lighting. types of light incident: comes directly from the light source reflected: has come in...
TRANSCRIPT
Lighting
Types of Light
Incident: comes directly from the light sourceReflected: has come in contact with some other material before entering our field of vision Our ability to see largely the result of
reflected light
Lighting Director’s Goals
Meet artistic needs of the programGeneral Illumination needsDevelops a lighting plan so that all performers and parts of the set are lit as required/desired
Measuring Light Levels
Measured with a light meter Video levels? Audio levels?
In footcandles (ftc)--amount of light falling on a surface one foot from the light with the illumination level of one candleAlso used, lux: About 10 lux = 1 ftc Measure incident & reflected
Other lighting issues
1--Contrast Ratio: brightest to darkest: human eye 100:1, TV 30:1Sports Stadium daytime shots (shader) Monitors and adjusts the iris opening
AGC automatically adjusts2--Color Temperature: measure of the frequency of the light wave 3,200° K / 5,400° K / red / blue
Lighting uses & objectives
Flat Lighting (shape/texture)
High-key / low-key for mood
Follow spot, limbo (subject ‘in limbo’ against softly lit cyc/cameo (subject lit & background dark)/ silhouette (subject dark & background lit)lighting-focus attn. More specific definition to follow--
…cont...
Lighting uses & objectives
To imitate reality Shoot on a set for ‘outdoor shot’ Using lights shooting outdoors Bouncing light shooting outdoors Use of shadow and lighting effects ‘Natural’ look / invisible lighting
Lighting Instruments
Quartz lamp 3,200° K 500 / 1,000 / 2,000 watts / 10,000
New High Speed Fluorescent (HSF) Traditional / HSF at 3,200° K
HMI bulb -- 5,500° K
NEWEST – LED, 5500° K
Lighting Instruments
Spotlights Controlled beam / pinned & spread Fresnel
Other spotlights Ellipsoidal / leko / cutters / cookies
Barn doors / light pole / light stand
Lighting Instruments
Floodlights Pans/broads --rectangular shaped Scoop -- Bowl shaped Strip lights for background Softlight -- bulb points inward
Sometimes covered with scrim or gels
Three point lighting
Key --spotlight -- 35-40° angle
Fill -- flood or spread spot (1/2)
Back --spotlight (1.5-2x the key) Subjects and foreground Compare to background -- also important
Kicker --comes from the side over the camera left shoulder of the subject (added to 3-point lighting)
External lights must be eliminated / mixing light sources
Lighting effects
Silhouette--subject is not lit; background is evenly lit
Limbo--subject is lit evenly; background is vague or nondescriptive
Cameo--subject is lit with a spotlight directly above; background is not lit
Studio Lighting
Light Board / dimmers / pig tails
Grid vs. floor stand
Extension poles, c-clamp, safety
Inverse square law--as light to subject distance doubles, light level is reduced to 1/4 previous level ###