profesional :

1996 – Anggota Tim Standarisasi Ditjen Listrik &Pengembangan Enersi (DLPE) -ESDM

1996 – Anggota CIGRE (Himpunan Ahli Teknik TeganganTinggi International) – France

1996 – Angg. Tim Standarisasi IEC (InternationalElectrotechnical Commission) TC (TechnicalCommittee) -81: Lightning, Geneva, Swiss

2007 – Anggota Komite Nasional (KomNas) IEC – BSN(Badan Standarisasi Nasional)

2008 – Chairman of Scentific Committee for IndonesianLightning Society (ILS)

Page 5: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning Flashes

Dr. P. Hasse: IEC Standards on Externaland Internal Lightning Protection: IEC62305-1 ... 5, Singapore, 14 February,

2003

Page 6: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Latar belakang1. Indonesia terletak pada khatulistiwa yang

mempunyai hari-guruh sangat tinggi denganaktivitas 100 sampai 200 hari-guruh per tahun.

2. Industri di Indonesia menggunakan semakinbanyak peralatan dan sistem yang canggihmenggunakan komponen elektronik danmikroprosesor dan sangat sensitif terhadapPEdP (Pulsa Elektromagnetik dari Petir) atauLEMP (Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse)

3. Karakteristik petir di Indonesia yang berbedadengan karakteristik petir di luar negeri yangdijadikan standar oleh Badan Standarisasi duniapada umumnya.

6

1. Indonesia terletak pada khatulistiwa yangmempunyai hari-guruh sangat tinggi denganaktivitas 100 sampai 200 hari-guruh per tahun.

2. Industri di Indonesia menggunakan semakinbanyak peralatan dan sistem yang canggihmenggunakan komponen elektronik danmikroprosesor dan sangat sensitif terhadapPEdP (Pulsa Elektromagnetik dari Petir) atauLEMP (Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse)

3. Karakteristik petir di Indonesia yang berbedadengan karakteristik petir di luar negeri yangdijadikan standar oleh Badan Standarisasi duniapada umumnya.

Page 7: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Latar belakang (Cont’d)4. Sangat sedikitnya informasi tentang Sistem

Proteksi Petir dan Sistem Penentu Lokasi danPelacak Petir khususnya di negara tropis sepertiIndonesia disamping sangat kurangnya“Awareness” atau kesiagaan terhadapkemungkinan bahaya petir.

5. Banyaknya instalasi-instalasi penting danberbahaya yang menjadi target mudah (easytarget) bagi sambaran petir karena strukturnyayang tinggi dan pada lokasi yang terbuka.

7

4. Sangat sedikitnya informasi tentang SistemProteksi Petir dan Sistem Penentu Lokasi danPelacak Petir khususnya di negara tropis sepertiIndonesia disamping sangat kurangnya“Awareness” atau kesiagaan terhadapkemungkinan bahaya petir.

5. Banyaknya instalasi-instalasi penting danberbahaya yang menjadi target mudah (easytarget) bagi sambaran petir karena strukturnyayang tinggi dan pada lokasi yang terbuka.

Page 8: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning on modern society?

Production Function :Man Power and Equipment,Safety, Security andreliability

Infrastructure

Facilities, Electric Power,Telecommunication, DataProcessing , Instrumentation,Control

CB Cloud

Modern Society

SingleSimultaneous

DamageDestructions

8

SingleSimultaneous

PanicCatastrophic

DamageDestructions

LightningCharacteristics

Lightning Protection System1. External Protection2. Internal Protection

Lightning Detection System1. Real Time : Detection Process, Emergency Planning, Safety, Prediction2. Historical : LPS Design, Fault Analysis, Reliability, Preventive Maintenance

PREVENTION

Page 9: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Ciri masyarakat modern

• Masyarakat modern membutuhkan :– Sistem tenaga listrik arus bolak-balik dan atau

searah– Sistem telekomunikasi– Sistem proses data (komputer) beserta

jaringannya yang luas– Sistem instrumentasi dan kontrol

9

• Masyarakat modern membutuhkan :– Sistem tenaga listrik arus bolak-balik dan atau

searah– Sistem telekomunikasi– Sistem proses data (komputer) beserta

jaringannya yang luas– Sistem instrumentasi dan kontrol

Page 10: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Fungsi sosial masyarakat modern• bandar udara dan pelabuhan

laut• jalan tol• rumah sakit• sistem telekomunikasi• pembangkitan, pengaturan,

penyaluran danpendistribusian tenaga listrik

• intelligent building (berbasismikroprosesor) pada gedung-gedung tinggi,

• pusat pengolahan data besertajaringannya

• sistem kontrol pada mesin-mesin industri

• stasiun relay radio, televisidengan tower dan stasiunbumi,

• sistem pertahanan militer• instalasi lain dengan peralatan

yang menggunakan komponenelektronik dan mikroprosesor

10

• bandar udara dan pelabuhanlaut

• jalan tol• rumah sakit• sistem telekomunikasi• pembangkitan, pengaturan,

penyaluran danpendistribusian tenaga listrik

• intelligent building (berbasismikroprosesor) pada gedung-gedung tinggi,

• pusat pengolahan data besertajaringannya

• sistem kontrol pada mesin-mesin industri

• stasiun relay radio, televisidengan tower dan stasiunbumi,

• sistem pertahanan militer• instalasi lain dengan peralatan

yang menggunakan komponenelektronik dan mikroprosesor

Page 11: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

IEC StandardsonExternal and InternalLightning Protection System :IEC 62305 - 2006Parts 1 ... 5

IEC StandardsonExternal and InternalLightning Protection System :IEC 62305 - 2006Parts 1 ... 5

Page 12: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Field of Application

The standards IEC 62305 Parts 1 to 4are applicable for design, installation,inspection, and maintenance oflightning protection systems forstructures (disregarded their height),their installations and contents as well asthe persons inside.

The standards IEC 62305 Parts 1 to 4are applicable for design, installation,inspection, and maintenance oflightning protection systems forstructures (disregarded their height),their installations and contents as well asthe persons inside.

Page 13: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

The actual protection standards (parts 3,4 and 5) arepreceded by two generally valid standards (parts 1

and 2) :IEC 62305-1 informs about the danger of lightning,

about the lightning characteristics (annexA), about the derived parameters forsimullating the effects of lightning (annexe Band C) and about the test parameters simulatingthe effects of lightning on LPC components (AnnexD). Furthermore it gives a survey of the wholestandard series for lightning protection, whereprocedures and principles of protection are explained,on which the following parts are based.

•IEC 62305-2 uses a risk analysis in order to determinethe necessity of lightning protection and thentechnically and economically optimal protectionmeasures can be chosen which are described in detailin the actual protection standard

The actual protection standards (parts 3,4 and 5) arepreceded by two generally valid standards (parts 1

and 2) :IEC 62305-1 informs about the danger of lightning,

about the lightning characteristics (annexA), about the derived parameters forsimullating the effects of lightning (annexe Band C) and about the test parameters simulatingthe effects of lightning on LPC components (AnnexD). Furthermore it gives a survey of the wholestandard series for lightning protection, whereprocedures and principles of protection are explained,on which the following parts are based.

•IEC 62305-2 uses a risk analysis in order to determinethe necessity of lightning protection and thentechnically and economically optimal protectionmeasures can be chosen which are described in detailin the actual protection standard

Page 14: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

The criteria for design, installation and maintenance oflightning protection measures are considered in threeseparate groups:

- a first group which refers to protection measures toreduce physical damages and life hazard due tolightning flashes to the structure is reported inIEC 62305-3,

- a second group which refers to protection measuresto reduce failure of electrical and electronic systemsin a structure is reported in IEC 62305-4,

- a third group which refers to protection measures toreduce damage and loss of services entering thestructure, namely electrical and telecommunicationlines is reported in IEC 62305-5.

The criteria for design, installation and maintenance oflightning protection measures are considered in threeseparate groups:

- a first group which refers to protection measures toreduce physical damages and life hazard due tolightning flashes to the structure is reported inIEC 62305-3,

- a second group which refers to protection measuresto reduce failure of electrical and electronic systemsin a structure is reported in IEC 62305-4,

- a third group which refers to protection measures toreduce damage and loss of services entering thestructure, namely electrical and telecommunicationlines is reported in IEC 62305-5.

Page 15: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

SAMBARANLANGSUNG

SAMBARAN TIDAKLANGSUNG

•Induksi•Konduksi•Elevasi Tegangan

Ancaman petir pada masyarakatmodern

15

•Induksi•Konduksi•Elevasi Tegangan

•Vessel•Tower•Stack•Kabel•Bangunan•Rigs Minyak•Lapangan Golf•Manusia, dll….

• Listrik• Telekomunikasi• Komputer dan Jaringan• Instrumen dan Kontrol

seperti, DCS, CCTV, dll...• Sistem Grounding dan•Bonding

Page 16: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Proses terbentuknya awan petir

1. Dibutuhkan udara naik (Up-draft) keatasakibat pemanasan permukaan tanah atausifat orografis permukaan tanah

2. Dibutuhkan partikel aerosol (mengambang)yang hygroskopis (menyerap air) dari garamlaut atau partikel industri yang naik bersamaup-draft

3. Dibutuhkan udara lembab yang naik keatasuntuk pembentukan partikel es (hailstone) diawan

1. Dibutuhkan udara naik (Up-draft) keatasakibat pemanasan permukaan tanah atausifat orografis permukaan tanah

2. Dibutuhkan partikel aerosol (mengambang)yang hygroskopis (menyerap air) dari garamlaut atau partikel industri yang naik bersamaup-draft

3. Dibutuhkan udara lembab yang naik keatasuntuk pembentukan partikel es (hailstone) diawan

16

Page 17: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Pembentukan sel bermuatan listrikpada awan petir

17

0

2,0

5,0

7,5

10,0

12,5

15,0

28

0

-300C

t

KMKM

0

2,0

5,0

7,5

10,0

12,5

15,0

28

0

-300C

t

Page 18: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Pelepasan muatan listrik dari awan

• Begitu ujung lidahpetir bergerakmendekat ke tanah,kuat medan listrikpada ujung-ujungstruktur diatas tanahakan meningkat danterjadi ionisasi udarayang menuju ke awan

18

• Begitu ujung lidahpetir bergerakmendekat ke tanah,kuat medan listrikpada ujung-ujungstruktur diatas tanahakan meningkat danterjadi ionisasi udarayang menuju ke awan

Page 19: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Bagaimana petir terbentuk?

• Leader & streamer bertemupada lompatan akhir, sekitar10 meter

• Return stroke melalui jalur ygsudah terionisasi

• Total muatan yangdipindahkan pada sambaranbalik sekitar 5 -200 coulombdalam 0.05 -1.5 detik

• Petir ikutan melalui jalur yangsama

19

• Leader & streamer bertemupada lompatan akhir, sekitar10 meter

• Return stroke melalui jalur ygsudah terionisasi

• Total muatan yangdipindahkan pada sambaranbalik sekitar 5 -200 coulombdalam 0.05 -1.5 detik

• Petir ikutan melalui jalur yangsama

Page 20: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Formula Empiris ; JARAK SAMBAR

• Amstrong dan Whitehead;0.8

• Rs = 6.7 I (m) ; I (kA)

• Love ( Standard IEC 62305/2006):0.65

• Rs = 10.0 i (m) ; I (kA)

• Amstrong dan Whitehead;0.8

• Rs = 6.7 I (m) ; I (kA)

• Love ( Standard IEC 62305/2006):0.65

• Rs = 10.0 i (m) ; I (kA)

20

Page 21: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

MUATAN POSITIFYANG DIINDUKSIKAN

PETIRPENGHUBUNG

PUSAT MUATAN NEGATIF PADAAWAN BERMUATAN

r

LIDAH PETIR DENGANINTI PLASMA

Pertumbuhan muatan di ujunglidah petir dan di tanah

21

MUATAN POSITIFYANG DIINDUKSIKAN

PETIRPENGHUBUNG

PUSAT MUATAN NEGATIF PADAAWAN BERMUATAN

r

LIDAH PETIR DENGANINTI PLASMA

Page 22: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Jarak Sambar Rs (striking distance) antara titiktemu dan objek tertinggi pada

Stepped leader

Connecting leader

Striking distance= Rs

AirTerminalESE

Connecting leader

Central Plaza BldHong Kong

Page 23: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

INTI PLASMALIDAH PETIR

RETURN STROKE

PEMBUNGKUS MUATAN

WAKTU

Return stroke setelah lidah pelopormencapai tanah

23

INTI PLASMALIDAH PETIR

RETURN STROKE

PEMBUNGKUS MUATAN

WAKTU

Page 24: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

DownwardDownwardLeaderLeader

Return StrokeReturn Stroke

Strike!SteppedSteppedLeaderLeader

24

Return StrokeReturn Stroke

CompetingCompetingUpward LeaderUpward Leader

Page 25: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Mekanisme sambaran padapermukaan tanah datar

BASE DU NUAGE

CLOUD BASIS70µs

dartleader

1 to

2 k

m

2ms4ms6ms8ms10ms12ms14ms16ms18ms20ms40ms

dartleader

2ms

30ms

1ms

…. CLOUD BASIS

25

GROUND

Time

returnstroke

dartleader

1 to

2 k

m

returnstroke

dartleader

returnstroke

Static picture

GROUND

Page 26: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

CLOUD BASIS2

ms4

ms6

ms8

ms10ms12ms

14ms

16ms18ms

20ms

2ms

1ms

40ms

30ms

dartleader

70µs

dartleader

CLOUD BASIS

Mekanisme sambaran padastruktur tinggi

26

GROUND

returnstroke

returnstroke

returnstroke

Static picture

GROUND

Time

Page 27: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

+ +++

+ +

++ +

+

++++

+

++ +++

+

++

++ +

++ +

++

+++

+ + + + + + +

downward negative leader

+ +++

+ +

++ +

+

++++ +

++ +++

+

++

++ +

++ +

++

+++

+ + + + + + +

+++

+ ++

upward positive leader

Four different cloud-to-groundflashes*

27

+ +++

+ +

++ +

+

++++

+

++ +++

+

++

++ +

++ +

++

+++

+ + + + + + +

upward negative leader

+ +++

+ +

++ +

+

++++

+

++ +++

+

++

++ +

++ +

++

+++

+ + + + + + +

++

+

++

+

++

+

+

downward positive leader

+ + + + + + +

downward negative leader+ + + + + + +

upward positive leader

*)according to K. Berger (1978)

Page 28: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning photography

28

Intra Cloud & Cloud to airdischarge

Cloud to Ground discharge

Page 29: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning photography (Cont’d)

29

Upward discharge

Downward discharge

Page 30: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Hari guruh -thunderstormdays• Isokeraunic level (IKL) dipetakan oleh badan

meteorologi dunia dan juga oleh Badan Meteorologidan Geofisika Indonesia

• Hari guruh maksimum di beberapa negara :– Eropa : 30 hari guruh– Amerika : 100 hari guruh– Jepang : 80 hari guruh– Korea : 80 hari guruh– Australia : 80 hari guruh– Indonesia : 200 hari guruh

• Isokeraunic level (IKL) dipetakan oleh badanmeteorologi dunia dan juga oleh Badan Meteorologidan Geofisika Indonesia

• Hari guruh maksimum di beberapa negara :– Eropa : 30 hari guruh– Amerika : 100 hari guruh– Jepang : 80 hari guruh– Korea : 80 hari guruh– Australia : 80 hari guruh– Indonesia : 200 hari guruh

30

Page 31: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

31

Page 32: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Kerapatan sambaran (Flash Density)

• Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi deteksipetir, besaran hari guruh (IKL) hampir tidakpernah digunakan dalam Sistem Proteksi Petir

• Kerapatan sambaran (Ground Flash Density –GFD atau Number of Flash to Ground – Ng)adalah jumlah sambaran petir ke tanah perkilometer persegi per tahun

• Data GFD ini lebih akurat dari hari guruh, yanghanya menggunakan pengamatan/ pendengaranlangsung saja.

• Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi deteksipetir, besaran hari guruh (IKL) hampir tidakpernah digunakan dalam Sistem Proteksi Petir

• Kerapatan sambaran (Ground Flash Density –GFD atau Number of Flash to Ground – Ng)adalah jumlah sambaran petir ke tanah perkilometer persegi per tahun

• Data GFD ini lebih akurat dari hari guruh, yanghanya menggunakan pengamatan/ pendengaranlangsung saja.

32

Page 33: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

33

Page 34: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

34

Page 35: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Kerapatan sambaran petir diKota Depok, Jawa Barat

• Ng = 35-40sambaran/km2/thn (maksimum)

Pada daerahpengamatan20 x 20 km2

35

• Ng = 35-40sambaran/km2/thn (maksimum)

Pada daerahpengamatan20 x 20 km2

Gambar - 17

Page 36: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Global lightning worldwide 1999

36

Page 37: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

LIGHTNING CHARACTERISTICSdiukur dengan cara sbb :

• Observation in situ : Natural Lightning• Triggered Lightning : Rocket Initiated

Lightning• Laboratory : Long Sparks• Electromagnetic Measurement : Lightning

Detection or Location System• Modeling : Numerical Simulation

• Observation in situ : Natural Lightning• Triggered Lightning : Rocket Initiated

Lightning• Laboratory : Long Sparks• Electromagnetic Measurement : Lightning

Detection or Location System• Modeling : Numerical Simulation

37

Page 38: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Stasiun Penelitian Petir ITB – di daerah TropisGn.Tangkuban Perahu - Natural Lightning

38

Page 39: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Pengujian Air Terminal ESE – 1 di SPPGunung Tangkuban Perahu ( 2 tower )

Di foto dari jarak 1000 meterUntuk pemodelan upward streamer

Page 40: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Stasiun Pengukuran Petir – sub tropisProf. Karl Berger, di Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland

40

Page 41: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Arus Puncak Petir

Prob

abilit

as

4

5

Statistik arus puncak (i) tropis dansub-tropis

85%

Gambar - 20

41

Arus Puncak Petir

Prob

abilit

as

4

5

Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland : (1) petir pertama total, (2) petir negatif, (3) petirpositif. Indonesia by Reynaldo Zoro, measured at Mt Tangkuban Perahu : (4) petir negatif, (5) petir positif

30 kA

40 kA18 kA

Page 42: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

4

5

Kecuraman Arus Petir

Probabilitas

2

1

Statistik kecuraman arus petir (di/dt)tropis dan sub-tropis

85%

Gambar - 21

42

4

5

Kecuraman Arus Petir

Probabilitas

2

1

(1) Europe by Karl Berger, measured at Mt San Salvatore, Switzerland. (2) Indonesia by Reynaldo Zoro, measured atMt Tangkuban Perahu

18kA/us

25kA/us

12 kA/us

Page 43: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Ancaman, gangguan dan kerusakanakibat

PENGARUH petirpada infrastruktur

Ancaman, gangguan dan kerusakanakibat

PENGARUH petirpada infrastruktur

43

Page 44: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Direkt lightning strikeEffect: Fire hazard

A direct strike on a building withoutan external lightning protectioninstallationBecause of-- the specific energy W/R and-- the charge Q

0

idtQ

0

2dtiRW

The energy of the lightning currentheated up the part of the buildingimmediately.

Also material could hurl out at thepoint of strike.

0

idtQ

Page 45: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Direkt lightning strikeEffect: Destroying of a part of the roof

Danger for persons by fallen concrete

Page 46: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Tank Explosion due to lightning

46Pertamina UP IV Cilacap, 25 October 1995

Page 47: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Direct lightning strike ; Effect: Destroying of a wind turbin Lightninghits the turbine blade

Indirect effect: Because ofthe unbalance

of the rotor the wholeturbine fall down!

Page 48: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

WTC Twin Towerwith upward leader

48

Page 49: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Damage to electronic equipment inGermany : causes in 1998 (indemnities), analysis of 7737 cases ofdamage

49

Source : Württembergische Feuerversicherung AG,Stuttgart

Page 50: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Statistik kerugian perusahaan asuransiakibat klaim petir

SOURCE : TELA VERSICHERUNGS AG MUNCHENSOURCE : TELA VERSICHERUNGS AG MUNCHEN

8

10

12

14

50

0

2

4

6

8

%

1978' 1980' 1982' 1984' 1986' 1988' 1990' 1992'

TAHUN

Source : Tela Versicherungs AG, Munchen

Page 51: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning in USA : lost and cost

The National Weather Service reportslightning damage at an annual $35 million.This is incorrect. Lightning costs areunderreported and the hazard isunderrated.Losses in the USA reach $5-6 billion per year andinclude :

• RESIDENTIAL FIRES. Lightning causes 26,500 housefires amounting to $147.3 million in losses annually(Rp. 1.8 Trilliun)(Association of US Fire Chiefs, 1995 Report ).

The National Weather Service reportslightning damage at an annual $35 million.This is incorrect. Lightning costs areunderreported and the hazard isunderrated.Losses in the USA reach $5-6 billion per year andinclude :

• RESIDENTIAL FIRES. Lightning causes 26,500 housefires amounting to $147.3 million in losses annually(Rp. 1.8 Trilliun)(Association of US Fire Chiefs, 1995 Report ).

51

Page 52: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning in USA : lost and cost(Cont’d)

• INSURANCE CLAIMS IN THE HOMEOWNER SECTOR.Lightning losses are in excess of one billion dollarsannually and represent five percent of all residentialclaims (Insurance Information Institute, NY).(5% is 200.000 USD = Rp. 2,4 Trilliun)On average, lightning results in one insurance claimfor every fifty-seven lightning strikes(Holle, Lopez, Arnold & Endres, 1995 IAGCLSE Proc.).

• INSURANCE CLAIMS IN THE HOMEOWNER SECTOR.Lightning losses are in excess of one billion dollarsannually and represent five percent of all residentialclaims (Insurance Information Institute, NY).(5% is 200.000 USD = Rp. 2,4 Trilliun)On average, lightning results in one insurance claimfor every fifty-seven lightning strikes(Holle, Lopez, Arnold & Endres, 1995 IAGCLSE Proc.).

52

Page 53: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Ancaman sambaran petirpada mahluk hidup

53

1. Touch Voltage2. Indirect Strike3. Direct Strike4. Side Flash5. Step Voltage

Page 54: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Ancaman pada mahluk hidup….Step Voltage

54

ssdd V

Death

Transient paralysisTransient paralysis

)sd(d

s

2IV

Page 55: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning also strikes people, causing serious injury and burns andsometimes even death :On June 14, 1991, during one of the world’s most prestigious golfcompetitions, the US Open, a spectator was killed by a lightning bolt !

55

Page 56: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

More recently in October 2002, the footballer, Herman Gavaria died afterbeing struck while taking part in a training session with fellow players fromthe Cali club in Colombia.

56

Page 57: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

57

Page 58: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning desperation position

58

Page 59: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

ANCAMAN DAN KERUSAKANPADA INSTALASI LISTRIK,COMPUTER & JARINGANNYA,CONTROL, TELEKOMUNIKASI

SAMBARAN PETIR TIDAKLANGSUNG(INDIRECT STRIKES)

ANCAMAN DAN KERUSAKANPADA INSTALASI LISTRIK,COMPUTER & JARINGANNYA,CONTROL, TELEKOMUNIKASI

Page 60: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Mekanisme tegangan lebih padaperalatan

60

Page 61: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Ancaman petir pada sistem daninstalasi tenaga listrik

MCRData

ABC Company

61

MCR

110 kV

Data

TV

Telephone

400/230 VMobilephone

Page 62: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Damage to electronic equipment inGermany : causes in 1998 (indemnities), analysis of 7737

cases of damage

62

Source : Württembergische Feuerversicherung AG,Stuttgart

Page 63: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

63

Page 64: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

64

Page 65: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

65

Page 66: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Sambaran petir tidak langsung(konduksi) pada peralatan elektronik

Gambar - 25

66

Page 67: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

TERHADAP SAMBARAN PETIRLANGSUNG(DIRECT STRIKES)

SISTEM PROTEKSI PETIR &GROUNDING

TERHADAP SAMBARAN PETIRLANGSUNG(DIRECT STRIKES)

Page 68: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Konsep sistem proteksi petir

Lightning Protection System

External LPS Internal LPS

68

Air terminal / FinialDown conductor

Grounding system

ArresterShieldingBonding

Page 69: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

SISTEM PROTEKSI PETIR EKSTERNAL

Perlindungan Objek terhadap bahayasambaran Petir Langsung dengan konsepElectromagnetic dan konsep Early StreamerSystem :

1. Finial atau Air Terminal2. Down Conductor atau Hantaran Turun3. Sistem Pentanahan atau Grounding System

Perlindungan Objek terhadap bahayasambaran Petir Langsung dengan konsepElectromagnetic dan konsep Early StreamerSystem :

1. Finial atau Air Terminal2. Down Conductor atau Hantaran Turun3. Sistem Pentanahan atau Grounding System

Page 70: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

1

2

FINIAL

DOWNCONDUCTOR

3GROUNDING

SYSTEM

Page 71: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Komponen sistem proteksi eksternal padabangunan dan jaringan tenaga listrik

1

2

1

2

71

1

2

3

2

3

1. Terminal Udara2. Penghantar Turun3. Sistem Grounding

2

3

Page 72: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Komponen sistem proteksi eksternal

11

2

3

72

1. Terminal Udara2. Penghantar Turun3. Sistem Grounding

2

3

3

Page 73: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Design Methods for LightningProtection - 1

• Franklin Rod

Page 74: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Design Methods for LightningProtection - 2

• Faraday Cage

Page 75: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Design Methods for LightningProtection - 3

• Rolling Sphere

Page 76: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

rs

rs

The areas touched by thesphere are deemed to

require protection

Protected volume

Trajectory of the centerof the Rolling Sphere

rs

rs

The Rolling Sphere concept

Numerical models

Page 77: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Entwurf der Fangeinrichtung mit derBlitzkugelmethode

R

1329.ppt / 22.01.98 / ESCDIN V ENV 61024-1 (VDE V 0185 Teil 100) 1996-08: Anhang B

FangeinrichtungS1329

R R

Page 78: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Air termination – Protection methods

Mesh size M

Rh2

1 2

Air- termination rod

Three methods for the definition of the airtermination:

1. Rolling sphere method2. Mesh method3. Protective angle method

Quelle: DIN V VDE 0185 Teil 3-3 Seite 81

Rolling sphereProtective angle

Earthing system

Down conductorh1

h2

2

The method of protective angle isused for buildings with easily form,but it is limited for buildings withhights as you could see in the nexttable.

The mesh method is used for planningthe protection of flat roofs.

The rolling spheremethod could be used forall buildings.

Page 79: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Metodarollingsphere

79

Metodarollingsphere

Page 80: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

AnwendungBlitzkugelverfahren

1337. ppt / 19.01.98 / CGS1337

Page 81: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

AnwendungBlitzkugelverfahren

S1338 1338c.ppt /21.01.98 / OB

Page 82: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Fangeinrichtung für hoheGebäude Maschenverfahren

Bei seitlichen Außen-flächender baulichen Anlage inHöhen, die größer als derRadius der entsp. Blitzkugel(Tab. 3) sind, muß eineFangeinrichtung, z. B. unterBerücksichtigung desMaschenverfahrens errichtetwerden.

MaschenweiteundBlitzkugelradius rentsp. derBlitzschutz-klasse

Fangeinrichtung

1346.ppt / 23.13.98 / OBDIN V ENV 61024-1 (VDE V 0185 Teil 100) 1996-08 Anhang B.3

Bei seitlichen Außen-flächender baulichen Anlage inHöhen, die größer als derRadius der entsp. Blitzkugel(Tab. 3) sind, muß eineFangeinrichtung, z. B. unterBerücksichtigung desMaschenverfahrens errichtetwerden.

Höhe entsp.der Blitz-schutzklasse

MaschenweiteundBlitzkugelradius rentsp. derBlitzschutz-klasse

Schutzwinkel entsp.der Blitzschutzklasse

r

S1346

Page 83: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Design Methods for LightningProtection - 4

• Collection Volume

Page 84: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Application of CVMto practical structures

(c) Key to three-dimensionalisation of the CVM• Electric field modelling of 3D structures

Page 85: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Electric field intensification

Intensification of the E-field is a function of thegeometry’s height and degree of sharpness

Page 86: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

ERITECH®

Page 87: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Collection formed by Equal Probability Locus and SphericalSurface

Page 88: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

The Collection Volume Design Concept

Page 89: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Example – Lightning Protection System IncorporatingNew Technology Air Terminal

Page 90: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

DYNASPHERE

Page 91: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

DYNASPHERE

Page 92: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

StaticThunderstormPhase

StaticThunderstormPhase

Page 93: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

DynamicThunderstormPhase

DynamicThunderstormPhase

Page 94: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

ControlledTriggeringPhase

ControlledTriggeringPhase

Page 95: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

ContohinstalasiCVTdiSPP-ITB

95

ContohinstalasiCVTdiSPP-ITB

Page 96: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

96

Page 97: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

PIPE GSP 1"

CABLE DOWN CUNDUCTORISOLATOR 20 KV

DYNASPHERE

Instalasi CollectiveVolume Terminal danPeralatan Ukur Arus

CURRENTTRANSFORMER

PIPE GSP 1/2"

CABLE RG-8/U FOAMCABLE DOWNCONDUCTOR

INSULATION XLPE

SCREEN METALINSULATION SCOTH NO. 33

INSULATION PVC

MAGNETIC TAPE

ISOLATOR 20 KV

BC

APM

Instalasi CollectiveVolume Terminal danPeralatan Ukur Arus

Page 98: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

2 STROKES

3 STROKES

LCC

2 STROKES(COUNTER 1)

EQUIPMENT

SUBSTATION

LCCELECTRICAL SUPPLY

300 m

COUNTER 2(5 STROKES)

LCC

Sambaran Petir ke sampingmenara (antena), menyebabkankerusakan pada peralatan didalamradio room, ke Finial ; Aman

Sambaran petir di catat APM &dideteksi juga oleh Jadpen

Counter 1Hit ke finial ; ONHit ke samping menara ; OFF

FINIALCVT

DownconductorDSDC

ESE - 2

Gambar - 30

98

2 STROKES

3 STROKES

LCC

2 STROKES(COUNTER 1)

EQUIPMENT

SUBSTATION

LCCELECTRICAL SUPPLY

300 m

COUNTER 2(5 STROKES)

LCC

Counter 1Hit ke finial ; ONHit ke samping menara ; OFF

Counter 2 ; Hit disamping atau di finial ; ON

Counter 3 ; hit disamping &finial ; OFF

hit dari luar ; ON

Gambar - 30

Page 99: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Radius attractive (RA)

99

Page 100: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

PENGHANTAR TURUN(DOWN CONDUCTOR)

Page 101: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Down conductor• Adalah saluran konduktif yang menghantarkan

arus petir dari titik sambar di terminal udara ketanah (sistem grounding)

• Komponen down conductor dapat yang bersifatnatural (struktur metal pada bangunan yangterhubung secara elektrik) atau dipasang khusus.

• Dimensi minimum down conductor menurutbahan (IEC 62305) :– Cu : 16 mm2

– Fe : 50 mm2

– Al : 25 mm2

101

• Adalah saluran konduktif yang menghantarkanarus petir dari titik sambar di terminal udara ketanah (sistem grounding)

• Komponen down conductor dapat yang bersifatnatural (struktur metal pada bangunan yangterhubung secara elektrik) atau dipasang khusus.

• Dimensi minimum down conductor menurutbahan (IEC 62305) :– Cu : 16 mm2

– Fe : 50 mm2

– Al : 25 mm2

Page 102: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

102

SPP untuk bangunan dgn atap bergerigi. Semua ukuranharus sesuai dengan tingkat proteksi yang dipilih.

Page 103: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

103

Susunan penghantar petir dengan finial berbentukjaringan

Page 104: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Pemasangan dari SPPeksternal untukbangunan besar.Jarak antara masing-masing hantaran turundan ukuran jaring harussesuai dengan tingkatproteksi yang dipilih.

104

Pemasangan dari SPPeksternal untukbangunan besar.Jarak antara masing-masing hantaran turundan ukuran jaring harussesuai dengan tingkatproteksi yang dipilih.

Page 105: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Development of an external lightning protection system

Lightning protectionsystem (LPS)

Externallightning

protection

Externallightning

protection

• DownConductor

Page 106: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

2

Down conductors – natural componentsUsing of the reinforcement as a down conductor and screening againstLEMP

1

3

a

b

a 87

1 Connection between airtermination and

down conductor2 Air termination3 Reinforcement4 Down conductor and ringconductor5 Equipotential bonding barfor the internal

lightning protection6 Test joint7 Clamp tested with lightningcurrent8 Connection without clamp

typical dimensions:a 5 m, b = 1 m

5

5

6

4

b7

1 Connection between airtermination and

down conductor2 Air termination3 Reinforcement4 Down conductor and ringconductor5 Equipotential bonding barfor the internal

lightning protection6 Test joint7 Clamp tested with lightningcurrent8 Connection without clamp

typical dimensions:a 5 m, b = 1 m

Quelle:DIN V VDE V 0185 T3-4, Bild 64

Page 107: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Down conductors – natural componentsExample for the usage of the concrete buttress as a down conductor.

The downconductors have tobe connected withthe reinforcementinside the concretebuttress.

The downconductors have tobe connected withthe reinforcementinside the concretebuttress.

Page 108: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Down conductors – natural components

Example for the usage of the metal facade as a down conductor.

The vertical metal elements must beconnected at the connection points byscrews or rivets.

Page 109: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Konvensional vs ESEKonvensional vs ESE

Page 110: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)
Page 111: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

DOUBLE SHIELDED WIREDOUBLE SHIELDED WIRE

Page 112: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)
Page 113: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

DETAILTOWER AND

FARADAY CAGE BOX

DETAILTOWER AND

FARADAY CAGE BOX

Page 114: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Double shielded down conductor(penghantar turun perisai ganda)

• Karakteristik Rancangan :– Induktansi rendah per unit panjang

sehingga impedansi surja rendah– Tegangan jatuh pada down conductor

menjadi kecil– Mengontrol dengan baik distribusi kuat

medan listrik didalam kabel untukmemperkecil kuat medan listrik saat dialiriimpuls petir

– Tidak ada bahaya side flash

114

• Karakteristik Rancangan :– Induktansi rendah per unit panjang

sehingga impedansi surja rendah– Tegangan jatuh pada down conductor

menjadi kecil– Mengontrol dengan baik distribusi kuat

medan listrik didalam kabel untukmemperkecil kuat medan listrik saat dialiriimpuls petir

– Tidak ada bahaya side flash

Page 115: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Penampangdouble

shieldeddown

conductor

115

Penampangdouble

shieldeddown

conductor

Page 116: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Perbandingan karakteristik downconductor

Characteristic BareCopper

Coopertape

N2XSY(single)

E1* E2*

Impedance () 230 6.7 4.5

Inductance (H/m) 1 963n(0.963)

0.5 33n 22n

116

Capacitance (F/m) 750 1100

Cross sectional area ofconductor (mm2)

50 25 x 3(75)

50 50 50

Resistance (m /m) 0.4 0.5

Upper termination withstand(kV)

200 200

Page 117: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

SISTEM GROUNDINGpadaBangunan & Struktur

SISTEM GROUNDINGpadaBangunan & Struktur

Page 118: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

GROUNDING SYSTEMKenapa harus ada Grounding?

• Diharuskan oleh STANDAR• Keamanan Personil

– Menghilangkan beda tegangan antara alat yang tidakdilalui arus (tutup & frame) dan antara peralatandengan tanah.

• Proteksi Peralatan– Menjalankan proteksi arus lebih jika ada gangguan ke

ground (50/60Hz event)• Mengalirkan arus Petir(5kHz - 500kHz)• ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)• Kontrol derau (Computer Grounding)

• Diharuskan oleh STANDAR• Keamanan Personil

– Menghilangkan beda tegangan antara alat yang tidakdilalui arus (tutup & frame) dan antara peralatandengan tanah.

• Proteksi Peralatan– Menjalankan proteksi arus lebih jika ada gangguan ke

ground (50/60Hz event)• Mengalirkan arus Petir(5kHz - 500kHz)• ESD (Electrostatic Discharge)• Kontrol derau (Computer Grounding)

118

Page 119: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Energi dari Petir?

Gambar – 41

Page 120: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Grounding untuk instalasi LPS

• Menurut IEC 62305 / 2006 :– Bentuk dan dimensi dari sistem grounding lebih penting dari

pada nilai resistans (tahanan pentanahan) dari elektrodapentanahan

– Bagaimanapun juga, secara umum, nilai pentanahan yangrendah direkomendasikan

– Dari sisi proteksi petir, single integrated dari komponenpentanahan beberapa sistem sangat bermanfaat dan cocokuntuk segala bentuk kegunaan (proteksi petir, proteksitegangan rendah sistem tenaga, sistem telekomunikasi)

– Sistem pentanahan yang tidak boleh disatukan denganalasan tertentu harus diinterkoneksi ke sistem melalui selapenyama tegangan (spark - gap)

• Menurut IEC 62305 / 2006 :– Bentuk dan dimensi dari sistem grounding lebih penting dari

pada nilai resistans (tahanan pentanahan) dari elektrodapentanahan

– Bagaimanapun juga, secara umum, nilai pentanahan yangrendah direkomendasikan

– Dari sisi proteksi petir, single integrated dari komponenpentanahan beberapa sistem sangat bermanfaat dan cocokuntuk segala bentuk kegunaan (proteksi petir, proteksitegangan rendah sistem tenaga, sistem telekomunikasi)

– Sistem pentanahan yang tidak boleh disatukan denganalasan tertentu harus diinterkoneksi ke sistem melalui selapenyama tegangan (spark - gap)

120

Page 121: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Grounding untuk instalasi LPS

• Ukuran minimum material grounding menurutIEC 62305 :– Cu : 50 mm2

– Fe : 80 mm2

• Tipe grounding didalam standard adalah :– Konduktor yang ditanam horizontal dalam tanah

dengan kedalaman minimum 0.5 m (Ring)– Batang tembaga yang ditancapkan tegak lurus ke

tanah (Driven Rod) - Radial– Kombinasi dari Keduanya (ring – radial)– Grounding Fondasi

• Ukuran minimum material grounding menurutIEC 62305 :– Cu : 50 mm2

– Fe : 80 mm2

• Tipe grounding didalam standard adalah :– Konduktor yang ditanam horizontal dalam tanah

dengan kedalaman minimum 0.5 m (Ring)– Batang tembaga yang ditancapkan tegak lurus ke

tanah (Driven Rod) - Radial– Kombinasi dari Keduanya (ring – radial)– Grounding Fondasi

121

Page 122: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Bentuk grounding

• Grounding batangtembaga dan baja

122

Page 123: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Bentukgrounding(lanjutan)

123

• Groundingdenganbeberapabatang

Page 124: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

RANCANGAN GROUNDING

• Grounding Radial,Radial 1 buah

• Grounding Radial,Radial 1 buah

124

Page 125: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

RANCANGAN GROUNDING

• Groundingdalam

• Groundingdalam

125

Page 126: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

RANCANGAN GROUNDING

• Grounding padadaerah sempit dandekat lalu-lintasmanusia

• Grounding padadaerah sempit dandekat lalu-lintasmanusia

126

Page 127: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

127External LPS

Page 128: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

External LPS

Page 129: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

129

Is this grounding system ?NO ! WHY ??

Page 130: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Contoh SistemProteksi Petirpada“bangunanterintegrasi”

130www.dehn.de

Contoh SistemProteksi Petirpada“bangunanterintegrasi”

Page 131: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Earthing systemStrap conductor for the connection between the reinforcement

Page 132: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Earthing systemStrap conductor of the foundation earth at the lowest point of thereinforcement

Page 133: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)
Page 134: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

134

Page 135: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

135www.erico.com

Page 136: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

136Pamakaian Beton Fondasi dan kolom strukturuntuk sistem pentanahan.

Page 137: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

137

Page 138: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

138

Page 139: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

SISTEM PTOTEKSI PETIR &BONDINGTERHADAPSAMBARAN PETIR TIDAKLANGSUNG(INDIRECT STRIKES)

SISTEM PTOTEKSI PETIR &BONDINGTERHADAPSAMBARAN PETIR TIDAKLANGSUNG(INDIRECT STRIKES)

Page 140: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

SISTEM PROTEKSI PETIRINTERNALpadaPeralatan dan Perangkatdidalam ruangan

SISTEM PROTEKSI PETIRINTERNALpadaPeralatan dan Perangkatdidalam ruangan

Page 141: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

INTERNAL LPSLightning protection zone conceptLPZ - concept

LPZ 2

e.g. computerroom

room representing shield 2

LPZ 1

structure representing shield 1

LPZ 0 A

LPZ 0 Bexternal LPS

bonding bar 1 atthe boundary ofLPZ 0 A , 0 B and LPZ 1

cables line

earth terminationsystem

lokal bonding bar 2 atthe boundary ofLPZ 1 and LPZ 2

bonding of shield 2

LPZ 2

e.g. computerroom

room representing shield 2

LPZ 1

structure representing shield 1

LPZ 0 A

LPZ 0 Bexternal LPS

bonding bar 1 atthe boundary ofLPZ 0 A , 0 B and LPZ 1

cables line

earth terminationsystem

lokal bonding bar 2 atthe boundary ofLPZ 1 and LPZ 2

bonding of shield 2

According to IEC 62305-3/2006

Page 142: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning protection zone conceptlightning protection zone 0A

lightning protection zone 0B

protection zone 1 protection zone 2protection zone 1 protection zone 2

protection zone 3protection zone 2

protection zone 3protection zone 1 protection zone 2

SPD B SPD C SPD D

SPD D

SPD C

mains

SPD: surge protective devicedecoupling element (conductor length)

protection zone 1

RA

Page 143: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

iLzone 0zone 0 zone3zone3

zone 0zone 0

Lightning protection zone concept(lanjutan)

iL

iL iLzone 0zone 0

zone 0zone 0 zone 0zone 0

zone 1zone 1zone 2zone 2zone 2zone 2 zone3zone3

zone3zone3

Page 144: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Mekanisme tegangan lebih padaperalatan

144

Page 145: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Coupling of voltage surges(lightning flash near an object)

Flash near a building

max

dt

di

Effects : Inductive couplingCaused by: Maximum steepness of

the lightning current

A magnetic field is formed aroundevery conductor through which acurrent flows.If conductor loops are located in thevicinity of a conductor in whichlightning current is flowing, the lawof induction states that a voltagewill be induced.

max

dt

di

Lightningarresters Lines running

parallel

Conductor loop Conductor loop

Page 146: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Mekanisme kopling galvanik

iBimprovement !

146

iB1

UE = RE1 x iB1

iB2

iB2

iB2

iB2potential equalization&

surge voltage protection

Page 147: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Process controller protectedwith transient barriers

Page 148: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Coordination of Protection for power line

Page 149: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)
Page 150: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Sistem bonding dan sistem pentanahan pada instalasi di dalambangunan dengan menggunakan komponen besi beton pada

dinding dan fondasi sebagai komponen SPP “ Natural”

Page 151: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning protection system according toIEC 62305-4/2006

Reinforcement of CeilingUsed as Building Shield

Air-Terminations for Roof Structures

Bonding of Air Terminationsto the Reinforcement

Wall Reinforcement Usedfor Shielding of theBuilding and as DownConductorSystem

230/400 VOvervoltage SPDfor Telecommunicationand Data

LPZ 0

Boundaries ofLPZ 0 to LPZ 1to LPZ 2

Source: P. Hasse: Overvoltage protection of low voltage systems. 2nd Edition, IEE London/UK

Dr. P. Hasse: IEC Standards on Externaland Internal Lightning Protection: IEC62305-1 ... 5, Singapore, 14 February,

2003S1041_c

230/400 V,50 HzLightningCurrentArrester

Serv

ice E

ntra

nce Reinforcement

for RoomShielding

EarthingSystem

Metal Frame as Building Shield

Bonding of Air Terminationsto the Reinforcement

LightningCurrentArresterforData Line

EquipotentialBonding forServices, e. g.Heating,Ventilation,SanitaryEquipmentEBB

LPZ 1

LPZ 2

230/400 VOvervoltage SPDfor Telecommunicationand Data

Foundation Earth Electrode

Ligh

tnin

g Cu

rrent

Arre

ster

for T

elec

om-

mun

icatio

n Li

ne

Reinforcement in Cellar Floor Usedfor Shielding of the Building and as Part ofthe Earthing System

Page 152: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Pemakaian konsep LPZ

www.dehn.de

Page 153: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning Protection System at a Plan

Page 154: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Contoh proteksi pada instrumentasi (Cont’d)

Page 155: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Beyond Standard ?

Due to tropical lightningcharacteristics

Existing standardbeyond standard innovation

Due to tropical lightningcharacteristics

Existing standardbeyond standard innovation

155

Page 156: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Convensional vs Isolated down conductor156

Page 157: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

APPLICATIONS TO THE PROTECTION OFAPPLICATIONS TO THE PROTECTION OFELEVATED STRUCTURESELEVATED STRUCTURES

Photo : Alex Hermant

Page 158: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Electric fieldV/m

Electric field distribution on an elevated structure.

Page 159: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)
Page 160: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Protection failure of the corners and edges of a structureProtection failure of the corners and edges of a structure

Page 161: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)
Page 162: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Roof ofbuilding

Attractive radius of anedge

Attractive radius of acorner

Roof ofbuilding

Attractive area

Upper view of the attractive areaof rectangular structure.

Page 163: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Electric field V/m

ResultsElectric field distribution on a complex structure during a thunderstorm.

Page 164: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

PAU BuildingBuilding name Inter University Center- ITB (PAU–ITB)

Owner ITB

Country Indonesia

City Bandung

Latitude 06˚ 53’ 17” S , 107˚ 36’ 36” ELatitude 06˚ 53’ 17” S , 107˚ 36’ 36” E

Flash density 8.06

Ground flash density 7.06

Keraunic level 120

Altitude 768 m

Height Width Length Roof area

40.8 m 43.2 m 72.6 m 2264.6 m2

Page 165: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

GROUND

PAU - ITB

PROTECTIVE AREA

RA

DIU

S O

F RO

LLI

NG

SPH

ERE

ROLLING SPHERE

SIDE VIEW

SCALE 1 : 1

Electrogeometri Analysis of PAU Building

GROUND

PAU - ITB

PROTECTIVE AREA

RA

DIU

S O

F RO

LLI

NG

SPH

ERE

ROLLING SPHERE

SIDE VIEW

SCALE 1 : 1

Page 166: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Electrogeometri Analysis of PAU Building

TOP VIEW

SCALE 1 : 1

PROTECTIVE AREA

RADIU

S OF PR

OTE

CTIV

E ARE

A

PAU - ITB

TOP VIEW

SCALE 1 : 1

PROTECTIVE AREA

RADIU

S OF PR

OTE

CTIV

E ARE

A

PAU - ITB

Page 167: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Installation Of Prevectron ESE

Page 168: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Lightning research on PAU building

Page 169: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

PAU – ITB building from south side

Page 170: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Panel berisi alat ukurLightning Evet Counter(LEC)Dan Arus Puncak Petir(APM) pada kaki towerDi Gd. PAU ITB

Gambar - 33

Page 171: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

RUMAH TINGGALSINGLE POLE 8 MTR, AIR TERMINAL TIPE ESE

Page 172: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

RUMAH TINGGALBOX LEC, LEC

Page 173: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Gedung Kantor Utama PT. Dahana,Subang, Jabar

173

Page 174: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Box berisi ;APM

(Alat Ukur ArusPuncak Petir) &

LEC(Lightning Event

Counter)

Box berisi ;APM

(Alat Ukur ArusPuncak Petir) &

LEC(Lightning Event

Counter)

174

Page 175: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

WTC Twin TowerUpward leader

175

Page 176: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

176

Lightning striking an aircaft

Page 177: Lightning Protection & Grounding System (Prof. Dr. Reynlado Zoro)

Terimakasih….

Prof.Dr. Reynaldo ZoroLightning Research Center

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics,Institut Teknologi Bandung

Alamat :Gd. Kerjasama PLN-ITB

Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132Telp/Fax 022 2500995

E-mail : [email protected]@gmail.com

Prof.Dr. Reynaldo ZoroLightning Research Center

School of Electrical Engineering and Informatics,Institut Teknologi Bandung

Alamat :Gd. Kerjasama PLN-ITB

Jl. Ganesha 10 Bandung 40132Telp/Fax 022 2500995

E-mail : [email protected]@gmail.com

177