BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [ARC 3413]

Integration with Design Studio 5 [Community Library]

Name : How Pei Ngoh

Student ID : 0316929

Tutor : Mr.Sivaraman Kuppusamy

Content

1.0 Introduction

2.0 Orthographic drawings of library

3.0 Lighting proposal

3.1 Daylight factor

3.1.1 Outdoor reading area

3.1.2 Courtyard

3.2 Artificial lighting

3.2.1 Office

3.2.2 Meeting room

3.3 Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting Interiors (PSALI)

3.3.1 Newsagent

4.0 Acoustic proposal

4.1External Noise Sound Pressure level

4.1.1 Newsagent

4.1.2 Teen’s library

4.2 Reverberation time – Office

4.3 Transmission loss - Office

4.4 Reverberatioin time – Meeting room

4.5 Transmission loss – Meeting room

5.0 References

1.0 Introduction

This integration project is aim to integrate the understanding of student about the

principle of lighting and acoustics in the context their final design project of studio 5. It

involved the strategies of advanced daylighting systems and the integration of electrical

lighting, also the strategies for noise management and room acoustics by referring to

the r

The final project of studio 5 is a community library, where the site is at Brickfield, Kuala

Lumpur. The site is an urban infill scape, on the right of the site is an 8 storey high of

building and left is a row of 4 storey shoplots In front of the library is a 26 storey office

tower which blocked most of the sunlight and the back alley of the library is a morning

market which caused noise during the morning time. In order to provide a comfort and

relevant library for the user, the site’s issue has to be concern by resolving with the use

of material and strategies.

2.0 Orthographic drawings

Ground floor plan

First floor plan

Second floor plan

Third floor plan

3.0 The Lighting proposal 3.1Daylight Factor

Zone DF (%) Distribution

Very bright >6 Very large with thermal

glare problems

Bright 3-6 Good

Average 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 Poor

Table 1 : Daylight factors and distribution

Note : Figure are average daylight factors for windows without glazing

DF = (Ei /Eo) x 100%

Where,

Ei = Internal illumination

Eo = External illumination

3.1.1 Outdoor reading area

Figure 1 outdoor reading area plan

Outdoor reading area (Figure 1) is located on the first floor, facing Jalan Sultan Abdul

Samad, the main road traffic. It is exposed to daylight in order to get sufficient sunlight

for the green wall and create a harmony space for reading.

Figure 2 light contour retrieved from Dialux evo 5

Floor Area 64m2

Opening/Skylight area ( m2 ) 72 m2

Daylight Factor (DF) (72/64)x100%

=112.5% x 0.1

=11.25%

The daylight factor of the outdoor reading area is 11.25% which is considered to have

extreme thermal glare problems. Blind or outrigger shading system should be applied to

the opening to cut down the glare issues

Natural illumination Calculation:

Given Eo : 32000 lux

DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%

11.25%= (Ei/32000)

Ei=11.25x32000=360000lux

3.1.2Courtyard

Figure 3 plan of Courtyard at ground floor

Courtyard is located on the ground floor. The whole area under a big atrium and

exposed to the sunlight, to provide sufficient sunlight to the green wall and trees at the

area..

Floor Area 187m2

Opening/Skylight area ( m2 ) 145 m2

Daylight Factor (DF) (145/187)x100%

=77.54% x 0.1

=7.75%

The daylight factor of the outdoor reading area is 7.75% which is considered to have

high thermal glare problems. More trees should be planted or apply shading device such

as loaves or canopy to cut down the glare issues

Natural illumination Calculation:

Given Eo : 32000 lux

DF = (Ei / Eo) x 100%

7.75%= (Ei/32000)

Ei=7.75x32000=248000 lux

3.2 Artificial lighting

3.2.1 Office

Figure 4 plan of office at third floor

According to Ms 1525, the standard illumination for an office (Figure 4) is 300-400

Product details :

Product name : suspended dual LED light tube (Zeta LED tube)

Size 600mm x 26mm

Colour Temperature 4500 K

Bulb colour Cool White

Lumens (initial) 1300 in each tube

Voltage AC 220V / AC 110V

Material Aluminium body, PC shell

Type of lighting Ambient

Life hours 50000

Note : 14 bulbs are needed to meet the required standard lux value of an office area

based on MS 1525

Location Office

Dimensions (m) Length, L = 3.9 Width, W = 6.7

Total floor area (m2) 26.13 m2

Standard required Illuminance (lux) ( referring MS1525 and IES standards)

300-400

Ceiling height (m) 3.75

Height of luminaires (m) 3.25

Height of work level (m) 0.8

Mounting height/H (hm) 2.45

Reflection factor Plaster Ceiling : 50 Concrete Wall : 30 Concrete Floor : 30

Room Index / ( RI ) K

26.13/(3.9+6.7)(2.45)=1

Utilization factor, UF 0.36

Maintenance factor, MF 0.8

Number of fittings required , N

N = ( 400 x 26.13 ) / (2600 x 0.36 x 0.8 ) = 10452 / 748.8 = 13.95 = 14 bulbs

Assuming spacing to height ratio (SHR) is 1:1,Hm=2.45m, so the spacing should be

exceeding 2.45

Thus, width/W=6.7m divided by spacing 2.45m,

6.7/2.45=2.73( take it as 3 rows of light)

Then since the number of light bulbs needed is 14, so 14/3=4.66. in order to have

sufficient light to illuminate the whole area one more light bulb will be added to balance

it, so the total light bulb needed is 15 and 5bulb each rows.

Figure 6 Light contour of office retrieved from DIALux evo 5.1 when the artificial system is on

Figure 5 Reflected ceiling plan of office

3.2.2 Meeting Room

Figure 7 Plan of meeting room at second floor

According to MS 1525. The standard illumination for a meeting room is 300

Type of Luminaire:

Product name : GE spiral Compact Fluorescent (CFLs) 13 Watt

Colour Temperature 2600k

Bulb colour Warm white

Lumens (initial) 825

Voltage 150

Incandescent equal 60W

Type of lighting Ambient

Life hours 8000

Colour Temperature 2600k

Note : 12 bulbs are needed to meet the required standard lux value of an office area

based on MS 1525

Location Meeting room

Dimensions (m) Length, L = 3m Width, W = 4m

Total floor area (m2) 12 m2

Standard required Illuminance (lux) ( referring MS1525 and IES standards)

300

Ceiling height (m) 3.75

Height of luminaires (m) 3.25

Height of work level (m) 0.8

Mounting height/H (hm) 2.45

Reflection factor Plaster Ceiling : 50 Concrete Wall : 30 Concrete Floor : 30

Room Index / ( RI ) K

12/(4+3)(2.45)=0.7

Utilization factor, UF 0.36

Maintenance factor, MF 0.8

Number of fittings required , N

N = ( 300 x 12 ) / (825 x 0.36 x 0.8 ) = 3600 / 297.8 = 12 bulbs

Assuming spacing to height ratio (SHR) is 1:1,Hm=2.45m, so the spacing should not be

exceeding 2.45

Thus, width/W=4m divided by spacing 2.45m,

4/2.45=1.63( take it as 2 rows of light)

Then since the number of light bulbs needed is 12, so 12/2=6 bulbs each row

Figure 9 Light Contour produced by Dialux evo 5 when the light system is switched on

Figure 8 Reflected ceiling plan of meeting room

3.3 Permanent Supplementary Artificial Lighting Interiors (PSALI)

3.3.1 Newsagent

Figure 10 the plan of Newsagent at ground floor

Floor area ( m2 ) 80m2

Opening + Skylight area ( m2 ) 29.6 m2 *the original area for opening +skylight area is 59.2,but the location of newsagent is located after 5 foot way which is 3m,so the area is assumed to be reduced to 29.6 m2

Daylight factor, DF ( 29.6/80 ) x 100% = 37% x 0.1 = 3.7%

The daylight factor of newsagent is 3.7% which is considered as good according to the

MS 1525 requirement. However, the lux level of skylight is assumed just enough to

illuminate the interior of the newsagent during the daytime until 3, because the site is

shaded by tall building. And also it facing east south, so after 1pm the sun is actually

slowly rotate and leaving to the back of building. In order to have sufficient

illumination to illuminate the interior of newsagent,

Spiral compact fluorescent is suggested to apply at the newsagent

As for the illuminance level, given the Eo = 20000 in Malaysia,

EEi = ( DF x Eo ) / 100%

= 3.7 x 20000 / 100%

= 740 lux

According to the table above, the recommended illumination level for a general shop

(Newsagent) should be kept at 200-750 and the result of calculation is maintained

within the number. So I propose spiral compact fluorescent to be installed at the

newsagent to create the nice ambience and have sufficient luminaire during the cloudy

and rainy day.

Figure 11 light contour of newsagent at 9am

Figure 12light contour of newsagent at 6pm

4.0 Acoustic Proposal 4.1 External Noise Sound Pressure level

4.1.1 Newsagent

Figure 13 plan of Newsagent

lᵢ= traffic noise = 70dB

Intensity: 70 = 10 log (Iᵢ/Io)

Log (Iᵢ/1x10-12) = 7.0

lᵢ ⁵

Activity noise

Iᵢ= activity noise = 30db

Intensity: 30 = 10 log (lᵢ/io)

Log(Iᵢ/1x10-12)= 3

lᵢ ⁹

otal intensity l ⁵ ⁹

⁵

log ⁵ ᴵ²)

= 70dB

The external noise travel through the newsagent that generated from the vehicles and

street activity is 70dB. The combined SPL of 70 dB has exceeded the sound level

requirement of a retail shop, which is 40 dB. In order to resolve this issue, the façade is

proposed to have curtain wall with laminated glass and feature with green wall before

the curtain wall. Laminated glass is good in reflecting the noise that is reduced when

sound passes through the window. Also, the leaves on green wall attenuate sound by

reflecting, refracting and absorbing sound, that the combination of curtain wall and

green wall could have a good sound control.

4.1.2 Teen’s library

Figure 14 Plan of Teen's Library at first floor

lᵢ= traffic noise = 70dB

Intensity: 70 = 10 log (Iᵢ/Io)

Log (Iᵢ/1x10-12) = 7.0

lᵢ ⁵

Activity noise

Iᵢ= activity noise = 30db

Intensity: 30 = 10 log (lᵢ/io)

Log(Iᵢ/1x10-12)= 3

lᵢ ⁹

otal intensity l ⁵ + 1x 10 ⁹

⁵

log ⁵/ 1x 10 ᴵ²)

= 70dB

The external noise travel through the teenager’s library that generated from the

vehicles and street activity is 70dB. The combined SPL of 70 dB has exceeded the sound

level requirement of a library, which is 35 dB. In order to resolve this issue, the façade is

proposed to have curtain wall with laminated glass and feature with green wall before

the curtain wall. Laminated glass is good in reflecting the noise that is reduced when

sound passes through the window. Also, the leaves on green wall attenuate sound by

reflecting, refracting and absorbing sound, that the combination of curtain wall and

green wall could have a good sound control.

4.2 Reverberation time - office

Room height : 4m

Standard reverberation time for office = 0.8 – 1.2s

Peak hour capacity = 10

Volume of office = (3.9x6.7x4)m

=104.52m3

Material Function Area /m²

Absorption Coefficient at 2000 Hz (S)

Sound Absorption (SA)

Plastered Cement

Ceiling 26.13 0.04 1.045

Concrete Wall 84.8 0.09 7.632

Concrete Column 60.75 0.01 0.608

Glass Door 1.6 0.07 0.112

Window 1.8 0.07 0.126

Timber Table 6.24 0.1 0.624

Fabric Chair 0.9 0.7 0.630

Concrete Cement Finishes

Floor 21.45 0.02 0.429

People 5 0.46 2.3

Total sound absorption by material 13.506

RT=(0.16xV)/A

A where V volume of space , A otal Absorption ₁A₁ ₂A₂ ₃A₃ … nAn

Reverberation time ( Peak Hour)

RT= (0.16xv)/A

= (0.16x104.52)/13.506 = 1.2s

According to acoustic Standard ANSI(2008), the optimum reverberation time of the

office room during peak hour is 0.8-1.2s, so reverberation time calculated is meet the

requirement.

4.3 Transmission loss-office

Human conversation

lᵢ= human conversation = 65dB

Intensity: 65 = 10 log(lᵢ/io)

Log(lᵢ I ²)= 6.5

lᵢ ⁶

Total intensity= 4.5x10 12 ⁶

= 3.6x10-6

SPL = 10 log (3.6 ⁶ I ²)

= 65dB

Tav = (6.27x10-3/88.2) = 7.11x10-5

SRI overall = 10 log (1/Tav)

= 10 log(1/7.11x10-5)

=41.48dB

The noise of philosophy and religion collection area (65db) during peak hour, is reduced

41.48db during transmission, resulting a sound level of 23.52db when it reaches the

interior of office. In conclusion, the calculation’s result has proved that the acoustic

performance strategies and the material proposed are appropriate

Activity noise

Iᵢ= activity noise = 45dB

Intensity: 30 = 10 log (lᵢ/io)

Log(Iᵢ I ²)= 3

lᵢ = 4.5x10 2

4.4 Reverberation time – meeting room

Room height 4m

Standard reverberation time for meeting room = 0.8 – 1.2s

Peak hour capacity = 10

Volume of office = (4x3x4)m

=48m3

Material Function Area /m²

Absorption Coefficient at 2000 Hz (S)

Sound Absorption (SA)

Plastered Cement

Ceiling 12 0.04 0.48

Concrete Wall 52 0.09 4.68

Concrete Column 60.75 0.01 0.61

Glass Door 1.6 0.07 0.11

Timber Table 2.2 0.1 0.22

Fabric Chair 0.96 0.7 0.67

Concrete Cement Finishes

Floor 12 0.02 0.24

People 6 0.46 2.76

Total sound absorption by material 9.77

RT=(0.16xV)/A

A where V= volume of space, A otal Absorption ₁A₁ ₂A₂ ₃A₃ … nAn

Reverberation time (Peak Hour)

RT= (0.16xv)/A

= (0.16x48)/9.77

=0.8s

The reverberation time for the meeting room during peak hour is 0.8s. According to

Acoustic Standard ANSI (2008), the optimum reverberation time for a meeting room is

0.8-1.2s, hence it can be concluded that the meeting room has meet the requirement.

4.5 Transmission loss – meeting room

Human conversation

lᵢ= human conversation = 65dB

Intensity: 65 = 10 log(lᵢ/io)

Log(lᵢ I ²)= 6.5

lᵢ ⁶

otal intensity ⁹ ⁶

⁶

log ⁶/1x I ²)

= 65dB

Tav = (1.43x10-2/53.6) = 2.67x10-4

SRI overall = 10 log (1/Tav)

= 10 log(1/2.67x10-4)

=35.85dB

The meeting room is located in between of two meeting rooms and before meeting

room is an adult library. The noise produced from the rooms (65db) during peak hour, is

reduced 35.85db during transmission, resulting a sound level of 29.15db when it

reaches the interior of meeting room. 29.15 is within the range of recommended level

for a meeting room, which proved that the acoustic performance strategies and the

material proposed are appropriate.

Activity noise

Iᵢ= activity noise = 45dB

Intensity: 30 = 10 log (lᵢ/io)

Log(Iᵢ I ²)= 3

lᵢ = 4.5x10 2

5.0 Reference

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Viridian :: New World Glassâ„¢. Viridianglass.com. Retrieved 30 November 2015,

from http://www.viridianglass.com/knowledge/Noise/default.aspx

Malaysia. (2007). Code of practice on energy efficiency and use of renewable energy for

non-residential buildings (first revision). Putrajaya: Department of Standard Malaysia.

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