light, the eye and optics. light aka visible electromagnetic radiation
TRANSCRIPT
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Light, the Eyeand Optics
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Lightaka Visible Electromagnetic Radiation
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Wavelength ≈ 1/Frequency
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Visible Spectrum:400-700 nm
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Visibility as a Function of WaveLength (Vl)(Light Adapted Eye)
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Why 400-700 nm?
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Visible Spectrum (400-700 nm)versus Nature of Sunlight
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Polarization(Orientation of Electric Field)
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Light FactsSpeed of Light 186,000 miles/s; 300 Million m/s (psychologically instantaneous)
Energy in light is wavelength dependent E = h * frequency = h * 1/wavelength (shorter wavelengths have greater energy)
Psychological light measurement units:
LUMEN Total light “flux” emitted by a source (WATTS x Visibility Function)
LUX Illumination (Light distribution falling on a surface) (lumens/m2)
LUMINANCE Light from reflective surface as captured by the eye (lumens/sr/m2) candela/m2 (nit)
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Refraction of LightBend toward normal entering dense medium.
Bend away from normal leaving dense medium.
Snell’s Law: sin θ1/sin θ2 = n2/n1 …… n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law
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The Human Eye
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Six Extraocular Muscles
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The Human Eye
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Physiological Optics
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Power of LensIncreases with Curvature
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Refraction of LightBend toward normal entering dense medium.
Bend away from normal leaving dense medium.
Snell’s Law: sin θ1/sin θ2 = n2/n1 …… n1 sin θ1 = n2 sin θ2 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snell's_law
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Accommodation of the Lens(Variable Focal Length)
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Refractive States of the Eye
EmmetroiaHyperopia
Myopia(Astigmatism)
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Hyperopia
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Myopia
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Corneal Astigmatism
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Simulated Astigmatism
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“Correcting” Astigmatismwith Spherical Lenses
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End