light management in new photovoltaic materials management in new photovoltaic materials fom...

Light management in new photovoltaic

materialsFOM programme nr. 131

Mid-term Report 2011-2016

F O M I N S T I T U T E A M O L F | L M P V M I D - T E R M R E P O RT 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 62

Light management in new photovoltaic

materialsFOM programme nr. 131

Mid-term Report 2011-2016

FOM Institute AMOLF, Amsterdam

LMPVLight management

in new photovoltaic materials

Colofon

Photography: Mark Knight

Cartoons: Tremani, Henk-Jan Boluijt

Front cover: artist’s impression of InP nanowire solar cell

(Nature Nanotech. 2016)

Rear cover: solar panel test field at AMOLF

October 2016

© FOM Institute AMOLF

Science Park 104

1098 XG Amsterdam, the Netherlands

www.lmpv.nl


• Three new GROUP LEADERS hired: Erik Garnett, Bruno Ehrler, and Esther Alarcón Lladó.

• NEW LABORATORIES constructed for wet-chemical materials synthesis, hybrid organic/inorganic thin-film materials synthesis, nano-electrochemistry, and opto-electronic characterization.

• PERSONNEL: 14 PhD students hired of which 5 graduated (2 cum laude); 9 postdocs hired; 22 master’s students trained.

• PUBLICATIONS: 66 papers published, 5 papers in press, 10 papers in review.

• IMPACT/QUALITY: 58% of published papers in high-impact journals. Citation impact: 3.36 times world average.

• ADDITIONAL GRANTS: 7.7 M€ acquired (FOM, NWO, TKI, ERC, etc.).

• COLLABORATIONS with top-level international partners: Cambridge, EPFL, Stanford, Caltech, etc.

• COORDINATION of national PV initiatives: establishment of Solardam, NWA Materials Science route, national PV research network, national PV workshops.

• KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER: alliance with ECN; research contracts with ASI, ASML, Bruker, Delmic, DSM, FEI, Philips; 6 patent applications.

• Many AWARDS, outreach activities, and extensive media attention.

Summary of LMPV achievements

F O M I N S T I T U T E A M O L F | L M P V M I D - T E R M R E P O RT 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 6 5

12

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10

Contents

1 Introduction .................................................................... 6

2 Scientific report 2011-2016 ........................................... 7

Group Garnett (Nanoscale Solar Cells) ....................... 7

Group Ehrler (Hybrid Solar Cells) ................................ 7

Group Alarcón Lladó (3D Photovoltaics) .................... 8

Group Polman (Photonic Materials) ............................ 9

Satellite project Vanmaekelbergh ............................. 10

Satellite project Schropp ............................................. 10

3 Personnel ....................................................................... 10

4 Publications ................................................................... 11

5 Programme activities .................................................. 11

6 Finances ......................................................................... 13

7 Knowledge and technology transfer ........................ 13

8 Honors and awards ..................................................... 14

9 Student education, outreach ...................................... 15

10 Research plan 2017-2020 ............................................ 15

Appendix A Personnel ................................................ 18

Appendix B Publications ............................................. 20

Appendix C Additionally acquired grants ............... 25

Appendix D Media attention, outreach .................... 26


Photovoltaics, the direct conversion of sunlight to electricity, is a

promising technology that enables the generation of electrical

power at a very large scale. It has the potential to make a

significant contribution to a clean, affordable and sustainable

energy supply for our society. However, to make photovoltaic

energy sources fully competitive with fossil fuel technologies

and allow very large scale application, generation costs must be

further reduced and, related to that, the efficiency of

photovoltaic energy conversion must be further increased.

These goals cannot be achieved by a simple extension and/or

optimization of existing photovoltaic conversion concepts and

technologies. The key challenge in photovoltaics energy

research is to invent revolutionary new, original, and effective

energy conversion concepts that increase conversion efficiency

and reduce materials and fabrication costs.

In the past decades, photovoltaics research worldwide has very

much focused on the science and engineering of new

photovoltaic materials and geometries. Understanding and

optimizing the flow and capture of light in wavelength-scale

photovoltaic systems, however, has been an overlooked

opportunity for efficiency gains and fundamental discoveries.

Since the establishment of the Center for Nanophotonics at

AMOLF in 2005, a large body of knowledge and expertise has

been built up at AMOLF on the behavior of light at the

nanoscale. In 2011, AMOLF started a new program “Light

Management in New Photovoltaic Materials” (FOM Focus Group

LMPV), taking advantage of the nanophotonics expertise for

photovoltaics. The new program investigates advanced

nanoscale light and carrier management with the aim to

improve photovoltaic energy conversion. The program brings

together expertise in fundamental nanophotonics, materials

synthesis, device physics, spectroscopy, nanofabrication, and

nanocharacterization.

The goal of the LMPV program is to develop fundamental

understanding of the interaction of light with photovoltaic

nanomaterials, and apply this knowledge to -eventually- realize

photovoltaic conversion concepts that surpass existing

technology. The LMPV research program targets three long-term

efficiency goals: (1) towards 30% efficiency: light coupling,

trapping and carrier collection geometries to reach or stretch

the ultimate limits of Si technology; (2) 30-40% efficiency: hybrid

solar cell geometries based on organic/inorganic materials, and

thin-film/wafer-Si tandem cells; (3) beyond 40% efficiency: novel

III-V nanowire geometries and other hybrid architectures.

Achieving these goals requires synthesis and development of

entirely new materials and solar cell architectures, and

fundamental research on hybridizing strategies combining

concepts from dielectrics and metamaterials, to managing light

on length scales from the molecular scale to that of a solar

panel, and to harness extreme materials properties to reach the

limits of what is possible under reciprocity and thermody-

namics. The LMPV program’s primary goal is to achieve

fundamental understanding of basic physical phenomena that

are relevant for future (>5-10 years) application in photovoltaics.

In many cases, demonstrator devices are made as well, either at

AMOLF or with external collaborators.

The worldwide photovoltaics industry has a turnover

approaching 100 B€ per year, and is mostly based on Si solar

panels with an efficiency of 15-20%. Any new photovoltaic

design concept that can enhance efficiency by 1% absolute, and

that can be applied at a large scale, has a potential value of

several billions of euros. Therefore, more than in any other

research field, major progress in photovoltaics research is

measured in (very) small efficiency steps.

1 Introduction


1 Introduction

LMPV group leaders Alarcón Lladó, Polman, Ehrler and Garnett

The LMPV Focus Group is headed by Albert Polman. The first

new group leader, Erik Garnett (PhD UC Berkeley, postdoc

Stanford University), started on 1-9-2012 with a research

program on nanowire solar cells. The second group leader,

Bruno Ehrler (PhD and post-doc Cambridge University) started

on 1-11-2014, initiating a research program on hybrid organic/

inorganic solar cells. The third group leader, Esther Alarcón Lladó (PhD at CSIC Spain, postdoc and researcher at A-Star

Singapore, EPFL and UC Berkeley) has started on 1-2-2016, and is

building up a research program on electrochemical growth of

compound semiconductor nanowires. In addition, the LMPV

program funds two satellite PhD projects in the groups of

Daniel Vanmaekelbergh (UU) and Ruud Schropp (TUE).

The LMPV Focus Group is funded by FOM (5.400 k€) and AMOLF

(2.270 k€) for the period 2011-2019. The four research groups

also acquire additional funds (FOM, NWO, TKI, ERC, etc.) to

expand their groups. These external funds (7.690 k€ so far) are

an essential aspect of the LMPV program as they are key to the

growth of the program to the desired size of ~30-35 researchers.

This mid-term report provides an overview of the research

funded through the LMPV Focus Group and the additional funds

so far.


Group Garnett (Nanoscale Solar Cells)Garnett’s group has diverse interests at the border between

chemistry, physics and materials science. His group began in

September 2012. It has reached a steady-state size of 10 people,

with nearly 4 M€ in external funding awarded, 4 patents

submitted and 16 articles published in journals including

Science, Nature Nanotechnology, Advanced Materials and Nano

Letters. All projects have the goal of understanding nanoma-

terials at a deeper level in order to make high-efficiency,

low-cost solar conversion devices. The primary research

directions are described briefly below.

Advanced optoelectronic measurements A novel integrating sphere microscopy setup was constructed

with the unique capability of mapping quantitative

absorptance, internal quantum efficiency and photolumi-

nescence quantum yield with diffraction-limited spatial

resolution. Integrating sphere microscopy allowed us to

measure for the first time the thermodynamic limit of a single

nanowire solar cell, compare that limit to a planar device and

identify/quantify remaining loss mechanisms. A second related

project used super-resolution microscopy for the first time to

understand nanophotonic coupling and resonant effects in

semiconducting nanowires. Nanophotonic coupling plays a

central role in the antenna effect, which has been proposed as a

mechanism for nanowires to break the standard Shockley-

Queisser limit.

Nanophotonic theory and simulations We have investigated the role nanophotonics plays in solar cell

efficiency limits (especially if/where they differ from planar

cells) and created design rules for reaching those limits. The

early work studied metal-semiconductor core-shell nanowire

superabsorbers, which can reduce the semiconductor thickness

required for full solar absorption by a factor of ~100. We then

examined the claim that concentration by nanoscale antennas

can be used to break the standard Shockley-Queisser limit and

discovered that although they appear similar, there are

important fundamental differences between macroscopic and

nanophotonic light concentration. Most notably, the antenna

effect itself cannot be used to break the Shockley-Queisser limit;

it must be accompanied by a change in directivity. We provided

design rules for reaching high directivity values and outlined

the possible gains in efficiency for perfect materials and those

with substantial non-radiative recombination. Most recently, we

began studying photon recycling effects in nanostructures,

which must be considered when nanophotonic solar cells

approach the radiative limit.

Halide perovskite synthesis and characterization The combination of solution-processability and excellent

optoelectronic properties make halide perovskites uniquely

suited for studying nanophotonic effects. To this end, we have

developed novel synthetic routes to make monocrystalline

halide perovskite materials including nanostructures and

nanopatterned thin-films. We have shown that the emission

wavelength and angular distribution can be controlled by the

nanoscale pattern and have recently demonstrated distributed

feedback lasers from such solution-processed structures.

Additionally, we have varied the grain size and surface

passivation layers to study grain boundary and surface recombi-

nation effects and developed a rapid screening tool for

measuring minority carrier diffusion length – one of the most

important quantitative measures of material quality.

Metal nanowire transparent electrodes for next generation solar cellsMetal nanowire transparent electrodes have already shown

comparable or even better performance compared to

transparent conducting oxide films currently used in thin-film

photovoltaics. We have now developed a

fabrication method that combines the

advantages of controlled nanopatterns

enabled by lithographic processing with

the higher conductivity and lower cost

reached by solution synthesis. We have

also implemented metal nanowire

networks for the first time as both the

transparent electrode and charge-

separating interface (i.e. without a p-n

junction) in both Cu2O and Si solar cells.

Currently, we are investigating

possibilities to make monocrystalline

metal nanowire transparent electrodes

that would double the conductivity of

state-of-the-art electrodes. We are also

2 Scientific report 2011-2016

Limits and losses in nanophotonic

solar cells quantified using

integrating sphere microscopy (Nature

Nanotech. 2016)


exploring new possibilities for tandem interdigitated back

contact (IBC) solar cells enabled by metal nanowire electrodes.

Group Ehrler (Hybrid Solar Cells)Ehrler’s group focusses on the development and understanding

of novel hybrid organic/inorganic solar cells that could enable

efficiencies beyond the standard Shockley-Queisser limit for a

single-junction solar cell. His group was initiated in November

2014 and currently consists of seven people, with five master

students already graduated. The group attracted almost 900 k€

in external funding. Recent results were published in Science,

Nano Letters, ACS Energy Letters, and The Journal of Physical

Chemistry Letters, among others.

Hybrid singlet fission solar cellsSinglet fission is a process in organic semiconductors by which

a high-energy photon is split into two low-energy particles. That

way a solar cell can produce two electrons per photon instead

of one, drastically increasing the achievable efficiency. We aim

to incorporate this advantage into conventional silicon solar

cells. We recently invented a parallel tandem configuration of a

pentacene solar cell on top of a silicon solar cell and achieved

106% external quantum efficiency, which means that every

incoming photon produced 1.06 electrons. Producing more than

one electron per photon has not been achieved with a silicon

solar cell to date, and shows the potential of singlet fission to

increase solar cell efficiency. We also showed that this parallel

tandem solar cell is very stable against changes in the incoming

solar spectrum. We collaborate with ECN and the Helmholtz

Centre on the silicon/organic interface, and study charge and

energy transfer from the organic singlet fission material into

silicon using time-resolved spectroscopy and cathodolumi-

nescence. The most common singlet fission materials

(pentacene, tetracene and derivatives) are unstable when

exposed to oxygen and light, limiting practical applications. We

have recently made the first solar cells from environmentally

stable singlet fission materials terrylene and perylene diimide.

Singlet fission spectroscopyBesides the solar cells we study the fundamentals of the singlet

fission process. This process depends heavily on the interaction

between the organic molecules, and we change the coupling of

molecules using hydrostatic pressure. Hydrostatic pressure is a

clean way to change the distance between the molecules in a

very controlled fashion, without changing the crystal or

molecular geometry. We are currently using optical

spectroscopy (transient photoluminescence, ultrafast transient

absorption) to study the changes in singlet fission efficiency.

This understanding will help to design more efficient singlet

fission materials.

Hybrid perovskite spectroscopySolar cells made from hybrid perovskites have seen an unprec-

edented rise in power conversion efficiency over the past years.

The most likely path to the market for hybrid perovskites is the

use as a top cell in perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells. We

have calculated the theoretical maximum efficiency under

realistic conditions for a range of tandem solar cell configu-

rations (module tandem, series tandem and four-terminal

tandem), and found that four-terminal and module tandem

cells are much more stable against spectral changes than

series-connected tandem cells. We also found that the conven-

tional lead iodide perovskites only allow for higher efficiency in

a four-terminal tandem configuration. Yet, the fundamental

understanding as to why these materials are so efficient is

lacking behind the achievements in device efficiency. We

recently found that hybrid perovskites undergo photon

recycling, which promises to bring the solar cell efficiency close

to the value of GaAs solar cells. Hybrid perovskites have always

been thought of as direct bandgap semiconductors due to the

strong absorption and sharp absorption edge. However, we

found that they possess an indirect bandgap just below the

direct bandgap. This protects the charge carriers from recombi-

nation and is responsible for the unusually long charge carrier

lifetime, which explains why they perform so efficiently in

many different device structures. We are now exploring the

origin of this carrier protection, and whether it is a general

property of hybrid perovskites.

Group Alarcón Lladó (3D Photovoltaics)Alarcón Lladó’s group aims at exploiting the extended degrees

of freedom offered in nanostructures to fabricate new

unconventional solar cell designs with high conversion

efficiency at low cost. Her group (3D Photovoltaics) started in

Photon recycling enables ultra-high

efficiency perovskite solar

cells (Science 2016)


February 2016 and has now one PhD student a visiting PhD

student and two master students. All projects are developed in

a synergistic manner between physics, material nanofabri-

cation, photonics and electrochemistry, from both theoretical

and experimental points of view. The primary research

directions are described briefly below.

New fabrication method for 3D nanostructures: III-V nano-semiconductors for solar cellsThe group focuses on extending the boundaries of 3D additive

nano-manufacturing for the bottom-up fabrication of functional

semiconductor nanostructures in solution. We expect that the

flexibility and low-cost of the fabrication method will open up a

new range of possibilities for the generation of novel device

geometries in the domain of photonics and energy conversion.

In particular, III-V semiconductors, such as GaAs, have shown

best solar energy conversion efficiencies so far in single

junction and tandem devices. However, one of their main

disadvantages is the large material and fabrication costs. In this

sense, our aim is to develop and exploit a bottom-up synthesis

method of inorganic III-V 3D-nanostructures towards the

fabrication of efficient low cost energy conversion devices. Our

approach is based on confined electrochemical deposition

through a scanning probe nanoelectrode. In order to ensure a

rapid successful development of the technique, we have

engaged a relationship with the Bruker company to coopera-

tively develop the application tool for nanoelectrochemical

growth with their atomic force microscopes. This will result in a

powerful platform offering new grounds to current additive

nanomanufacturing tools with the potential to a sheet-to-sheet

fabrication by using multielectrode arrays. The flexibility and

low-cost of the fabrication method will open a new range of

possibilities for the generation of novel devices, in particular in

the domain of photonics and energy conversion. As a first task,

we are currently working on assessing the limits of the

nano-deposition technique in all 3 dimensions via the

deposition of one-element metallic structures.

Integrated PVNot only is the group interested in high conversion efficiencies,

but also in widening the range of functionalities of

photovoltaics, such as the integration of PV with small

consumer electronics or large building components. In

particular, the characteristic interaction between light and

sub-wavelength semiconductors results in optical responses

uncorrelated to their bulk counterparts. Depending on the

nanostructure morphology and collective arrangement, the

photovoltaic active material can be tuned in color and/or

transparency. This modulation in turn affects the PV

performance not only by the absolute number of photons that

are absorbed, but also through the spectral and angular

distribution of absorption/emission. As a result, larger open

circuit potentials can be achieved than in compositionally

equivalent bulk semiconductors.

2D materials for solar energyLayered materials, such as graphene or metal chalcogenides,

have raised great interest in the fields of electronics, optoelec-

tronics and catalysis, due to their particular electronic band

structure and its dependence on layer stacking. We previously

demonstrated, in collaboration with A. Kis at EPFL, that

monolayer MoS2 on silicon can also be used to convert solar

energy into electricity. Despite the reduced thickness of the

MoS2, it can act as a good electron scavenger with excellent

in-plane conductivities. We want to exploit these properties to

achieve highly conducting transparent contacts for silicon PV

and nanowire-based solar cells. On the other hand, structural

defects such as under-coordinated sulfur atoms or strained

sulfur vacancies, possess a metallic character that allow a

catalytic reduction of protons into hydrogen. This makes the

combination of MoS2-like layers with other semiconductor

materials ideal for the cost-effective direct conversion of solar

energy to hydrogen. There is still limited quantitative

understanding on the correlation between the catalytic activity

and the microscopic structure of MoS2-like materials. Our goal

is to provide an insight to the interplay between crystal

structure and hydrogen reduction properties by using a

combination of electrochemical probe microscopy, transmission

electron microscopy and morphologically controlled defects.

Group Polman (Photonic Materials)Polman’s group focuses on the development of optical

metasurfaces and metamaterials for enhanced light coupling

Nano-electro-chemical growth of

3D photovoltaic architectures


and trapping in thin-film and Si wafer-based solar cells. The

group also explores alternative energy conversion mechanisms

and develops new tools for nanofabrication and nanocharacteri-

zation.

Plasmonic and dielectric resonant metasurfacesResonant light scatterers such as plasmonic noble metal

nanoparticles and dielectric Mie scatterers, have high optical

cross sections and can store and reradiate light in controlled

ways. We have investigated how SiO2 nanoparticles can be

embedded in ultra-thin copper-indium-gallium-selenide (CIGS)

solar cells. A strongly enhanced near-infrared photocurrent was

observed due to enhanced light trapping, in conjunction with

an enhanced photovoltage, due to a reduction in carrier

recombination at the CIGS/Mo back contact. Furthermore, we

have demonstrated that Ag nanowire networks show

anomalous optical transmission and can serve as efficient

transparent conductors. We fabricated these arrays on Si

heterojunction solar cells made using industrial conditions and

found they can enhance the efficiency compared to cells with

conventional indium-tin-oxide top contacts.

Plasmo-electric effectWe have discovered a new optical phenomenon, in a collabo-

ration with Caltech, that we termed the plasmo-electric effect.

It is observed when a nanohole array in an ultrathin Au film is

illuminated with monochromatic light. When these fully-metal

nanostructures are illuminated with a wavelength off the

plasmon resonance a large photovoltage (100 mV) is observed,

with a polarity that can be controlled by the excitation

wavelength. The measurements are described by a thermo-

dynamic model we have developed in which the entropic gain

due to light-induced heating is balanced by the electrostatic

energy build-up due to charging. The reverse effect, a control of

the plasmon resonance in Au nanocircuits under electrical

excitation, was also observed.

Soft imprint technologyTogether with Philips Group Innovation IP&S, we have

developed substrate conformal imprint lithography (SCIL) as a

technique to fabricate large-area nanopatterns integrated with

solar cells of several different types. When combined with

lift-off and reactive ion etching techniques, SCIL can create

metallic and dielectric nanostructures with features as small as

10 nm. SCIL is now a well-established technique in our

cleanroom and is used by many users within the LMPV

program. We are supporting Philips IP&S towards their goal to

spin off a company that will market a high-throughput SCIL tool

for research and commercial applications.

Cathodoluminescence imaging spectroscopyWe have developed angle- and polarization-resolved cathodolu-

minescence spectroscopy (ARCIS) as a tool to study optical

phenomena with 10 nm spatial resolution. The technique

employs a 30 keV scanning electron microscope as an excitation

source, in combination with a broad range of optical detection

capabilities. It has been used to investigate localized resonant

optical modes in a broad range of resonant plasmonic and

dielectric nanostructures. It has also been used to investigate

spatially-resolved radiative emission in perovskite and organic

thin films. Most recently, a new ARCIS microscope has been

installed which features time-resolved excitation (1 ns electron

pulse width) enabling lifetime imaging of photovoltaic materials

with a spatial resolution far below the emitted optical

wavelengths.

Satellite project VanmaekelberghThis project focused on three main topics. The first topic was

the understanding of nonradiative loss mechanisms in

nanocrystal quantum dots. Important findings were that the

rate of Auger recombination, which occurs at high charge

carrier densities, is suppressed in quantum dots with a

core-shell geometry, where the shell can be spherical or

rod-shaped. Furthermore, temporary charge carrier trapping

was discovered to occur after 10-50% of the absorption events in

a quantum dot, depending on the shape and composition. This

process is therefore much more frequent than commonly

assumed, and must be considered to understand the fate of

excitations in quantum dots. The second topic of the project

was the self-assembly of nanocrystals from a dilute dispersion

into ordered device-scale superstructures. Scattering

experiments were performed at the ESRF synchrotron in

Grenoble, France, to follow the self-assembly in situ and in real

150% photon-to-electron conversion efficiency in solution-pro-cessable singlet-fission solar cells (Nano Lett. 2015)


time. They revealed how the shape and ligand coverage of

nanocrystals can be used to control the crystallographic

orientation in the final superstructure. The last topic studied

was spectral conversion using lanthanide ions, including

upconversion and downconversion. Using analytical and Monte

Carlo modelling, the energy transfer processes occurring in

several lanthanide-doped (nano)crystals were analyzed in

detail. Important results are that the efficiency of nonradiative

energy transfer can be increased by reducing the density of

optical states, and that YAG:Ce3+,Yb3+ is not a downconversion

material (converting one photon to two) despite recent claims.

Satellite project SchroppThis project investigates how the efficiency of c-Si cells can be

boosted to ~30% by focusing on the light management in

4-terminal hybrid tandem junction solar cells consisting of

wide-bandgap thin film “top” cells and crystalline silicon

“bottom” cells. As wide-bandgap top cell we focus on perovskite

materials as this type holds promise for a low cost complement

to the c-Si cell. We studied the chemical stability of perovskite

layers during Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) of a highly

transparent In2O3:H electrode layer for solar cells that was

newly developed at the TUE. Iodide perovskite decomposes

during In2O3:H deposition due to the water vapor used as an

oxidant in this process. Bromide perovskite is found to be

considerably more stable. A protection layer of 10 nm thermally

evaporated MoOx was found to significantly improve the

stability of iodide perovskite. Most recently, we found that an

ultrathin ALD Al2O3 layers boosts the initial efficiency (+3%

absolute) of cells with medium high (~15%) efficiency and

greatly reduces hysteresis in illuminated I-V measurements.

Moreover, their ambient degradation due to humidity is

drastically decreased, which may provide a path to perovskite

solar cells with increased reliability and industrial relevance.

Plasmo-electric effect creates

photovoltage in resonant

plasmonic nanohole arrays

(Science 2014)


3 Personnel

The total staff hired for the LMPV program is shown in Table I. A distinction is made

between personnel hired from the LMPV grant (FOM or AMOLF contribution) and from

additional grants acquired by the group leaders. An overview of all personnel working

within LMPV is given in Appendix A. In addition to those listed in Table I, LMPV has

provided research projects to 22 master’s students and 4 bachelor’s students.

LMPV grant (FOM)

LMPV grant (AMOLF)

Additional grants

TOTAL

Group leaders 2 1 1 4

PhD students 5 1 8 14

Postdocs 1 0 8 9

Visiting professors, guests 0 0 5.3 5.3

Technicians 1 1 0 2

Total 9 3 22.3 34.3

Table I Personnel that works/worked on the LMPV program (status 1-9-2016)

LMPV team meeting

Group leaders, PhD students and postdocs working for LMPV either directly funded by LMPV (blue) or on additional grants acquired by LMPV group leaders (red)


So far, 66 articles from LMPV research have been published in

peer-reviewed international journals, 5 papers are in press and

10 papers are under review (see Appendix B). So far, 5 PhD

theses were completed (2 cum laude), and 14 master’s theses and

4 bachelor’s theses were fi nalized.

Table II summarizes the journals in which LMPV papers were

published, as well as their impact factors. Overall, 58% of the

LMPV papers are published in high-impact factor (IF>10)

journals. A citation analysis was carried out by CWTS (Leiden)

on all papers published from 2011-2016. This study shows that

the impact factor of journals in which LMPV papers appeared is

3.43 times the world average. The fi eld-normalized average

citation impact of LMPV papers (2012-2014) is 3.36 times the

world average. These papers are represented 4.10 times more

than average in the top-10% most-highly cited papers

worldwide. The paper that provided the initial ideas that led to

the establishment of the LMPV program (Nature Mater. 9, 205

(2010)) is the most highly cited article published in Nature

Materials since 2010 (> 3400 citations). It was not included in the

citation analysis above.

Impact Factor # papers

Nature Mater. 38.9 2

Nature Nanotech. 35.3 2

Science 34.7 5

Adv. Mater. 19.0 1

Nano Lett. 13.8 12

Light. Sci. Appl. 13.6 2

ACS Nano 13.3 10

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 13.0 2

Nature Comm. 11.3 2

Other <10 28

TOTAL 66

papers in high impact journals (IF>10) 58%

Table II LMPV publications

4 Publications

PhD thesis covers Journal and citation impact data of LMPV papers relative to fi eld-nor-

malized worldwide average, and relative representation within top-10% most

cited papers worldwide (CWTS, 2016).


LMPV progress meetingsThe LMPV program holds quarterly Progress Meetings at AMOLF.

Each meeting has the following schedule:

• Invited presentation by an external speaker from another

Dutch university/institute.

• Poster session at which all LPMV team members present

their work.

• 1-slide oral presentations of all collaborative projects

between two or more research groups.

• Plenary discussion on new developments, equipment,

collaborations.

LMPV/Nanophotonics colloquia, meetings Every week, AMOLF’s Nanophotonics department, which is

composed of seven research groups including the four LMPV

groups, holds the “Nanophotonics colloquium”. The program is

alternatingly a colloquium in which two PhD students, postdocs

or master students give a 45 min. presentation, or a poster

session in which every group presents ~2-3 posters. In 2015, a

4-day Nanophotonics/photovoltaics summer school (55 attendees)

was held in Friesland at which lectures were given on

fundamental aspects of nanophotonics/photovoltaics. The

seven nanophotonics/photovoltaics group leaders hold a weekly

work lunch to coordinate activities and discuss recent

developments. In addition, the four LMPV group leaders hold a

bi-weekly meeting to discuss LMPV-related items. A strategic

planning workshop to review all projects was held with all

LMPV PhD students and postdocs in September 2016.

LMPV summer symposiaThe LMPV program has started a tradition of a yearly

symposium at which the entire Dutch PV research community

is invited. The program is usually composed of 4 invited talks by

renowned international speakers and a poster session at which

all attendees can present a poster. The three LMPV tenure-track

group leaders serve as symposium chairs. So far, LMPV summer

symposia (attracting some 80 attendees) were held in June 2013,

2015 and 2016; the next one will be held on June 23, 2017. In

November 2015, a symposium Our solar energy future, was held

to celebrate the 60th anniversary of Wim Sinke (150 attendees).

SolardamLMPV has played a key role in establishing Solardam, the

consortium of all researchers in Science Park Amsterdam that

are active in solar energy research at AMOLF, the University of

Amsterdam (UvA), the VU University Amsterdam, and ECN.

5 Programme activities

Attendees at annual LMPV Summer Symposium (2015)


A total of over 100 PhD students and postdocs, supervised by

some 20 PIs are working in Amsterdam on photovoltaics,

photocatalysis and photosynthesis. Solardam had its official

kick-off in 2015 with the hiring of 8 postdocs funded by the

UvA/VU alliance program. The Solardam partners submitted a

research proposal to the NWO “Zwaartekracht” round in 2016

that is presently under review.

National Science AgendaIn 2016, AMOLF took the lead in one of the routes for the

National Science Agenda (NWA), entitled “Materialen – made in

Holland”. In this NWA route research on photovoltaic materials

is one of the main themes. This initiative was built on the report

“Dutch Materials – Challenges for materials science in the

Netherlands” that was completed in 2015 by a committee of

specialists from academia and industry under the guidance of

Albert Polman. This report presents a plan for a national

materials research initiative that will be carried out by NWO in

the coming years. The first Program Call, entitled “Materials for

Sustainability” (11 M€) will open in the Spring of 2017.

National PV research network and National Roadmap Large-scale Research InfrastructureIn 2016, LMPV took the lead to make an inventory of all

researchers active in photovoltaic research in the Netherlands.

The aim of this inventory is to have PhD students, postdocs and

research leaders be informed about each other’s research

activities, in order to stimulate exchange of information,

materials, know-how and technology. Such network will also

help the creation of collaborative national research proposals.

A first joint proposal (“Towards high-efficiency hybrid tandem

solar cells”), is being drafted between AMOLF, ECN, TUD, TUE,

and UvA and will be submitted to NWO in the Fall of 2016.

AMOLF has coordinated with ECN and TNO to contribute a

national solar research facility to the National Roadmap for

Large-scale Research Infrastructure. In the Fall of 2016, the

Roadmap committee has accepted this proposal. Following up

on this, a proposal for an NWO-Big application will be made in

2017.

Strategic alliance with ECNThe Energy Research Center of the Netherlands (ECN) has

announced it is planning to move its entire Petten-based solar

energy division (>60 researchers and technicians) to Amsterdam

Science Park (ASP). The choice for ECN to move to ASP is largely

motivated by the strong activities and technical facilities in

solar energy research within LMPV, as well as UvA and VU. ECN

aims to bring to ASP its advanced wafer-based silicon cell and

module processing and characterization facilities, and a strong

network of industrial partners. Pilot production facilities of

Tempress and Levitech will then also move with ECN to ASP.

The final decision on the move of ECN Solar from Petten to ASP

is now pending due to the restructuring of the organizational

model of ECN.

Long-lived charge-separated states control emission of CdSe quantum dots

(Nano Lett. 2015)

Interplay between direct absorption and indirect recombi-

nation explains exceptional efficiency of perovskite solar

cells (2016)


Academic national and international collaborationsThe LMPV program has established collaborations with many

institutes and universities inside and outside the Netherlands:

DIFFER: plasmonic nanomaterials for photocatalysis

TUD: high-resolution TEM of complex nanostructures; novel

singlet fission materials

TUE: InP nanowire array and single nanowire solar cells;

polymer solar cells with nanowire transparent contacts

TUE/ECN: metal-insulator-semiconductor solar cells with metal

nanowire networks

UvA: single-crystal x-ray diffraction of halide perovskites

WUR: silicon surface coating for organic-silicon hybrid

structures

VU: theory on hybrid interfaces

Caltech, USA: light management in PV, plasmoelectric effect

EPFL, Switserland: (Al)GaAs nanowire solar cells and photo-

electrodes

Fudan University, China: AgFeS2 nanowire/BiVO3 photoelectro-

chemical cells

Helmholtz Center, Berlin: light trapping in ultra-thin CIGS cells;

charge injection from singlet fission into silicon

ICN2 Barcelona: Transmission electron microscopy of 2D

materials

MPI, Germany: inverse opal photonic crystal halide perovskite

films

Northwestern University, USA: novel singlet fission materials

Oxford University, UK: perovskite materials and devices

Stanford University, USA: light management in PV

UC San Diego, USA: x-ray fluorescence mapping of halide

perovskite single crystals

University College London, UK: GaAsP and GaAs single

nanowire solar cells

University of Bath, UK: theory on perovskites

University of Cambridge, UK: singlet fission, quantum dot solar

cells

UT-Austin, USA: fundamental efficiency limits of nanowire

solar cells, theory on metasurfaces

The paper that provided the initial ideas for the LMPV program is the most highly

cited article published in Nature Materials since 2010 (> 3400 citations)


The LMPV Focus Group budget is 7.670 k€ for a period of 10

years (2011-2020) and is composed of contributions from FOM

(5.400 k€) and AMOLF (2.270 k€). In addition, all LMPV groups

acquire additional funds (FOM, NWO, TKI, EU, etc.) to expand

their groups. These external projects are an essential element of

the LMPV program, as they are key to the growth of the program

to the desired size of ~30-35 researchers. So far, a total amount

of 7.690 k€ was acquired in additional external grants (see

Appendix C).

Table III presents the budget spent and assigned for the present

personnel LMPV so far and the amounts that remain to be

assigned from the LMPV grant (total: 888 k€). A plan for the

remaining budget for the period 2017-2020 is described in

Section 10.

Budget (k€) Total grant

Spent and assigned

Remaining

FOM part 5.400 4.628 772

AMOLF part 2.270 2.154 116

Total 7.670 6.782 888

External grants 7.690

Table III LMPV Budget (situation 1-10-2016)

6 Finances

Silver nanowire grids improve light coupling in silicon heterojunction solar cells (Nano Energy 2016)

Metal-insulator-semiconductor nanowire network solar cells (Nano Lett. 2016)


The LMPV program has set up many collaborations with

industrial companies and technological institutes. The following

collaborations are part of formal research contracts/collabo-

rations.

ASI: low-background electron detector for diffraction

measurements of hybrid perovskites

ASML: development of a roadmap for nanolithography for

photovoltaics

Bruker: application development for nano-electrochemical

deposition

Delmic: development of cathodoluminescence microscopy for

photovoltaic materials

ECN: joint research on high-efficiency solar cells, development

of common research agenda

FEI: development of 3D nanostructure imaging in the SEM by

multienergy deconvolution, time-resolved cathodolumi-

nescence imaging

Global Climate and Energy Program (GCEP), funded by

ExxonMobil, GE, Schlumberger, and Toyota: ultrathin Si solar

cells

Philips Group Innovation IP&S: establishment of soft imprint

lithography spin-out company

Philips Research: joint research within Industrial Partnership

Program Nanophotonics for solid state lighting

ultrathin Si solar cells

TKI Solar Energy: AMOLF is member of the Silicon Competence

Center (SiCC) a consortium within the TKI Solar Energy. with

Tempress, Levitech, Meyer Burger, Eurotron, and ECN. Goal is to

develop new technologies for the Dutch solar cell and solar

panel industry.

In addition, the LMPV program is carrying out collaborations

and/or has held meetings to explore collaborative activities

with:

ASMI: thin-film deposition for photovoltaics

BASF: photocatalysis, solar fuels

DSM: nanopatterning for anti-reflection, light trapping and

transparent conductor coatings, development of singlet fission

coating

Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems: high-efficiency

Si solar cells

IMEC: high-efficiency Si solar cells

Merck: solar energy storage in chemical products

Oxford PV: low-bandgap perovskite solar cells

TNO: transparent conductors, deposition of organic films,

quantum dot synthesis, CIGS cells.

The following patent applications were made:

1. Nanopatterned antireflection coating, P. Spinelli, J. van de Groep,

A. Polman (2013)

2. Metal-semiconductor core-shell nanowire devices, E.C. Garnett,

B. Sciacca, S.A. Mann, S. Oener (2014)

3. Nanophotonic spectrum splitting devices, E.C. Garnett and

S.A. Mann (2014)

4. Method for manufacturing a patterned monocrystalline film,

E.C. Garnett, B. Sciacca, A. Berkhout (2016)

5. Multijunction back contact solar cell, E.C. Garnett,

G.W.P. Adhyaksa, L.J. Geerligs (2016)

6. Perovskite contacting protection layer for solar cells, Y. Kuang,

R.E.I. Schropp, D. Koushik, M. Creatore (2016).

7 Knowledge and technology transfer

RTL-Z television program “Future makers” featuring LMPV

was seen by 330.000 people

Development of new instrument for time-resolved cathodoluminescence imaging of exciton diffusion in photovoltaic materials


The LMPV program received the following honors and awards:

• ERC Advanced Grant, Albert Polman (2011)

• ENI Renewable and Non-Conventional Energy Prize (with Harry Atwater), Albert Polman (2012)

• ERC Starting Grant, Erik Garnett (2013)

• Julius Springer Prize for Applied Physics (with Harry Atwater), Albert Polman (2014)

• Innovation and Materials Characterization Award, Materials Research Society (USA), Albert Polman (2014)

• Physica Prize, Netherlands Physical Society, Albert Polman (2014)

• Cum laude PhD, Utrecht University, Freddy Rabouw (2015)

• Cum laude PhD, University of Amsterdam, Jorik van de Groep (2015)

• MRS Gold Student Award, Materials Research Society, Jorik van de Groep (2015)

• Rubicon Grant NWO, Freddy Rabouw (2015)

• Knight in the Order of the Dutch Lion, Wim Sinke (2015)

• Rubicon Grant NWO, Jorik van de Groep (2016)

• ERC Advanced Grant, Albert Polman (2016)

• VIDI Grant NWO, Erik Garnett (2016)

• Public’s prize, Master’s of physics symposium UvA/VU, Verena Neder (2016)

• PUK Utrecht Province best thesis award, Freddy Rabouw (2016)

8 Honors and awards

Cum laude PhD for Jorik van de Groep Royal decoration for Wim Sinke


To train a new generation of students in the field of

photovoltaics, LMPV group leaders contribute to the master’s

courses Advanced Materials and Energy Physics (AMEP) at the

University of Amsterdam and Science for Energy and Sustainability

at the VU University Amsterdam. Since 2012, over 100 students

have followed this course. Furthermore, 22 master’s students

and 4 bachelor’s students have carried out for research projects

at AMOLF within the LMPV program. The titles of completed

theses are listed in Appendix B.

A large number of outreach activities were held, most notably

presentations at the AMOLF Open Day, and through lab tours for

numerous visitors to AMOLF: politicians, science policy makers,

high school students, etc. Furthermore, LMPV research was

reported in a large number of articles in national newspapers

(27), and on radio and television (20). A television program

featuring AMOLF’s LMPV work by RTL-Z (2015) was seen by over

330.000 people.

A solar panel test field was installed near the AMOLF building.

It is composed of 24 panels of 6 different types, including

efficiency Si, CIGS and CdTe. A data logging system continuously

records IV characteristics of each panel type, the solar influx

(spectrum, intensity), and the associated weather conditions.

The data is being made available online and forms the source of

many different projects for bachelor and master’s students from

UvA and Amsterdam University College and elsewhere.

A lecture-theatre performance was developed by Albert Polman,

together with producer Jan van den Berg, entitled: “Voor niets

gaat de zon op” (“A 60-minute demonstration of the beauty of light,

and how light from the sun can be used to generate energy for our

society. With lasers, rainbows, satellites, solar panels, the periodic

table of the elements, and a movie of the nanoworld. Followed by a

question-and-answer session with the audience.”). It is meant to

stimulate interest in solar energy for the general audience. So

far, 15 performances were given in city theatres all over the

Netherlands for a total audience of over 2000 people.

9 Student education, outreach

Making blueberry solar cells at AMOLF Open Day

Poster session of UvA photovoltaics master’s students at AMOLF (2015)

Outreach: Lecture theatre performance

“Voor niets gaat de zon op” plays in

theatres all over the Netherlands


The original LMPV program proposal ran from 2011-2019. Due to

the gradual start over time of the tenure track group leaders

(Garnett: 2012, Ehrler: 2014, Alarcón Lladó: 2016) the program

will be extended to 2020. In the remaining four years, the LMPV

research program will focus on the following strongly related

themes.

Theme 1: Challenging the Shockley-Queisser limitEfficient coupling and trapping of light in semiconductor

geometries over a broad spectral range is key to efficient

photovoltaic energy conversion. Optical metasurfaces,

interfaces and subwavelength 3D geometries can serve to

enhance the absorption and concentration of light in solar cells.

In metasurface geometries the redistribution of scattered light

is controlled by engineering the (spatially-varying) phase of

scattered light. In 3D nanowires and dielectric Mie cavities the

resonant absorption of light can lead to light concentration,

bringing materials closer to the radiative recombination limit

with corresponding increases in output voltage. Open questions

are: what metasurface design can lead to efficient light

trapping, and can a spectrum splitting meta-interface for

tandem cells be designed? A key question is how nano/micro

(concentrator) structures can be used to beat the thermo-

dynamic Shockley-Queisser limit for photovoltaic energy

conversion in conventional planar cells (isotropic radiative

emission, 1-sun illumination), or enable efficiencies closer to

the Shockley-Queisser limit than what planar solar cells usually

provide. Realizing this in practice would be a major

breakthrough for the field of photovoltaics. The results of these

insights will be applied to improve the efficiency of record-

efficiency materials: Si, GaAs, InP, CIGS, CdTe, and perovskites.

Theme 2: Towards nanomaterials with bulk crystalline propertiesWe will further develop our solution-chemistry based methods

to fabricate ultra-thin monocrystalline halide perovskites, and

correlate spatially-resolved optical, electrical, structural,

chemical and crystallographic properties to understand the

mechanisms behind the exceptional conversion efficiency and

poor stability of these materials. We will investigate spatial

gradients in chemical composition and the formation of

heterojunctions, and optimize doping density and distribution.

Optimizing surface roughness, surface passivation, annealing

treatments, and control over crystal structure and orientation

using solution or vapor phase grown materials will be

investigated. By combining solution chemistry and

soft-nanoimprint technology we will develop a new method for

making nanopatterned monocrystalline thin-films based on

nanocube assembly and welding. This approach will lead to a

general strategy for making patterned metal, semiconductor

and insulator layers with a material quality similar to that of

bulk single crystals. We will apply these new geometries as

transparent electrodes on a multitude of solar cell materials

including high-efficiency Si solar cells made using industrial

process technology, as light management layers in

multijunction solar cells, and as nanopatterned active solar cell

absorbers.

10 Research plan 2017-2020

All record solar cell materials will benefit from improved light management (Science 2016)

Nanoscale photovoltaics can beat the thermo-dynamic Shockley-Queisser limit by tailoring

angle-dependent absorption and emission cross sections (ACS Nano 2016)


Theme 3: Hybrid and multijunction solar cells with efficiencies exceeding 30%We will investigate the process of singlet fission in organic

materials, where the energy from a high-energy photon is

shared between two lower-energy triplet excitons. In a hybrid

organic/inorganic geometry the organic materials are coated

onto an inorganic semiconductor with the aim to harvest

carriers with a conversion quantum efficiency >100%. Our work

will focus on obtaining fundamental understanding of the

singlet/triplet formation process, how it depends on the

molecular environment and on the character of the excited

states involved. We will study interfaces between organic and

inorganic semiconductors with particular focus on transport of

triplet excitons and transfer across interfaces. These novel

insights will be applied to hybrid solar cells composed of a

singlet fission layer on Si, perovskite and CIGS base cells. In

parallel to the hybrid organic/inorganic approach, we will

develop perovskite /Si and III-V nanowire/Si tandem solar cells

with the aim to reach an efficiency above 30%. We will develop a

nanopatterned interdigitated back contact (IBC) geometry in

combination with resonant light scattering geometries to

achieve efficient spectral splitting between the two semicon-

ductors.

Theme 4: 3D additive manufacturing of solar cells with ultrahigh efficiency potentialSemiconductor nanowires provide extended degrees of freedom

that can be exploited to fabricate new and unconventional solar

cell designs from both optical and electrical points of view, at

low cost. Using a novel scanning-probe based electrochemical

process, we will expand the boundaries of 3D additive

nano-manufacturing for the bottom-up fabrication of functional

nanostructures based on metals, dielectrics and semicon-

ductors. This solution-based approach may resolve the cost

issue associated with III-V semiconductors such as GaAs, while

maintaining the high PV efficiency intrinsic to these materials.

We will investigate how light interacts with the nanostructures

as a function of shape and array distribution and how to exploit

these properties for solar energy conversion and light emission.

The nanowire geometries can be made into flexible arrays,

enabling applications in small consumer electronics or

building-integrated photovoltaics. The electrochemical

processes uniquely enable fabrication of nanowire solar cell

geometries with 3D controlled material composition opening up

a broad range of 3D multijunction architectures. The 3D

architecture further provides unique opportunities for light

concentration and spectral splitting using optical resonances.

Theme 5: Novel device concepts and integration, nanofabrication and characterizationIn parallel to the new nanostructured materials and device

architectures described above, we will investigate alternative

approaches to harvest energy from the sun. We will investigate

how metal/semiconductor nanowire core/shell geometries can

be exploited as integrated light-and carrier collection networks,

and complementarily, how these geometries could serve as

efficient generators of solar fuel from photocatalytic reactions.

Furthermore, a parallel multijunction device geometry based on

planar integrated optical waveguiding and spectrum splitting

will be developed targeting an efficiency above 40%. We will also

explore how the upcoming novel 2D materials such as MoS2 and

WSe2 can be exploited as ultrathin light harvesting materials,

integrating them in 3D architectures that combine strong light

absorption and efficient carrier collection. Finally, we will

continue to further expand our photovoltaic materials

fabrication and characterization facilities, including picosecond

time-resolved cathodoluminescence microscopy.

BudgetAs described in Section 6, for the period 2017-2020 a budget of

888 k€ remains to be assigned from the FOM and AMOLF

contributions to LMPV. This budgets will be assigned to start

three PhD projects (running from 2017-2020) that will each

focus on a true “blue-sky” topic. Furthermore, budget will be

reserved to continue the hosting of Wim Sinke (ECN) and

sabbatical guests, and the organization of the yearly LMPV

summer workshops until 2020 (see Table IV).

Budget (k€)

PhD project 1: Improving solar cells by reducing photon entropy loss (Garnett)

256

PhD project 2: Seeing electronic processes at the nanoscale (Ehrler)

256

PhD project 3: Multi-color nanostructured absorber arrays for low-cost multijunction solar cells (Alarcón Lladó)

256

Guests (Sinke, visiting professors) 50

LMPV workshops (2017/2018/2019/2020) 40

To be assigned 30

Total 888

Table IV LMPV Budget for new activities (2017-2020)


Personnel funded by the LMPV grant (1-10-2016)

Name Position Group Start date End date LMPV grant

Erik Garnett Group leader Garnett 1-9-2012 FOM

Bruno Ehrler Group leader Ehrler 1-11-2014 FOM

Esther Alarcón Lladó Group leader Alarcón Lladó 1-2-2016 AMOLF

Freddy Rabouw PhD student Vanmaekelbergh 1-9-2011 31-8-2015 FOM

Sander Mann PhD student Garnett 1-9-2012 31-12-2016 FOM

Sebastian Oener PhD student Garnett 1-9-2012 31-12-2016 FOM

Tianyi Wang PhD student Ehrler 1-12-2014 30-11-2018 FOM *

Dibyashree Koushik PhD student Schropp 1-6-2015 31-5-2019 FOM

Mark Aarts PhD student Alarcón Lladó 16-6-2016 15-6-2020 AMOLF

Vacancy PhD student Alarcón Lladó AMOLF

Ju Min Lee Postdoc Ehrler 1-3-2015 28-2-2018 FOM *

Niels Commandeur Technician LMPV 1-1-2013 31-12-2013 FOM

Mohamed Tachikirt Technician LMPV 1-4-2013 31-12-2013 FOM

Hans Zeijlemaker Technician LMPV 1-1-2014 31-12-2016 FOM

Marc Duursma Technician Garnett 1-1-2015 31-3-2019 FOM

* Wang and Lee’s salaries are funded by NanoNextNL until 31-12-2016; they will be paid

by LMPV afterwards. Their materials and lab investment budgets are paid by LMPV.

Appendix A Personnel


Personnel funded by additional PV grants acquired by the LMPV group leaders (1-10-2016)

Name Position Group Start date End date Grant

Albert Polman Program leader Polman 1-9-2011 AMOLF

Jorik van de Groep PhD student Polman 1-7-2011 31-12-2015 ERC

Lourens van Dijk PhD student Schropp/Polman 1-1-2013 1-5-2016 NanoNextNL

Parisa Khoram PhD student Garnett 1-1-2014 31-12-2017 ERC

Gede Adhyaksa PhD student Garnett 16-2-2014 15-2-2018 ERC

Jenny Kontoleta PhD student Garnett 1-9-2015 31-8-2019 PHNM

Moritz Futscher PhD student Ehrler 1-12-2015 30-11-2019 FOM PR

Benjamin Daiber PhD student Ehrler 1-9-2016 31-8-2020 TKI

Verena Neder PhD student Polman 16-9-2016 15-9-2020 UvA

Vacancy PhD student Garnett PNHM

Vacancy PhD student Garnett VIDI

Vacancy PhD student Ehrler AMOLF/ARCNL

Vacancy PhD student Polman IPP Philips

Bonna Newman Postdoc Polman 16-4-2013 30-4-2014 ASML

Beniamino Sciacca Postdoc Garnett 1-7-2013 31-12-2016 ERC

Jia Wang Postdoc Garnett 16-11-2013 1-9-2015 ERC

Sarah Brittman Postdoc Garnett 16-3-2014 15-3-2017 IPP Philips

Mark Knight Postdoc Polman 1-6-2014 31-5-2017 ERC/GCEP

Eric Johlin Postdoc Garnett 12-1-2015 11-1-2017 NWO/TKI

Sophie Meuret Postdoc Polman 1-1-2016 31-12-2018 ERC

Lai-Hung Lai Postdoc Garnett 1-1-2016 31-12-2018 PNHM

Vacancy Postdoc Garnett VIDI

Vacancy Postdoc Polman TKI

Wim Sinke Advisor (0.1 fte) Polman 1-4-2013 ERC

Forrest Bradbury Senior guest (0.2 fte) Garnett 1-10-2012 31-12-2017 AUC

Harry Atwater Visiting professor Polman 1-8-2013 31-8-2013 KNAW

Andrea Alù Visiting professor Polman 1-1-2015 31-12-2015 KNAW

Luis Pazos Guest PhD student Ehrler 1-3-2015 10-6-2015 AMOLF

Le Yang Guest PhD student Ehrler 1-5-2015 30-11-2015 AMOLF

Carlos Ros Figueras Guest PhD student Alarcón Lladó 1-9-2016 15-12-2016 AMOLF


Personnel directly funded by LMPV underlined

20161. Quantifying losses and thermodynamic limits in nanophotonic

solar cells, S.A. Mann, S.Z. Oener, A. Cavalli, E.P.A.M. Bakkers,

J.E.M. Haverkort and E.C. Garnett, Nature Nanotech.

doi:10.1038/nnano.2016.162 (2016)

2. AgFeS2 modified BiVO4 photoanode for photoelectrochemical

water splitting, X. Zheng, B. Sciacca, E.C. Garnett, L. Zhang,

ChemPhysChem, doi:10.1002/cplu.201600095 (2016)

3. Diffusion lengths in hybrid perovskites: processing, composition,

aging and surface passivation effects, G.W.P. Adhyaksa,

L.W. Veldhuizen, Y. Kuang, S. Brittman, R.E.I. Schropp and

E.C. Garnett, Chem. of Mater. 28, 5259 (2016)

4. Generalized anti-reflection coatings for complex bulk metama-

terials, R.C. Maas, S.A. Mann, D.L. Sounas, A. Alu, E.C. Garnett

and A. Polman, Phys. Rev. B. 93, 195433 (2016)

5. Photon recycling in lead iodide perovskite solar cells, L.M.

Pazos-Outon, M. Szumilo, R. Lamboll, J.M. Richter, M.

Crespo-Quesada, M. Abdi-Jalebi, H.J. Beeson, H.J. Snaith,

B. Ehrler, R.H. Friend and F. Deschler, Science 351, 1430

(2016)

6. Metal-insulator-semiconductor nanowire network solar cells,

S.Z. Oener, J. van de Groep, B. Macco, P.C.P. Bronsveld,

W.M.M. Kessels, A. Polman and E.C. Garnett, Nano Lett. 16,

3689 (2016)

7. Growth and characterization of PDMS-stamped halide perovskite

single microcrystals, P. Khoram, S. Brittman, W.I. Dzik, J.N.H.

Reek and E.C. Garnett, J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 6475 (2016)

8. Engineering the kinetic and interfacial energetics of Ni/Ni-Mo

catalyzed amorphous silicon carbide photocathodes in alkaline

media, I.A. Digdaya, P. Perez Rodriguez, M. Ming, G.W.P.

Adhyaksa, E.C. Garnett, A.H.M. Smets and W.A. Smith,

J. Mater. Chem. A 4, 6842 (2016)

9. Measuring n and k at the microscale in single crystals of

CH3NH3PbBr3 perovskite, S. Brittman and E.C. Garnett,

J. Phys. Chem. C 120, 616 (2016)

10. Photovoltaic materials: record efficiencies and future challenges,

A. Polman, E.C. Garnett, B. Ehrler, M.W. Knight, and

W.C. Sinke, Science 352, 207 (2016)

11. Direct imaging of hybridized eigenmodes in coupled silicon

nanoparticles, J. van de Groep, T. Coenen, S.A. Mann, and

A. Polman, Optica 3, 93 (2016)

12. Solution-grown silver nanowire ordered arrays as transparent

electrodes, B. Sciacca, J. van de Groep, A. Polman and

E.C. Garnett, Adv. Mater. 28, 905 (2016)

13. Surface origin and control of resonance Raman scattering

and surface band gap in indium nitride, E. Alarcon-Llado,

T. Brazzini and Joel W. Ager, J. Phys. D 49, 255102 (2016)

14. Nanowire-aperture probe – local enhanced fluorescence detection

for nanoscaled investigation in live cells, R.S. Frederiksen,

E. Alarcon-Llado, P. Krogstrup, L. Bojarskaite, J. Bolinsson, J.

Nygard, A. Fontcuberta-Morral, K. L. Martinez,

ACS Photon. 3, 1208 (2016)

15. In-situ study of the formation mechanism of two-dimensional

superlattices from PbSe nanocrystals, J.J. Geuchies, C. van

Overbeek, W.H. Evers, B. Goris, A. de Backer, A.P. Gantapara,

F.T. Rabouw, J. Hilhorst, J.L. Peters, O. Konovalov, A.V.

Petukhov, M. Dijkstra, L.D.A. Siebbeles,

S. van Aert, S. Bals and D. Vanmaekelbergh, Nature Mater.

doi:10.1038/nmat4746 (2016)

16. In situ probing of stack-templated growth of ultrathin Cu2–xS

nanosheets, W. van der Stam, F.T. Rabouw, J.J. Geuchies,

A.C. Berends, S.O.M. Hinterding, R.G. Geitenbeek, J. van

der Lit, S. Prevost, A.V. Petukhov and C. de Mello Donega,

Chem. Mater. 28, 6381 (2016)

17. Oleic acid-induced atomic alignment of ZnS polyhedral

nanocrystals, W. van der Stam, F.T. Rabouw, S.J.W. Vonk,

J.J. Geuchies, H. Ligthart, A.V. Petukhov and C. de Mello

Donega, Nano Lett. 16, 2608 (2016)

18. Temporary charge carrier separation dominates the photolumi-

nescence decay dynamics of colloidal CdSe nanoplatelets,

F.T. Rabouw, J.C. van der Bok, P. Spinicelli, B. Mahler,

M. Nasilowski, S. Pedetti, B. Dubertret and

D. Vanmaekelbergh, Nano Lett. 16, 2047 (2016)

19. Non-blinking single-photon emitters in silica, F.T. Rabouw,

N.M.B. Cogan, A.C. Berends, W. van der Stam, D.

Vanmaekelbergh, A.F. Koenderink, T.D. Krauss and

C. de Mello Donega, Sci. Rep. 6, 21187 (2016)

20. Plasmonic scattering back reflector for light trapping in flat

nanocrystalline silicon solar cells, L. van Dijk, J. van de Groep,

L.W. Veldhuizen, M. Di Vece, A. Polman, and R.E.I. Schropp,

ACS Photon. 3, 685 (2016)

21. Thermodynamic theory of the plasmo-electric effect, J. van

de Groep, M. Sheldon, H.A. Atwater, and A. Polman,

Sci. Rep. 6, 23283 (2016)

22. Controlling magnetic dipole modes in hollow Si Mie nano-reso-

nators, M.A. van de Haar, J. van de Groep, B.J.M. Brenny, and

A. Polman, Opt. Expr. 24, 2047 (2016)

201523. Au-Cu2O core-shell nanowire photovoltaics, S.Z. Oener,

S.A. Mann, B. Sciacca, C. Sfiligoj, J. Hoang and E.C. Garnett,

Appl. Phys. Lett. 106, 023501 (2015).

24. Resonant nanophotonic spectrum splitting for ultrathin

multijunction solar cells, S.A. Mann and E.C. Garnett, ACS

Photon. 2, 816 (2015).

25. The expanding world of hybrid perovskites: materials properties

and emerging applications, S. Brittman, G.W.P. Adhyaksa and

E.C. Garnett, MRS Comm. 5, 7 (2015).

Appendix B Publications


26. Transformation of Ag nanowires into semiconducting AgFeS2

nanowires, B. Sciacca, A. Yalcin and E.C. Garnett,

J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 4340 (2015).

27. Solution-processable singlet fission photovoltaic devices, L. Yang,

M. Tabachnyk, S.L. Bayliss, M.L. Böhm, K. Broch, N.C.

Greenham, R.H. Friend and B. Ehrler, Nano Lett. 15, 354

(2015).

28. Lead telluride quantum dot solar cells displaying external

quantum efficiencies exceeding 120%, M.L. Böhm, T.C. Jellicoe,

M. Tabachnyk, N.J.L.K. Davis, F. Wisnivesky, R. Rivarola,

B. Ehrler, A.A. Bakulin and N.C. Greenham, Nano Lett. 15,

7987 (2015).

29. Multiple-exciton generation in lead selenide nanorod solar cells

with external quantum efficiencies exceeding 120%, N.J.L.K.

Davis, M.L. Böhm, M. Tabachnyk, F. Wisnivesky, T.C. Jellicoe,

Caterina Ducati, B. Ehrler and N.C. Greenham, Nature

Comm. 6, 8259 (2015).

30. Size and energy level tuning of quantum dot solids via a hybrid

ligand complex, M.L. Böhm, T.C. Jellicoe, J.P.H. Rivett, A.

Sadhanala, N.J.L.K. Davis, F.S.F. Morgenstern, K.C. Gödel,

J. Govindesamy, C.G.M. Benson, N.C. Greenham and

B. Ehrler, J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 6, 3510 (2015).

31. Delayed exciton emission and its relation to blinking in CdSe

quantum dots, F.T. Rabouw, M. Kamp., R.J.A. van Dijk-Moes,

D.R. Gamelin, A.F. Koenderink, A. Meijerink and D.

Vanmaekelbergh, Nano Lett. 15, 7718 (2015).

32. Multi-photon quantum cutting in Gd2O2S:Tm3+ to enhance the

photo-response of solar cells, D.C. Yu, R. Martín-Rodríguez, Q.Y.

Zhang, A. Meijerink and F.T. Rabouw, Light Sci. Appl. 4, e344

(2015).

33. Near-infrared emitting CuInSe2/CuInS2 dot core/rod shell

heteronanorods by sequential cation exchange, W. van der Stam.

E. Bladt, F.T. Rabouw, S. Bals and C. de Mello Donegá, ACS

Nano 9, 11430 (2015).

34. Dynamics of intraband and interband Auger processes in colloidal

core–shell quantum dots, F.T. Rabouw, R. Vaxenburg,

A.A. Bakulin, R.J.A. van Dijk-Moes, H.J. Bakker, A. Rodina, E.

Lifshitz, Al.L. Efros, A.F. Koenderink and D. Vanmaekelbergh,

ACS Nano 9, 10366 (2015).

35. Quantum confinement regimes in CdTe nanocrystals probed by

single dot spectroscopy: from strong confinement to the bulk limit,

J. Tilchin, F.T. Rabouw, M. Isarov, R. Vaxenburg, R.J.A. van

Dijk-Moes, E. Lifshitz and D. Vanmaekelbergh, ACS Nano 9,

7840 (2015).

36. Resolving the ambiguity in the relation between Stokes shift and

Huang-Rhys parameter, M. de Jong, L. Seijo, A. Meijerink and

F.T. Rabouw, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 17, 16959 (2015).

37. Shape-dependent multi-exciton emission and whispering gallery

modes in supraparticles of CdSe/multi-shell quantum dots,

D. Vanmaekelbergh, L.K. van Vugt, H.E. Bakker, F.T. Rabouw,

B. de Nijs, R.J.A. van Dijk-Moes, M.A. van Huis,

P. Baesjou and A. van Blaaderen, ACS Nano 9, 3942 (2015).

38. Upconversion dynamics in Er3+-doped Gd2O2S: influence of

excitation power, Er3+ concentration, and defects, R. Martín-

Rodríguez, F.T. Rabouw, M. Trevisani, M. Bettinelli and

A. Meijerink, Adv. Opt. Mater. 3, 558 (2015).

39. Modeling the cooperative energy transfer dynamics of quantum

cutting for solar cells, F.T. Rabouw and A. Meijerink, J. Phys.

Chem. C 119, 2364 (2015).

40. Photonic effects on the radiative decay rate and luminescence

quantum yield of doped nanocrystals, T. Senden, F.T. Rabouw

and A. Meijerink, ACS Nano 9, 1801 (2015).

41. Luminescent CuInS2 quantum dots by partial cation exchange

in Cu2−xS nanocrystals, W. van der Stam, A.C. Berends,

F.T. Rabouw, T. Willhammar, X. Ke, J.D. Meeldijk, S. Bals and

C. de Mello Donegá, Chem. Mater. 27, 621 (2015).

42. Nanophotonics: shrinking light-based technology, A.F.

Koenderink, A. Alù, and A. Polman, Science 348, 516 (2015)

43. Single-step soft-imprinted large-area nanopatterned anti-

reflection coating, J. van de Groep, P. Spinelli, and A. Polman,

Nano Lett. 15, 4223 (2015)

44. Large-area soft-imprinted nanowire networks as light trapping

transparent conductors, J. van de Groep, D. Gupta,

M.M. Wienk, R.A.J. Janssen, and A. Polman, Sci. Rep. 5,

11414 (2015)

45. Gallium plasmonics: deep-subwavelength spectroscopic imaging

of single and interacting gallium nanoparticles, M.W. Knight,

T. Coenen, Y. Yang, B.J.M. Brenny, M. Losurdo, A.S. Brown,

H.O. Everitt, and A. Polman, ACS Nano. 9, 2049 (2015)

46. Limiting light escape angle in silicon photovoltaics: ideal and

realistic cells, E.D. Kosten, B.K. Newman, A. Polman and H.A.

Atwater, IEEE J. Photovolt. 5, 61 (2015)

201447. Solution-phase epitaxial growth of quasi-monocrystalline cuprous

oxide on metal nanowires, B. Sciacca, S.A. Mann,

F.D. Tichelaar, H.W. Zandbergen, M.A. van Huis, and

E.C. Garnett, Nano Lett. 14, 58915898 (2014)

48. Metamaterial mirrors in optoelectronic devices,

M. Esfandyarpour, E.C. Garnett, Y. Cui, M.D. McGehee, and

M.L. Brongersma, Nature Nanotech. 9, 542 (2014)

49. Long-range orientation and atomic attachment of nanocrystals in

2D honeycomb superlattices, M. Boneschanscher, W.H. Evers,

J.J. Geuchies, T. Altantzis, B. Goris, F.T. Rabouw, S.A.P. van

Rossum, H.S.J. van der Zant, H.S.J. Siebbeles, G. van

Tendeloo, I. Swart, J. Hilhorst, A.V. Petukhov, S. Bals, and D.

Vanmaekelbergh, Science 244, 1377 (2014)


50. On the efficient luminescence of β-Na(La1–xPrx)F4, H. Herden,

A. Meijerink, F.T. Rabouw, M. Haase, and T. Jüstel, J. Lumin.

146, 302 (2014)

51. Self-assembled CdSe/CdS nanorod sheets studied in the bulk

suspension by magnetic alignment, F. Pietra, F.T. Rabouw,

P.G. van Rhee, J. van Rijssel, A.V. Petukhov, R.H. Erne, P.C.M.

Christianen, C. De Mello Donegá, and D. Vanmaekelbergh,

ACS Nano 8, 10486 (2014)

52. Photonic effects on the Förster resonance energy transfer

efficiency, F.T. Rabouw, S.A. den Hartog, T. Senden, and

A. Meijerink, Nat. Comm. 5, 3601 (2014)

53. Insights into the energy transfer mechanism in Ce3+-Yb3+ codoped

YAG phosphors, D.C. Yu, F.T. Rabouw, W.Q. Boon, T. Kieboom,

S. Ye, Q.Y. Zhang, and A. Meijerink, Phys. Rev. B 90, 165126

(2014)

54. Lanthanide-doped CaS and SrS luminescent nanocrystals:

a single-source precursor approach for doping, Y. Zhao, F.T.

Rabouw, T. van Puffelen, C.A. van Walree, D.R. Gamelin,

C. De Mello Donegá, and A. Meijerink, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136,

16533 (2014)

55. Plasmoelectric potentials in metal nanostructures, M.T. Sheldon,

J. van de Groep, A.M. Brown, A. Polman and H.A. Atwater,

Science 346, 828 (2014)

56. Limiting light escape angle in silicon photovoltaics: ideal and

realistic cells, E.D. Kosten, B.K. Newman, A. Polman and H.A.

Atwater, IEEE J. Photovolt. 5, 61 (2015)

201357. Extreme light absorption in thin semiconductor films

wrapped around metal nanowires, S.A. Mann and E.C.

Garnett, Nano Lett. 13, 3173 (2013).

58. Reduced Auger recombination in single CdSe/CdS Nanorods

by one-dimensional electron delocalization

F.T. Rabouw, P. Lunnemann, R.J.A. van Dijk-Moes,

M. Frimmer, F. Pietra, A.F. Koenderink, and D.A.M.

Vanmaekelbergh, Nano Lett. 13, 4884 (2013)

59. Calibrating and controlling the quantum efficiency distribution of

inhomogeneously broadened quantum rods by using a mirror ball,

P. Lunnemann, F.T. Rabouw, R.J.A. van Dijk-Moes,

F. Pietra, D.A.M. Vanmaekelbergh, and A.F. Koenderink, ACS

Nano 7, 5984 (2013)

60. Designing dielectric resonators on substrates: Combining

magnetic and electric resonances, J. van de Groep and

A. Polman, Opt. Expr. 21, 26285 (2013)

61. Evolution of light-induced vapor generation at a liquid-immersed

metallic nanoparticle, Z. Fang, Y.-R. Zhen, O. Neumann,

A. Polman, F.J. García de Abajo, P. Nordlander, and

N.J. Halas, Nano Lett. 13, 1736 (2013)

62. Resonant Mie modes of single silicon nanocavities excited

by electron irradiation, T. Coenen, J. van de Groep, and

A. Polman, ACS Nano 7, 1689 (2013)

63. Solar steam nanobubbles, A. Polman, ACS Nano 7, 15 (2013)

64. Highly efficient GaAs solar cells by limiting light emission angle,

E.D. Kosten, J.H. Atwater, J. Parsons, A. Polman and

H.A. Atwater, Light, Science and Appl. 2, e45 (2013)

201265. Transparent conducting silver nanowire networks, J. van de

Groep, P. Spinelli, and A. Polman, Nano Lett. 12, 3138 (2012)

66. Photonic design principles for ultrahigh-efficiency photovoltaics, A.

Polman and H.A. Atwater, Nature Mater. 11, 174 (2012)

Manuscripts in press67. Boosting solar cell photovoltage via nanophotonic engineering,

Y. Cui, D. van Dam, S.A. Mann, N.J.J. van Hoof, P.J. van

Veldhoven, E.C. Garnett, E.P.A.M. Bakkers, J.E.M. Haverkort,

Nano Lett., in press

68. Opportunities and limitations for nanophotonic structures to

exceed the Shockley-Queisser limit, S.A. Mann, R.R. Grote,

R.M. Osgood, Jr., A. Alu and E.C. Garnett, ACS Nano, in press

69. Preparation of organometal halide perovskite photonic crystal

films, S. Schunemann, K. Chen, S. Brittman, E.C. Garnett and

H. Tuysuz, submitted to ACS Appl. Mater. & Interf.

70. Efficiency limit of perovskite/Si tandem solar cells, M.H. Futscher

and B. Ehrler, ACS Energy Lett., in press

71. Highly conductive silver nanowire hybrid network as hybrid

electrodes for Si heterojunction solar cells, M.W. Knight, J. van de

Groep, P. Bronsveld, W.C. Sinke, and A. Polman, Nano Energy,

in press.

Manuscripts under review72. Integrating sphere microscopy for direct absorption measurements

of single nanostructures, S.A. Mann, B. Sciacca, Y. Zhang, J.

Wang, E. Kontoleta, H. Liu and E.C. Garnett, submitted to

Nano Lett.

73. 3D multi-energy electron microscopy, M. de Goede, E. Johlin,

B. Sciacca, F. Boughorbel and E.C. Garnett, submitted to

Nano Lett.

74. Super-resolution imaging of light-matter interactions near single

semiconductor nanowires, E. Johlin, J. Solari, S.A. Mann,

J. Wang, T.S. Shimizu and E.C. Garnett, submitted to Nature

Comm.

75. Indirect to direct bandgap transition in methylammonium

lead halide perovskite under pressure, T. Wang, B. Daiber,

J.M. Frost, S.A. Mann, E.C. Garnett, A. Walsh and B. Ehrler,

submitted to Nature Mater.

76. Benchmarking photoactive thin-film materials using a

laser-induced steady-state photocarrier grating, L.W. Veldhuizen,

G.W.P. Adhyaksa, M. Theelen, E.C. Garnett

and R.E.I. Schropp, submitted to Progr. Photovolt.


77. A silicon-singlet fission tandem solar cell exceeding 100 %

external quantum efficiency with high spectral stability,

L.M. Pazos-Outón, J.M. Lee, A. Kirch, M.H. Futscher,

M. Tabachnyk, R.H. Friend and B. Ehrler, submitted to Nature

Energy

78. Visual understanding of light absorption and waveguiding in

vertical nanowires, R. Frederiksen, E. Frau, F. Matteini,

G. Tutuncuoglu, K. L. Martinez, A. Fontcuberta i Morral,

E. Alarcon-Llado, submitted.

79. High-efficiency humidity-stable planar perovskite solar cells

based on atomic layer architecture, D. Koushik, W.J.H. Verhees,

Y. Kuang, S. Veenstra, D. Zhang, M.A. Verheijen,

M. Creatore, and R.E.I. Schropp, submitted to Energy and

Environm. Sci. Comm.

80. Optoelectronic enhancement of ultrathin CIGSe solar cells by

nanophotonic contacts, G. Yin, M.W. Knight, M.-C. van Lare, A.

Polman and M. Schmid, submitted to Adv. Opt. Mater.

81. Wide-angle, broadband graded metasurface for backreflection,

N.M. Estakhri, V. Neder, M.W. Knight, A. Polman and

A. Alù, submitted to Science Adv.

PhD theses 1. Before there was light: excited state dynamics in luminescent

(nano)materials

F.T. Rabouw, PhD thesis, Utrecht University, 28-9-2015,

advisor prof. dr. D.A.M. Vanmaekelbergh – cum laude

2. Quantifying limits and losses in nanostructured photovoltaics

S.A. Mann, PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam, 6-12-2016,

advisor dr. E.C. Garnett

3. Interfaces in nanoscale photovoltaics

S.Z. Oener, PhD thesis, University of Amsterdam, 8-12-2016,

advisor dr. E.C. Garnett

4. Resonant nanophotonic structures for photovoltaics J. van de Groep, Ph.D. thesis, University of Amsterdam,

15-12-2015, advisor: Prof. dr. A. Polman – cum laude

5. Internal and external light trapping for solar cells and modules

L. van Dijk, Ph.D. thesis, Utrecht University, 30-5-2016,

advisors: Dr. M. Di Vece, Prof. dr. A. Polman, and

Prof. Dr. R.E.I. Schropp

Master’s theses by students trained by LMPV

1. Limiting and realistic efficiencies of multi-junction solar cells,

Hugo Doeleman, University of Amsterdam (2012)

2. Contacting single core-shell nanowires for photovoltaics,

Christina Sfiligoj, Technical University Delft (2013)

3. Trivalent europium ions as a probe for the electric and magnetic

local density of states in Si nanoresonators, Julia Attevelt,

University of Amsterdam (2013)

4. Multi-energy deconvolution scanning electron microscopy, Michiel

de Goede, University of Amsterdam (2014)

5. Silver nanocubes as building blocks for a transparent conductive

network, Annemarie Berkhout University of Amsterdam

(2015)

6. Surface functionalization of cuprous oxide for PV applications,

Jantine Fokkema, Utrecht University (2014)

7. t-butyl-Terrylene: novel singlet fission material for highly efficient

solar cells, Maria Minone, Utrecht University (2016)

8. Quantum dot/Nanowire Hybrid Nanostructure for Solar Cell

Applications, Linda van de Waart, Technical University Delft

(2015)

9. Indirect to direct bandgap transition in methylammonium lead

halide perovskite, Benjamin Daiber, University of Amsterdam

(2016)

10. Wide-angle, broadband graded metasurface for back reflection,

Verena Neder, University of Amsterdam (2016)

11. Plasmoelectric measurements on metal nanohole arrays, Philipp

Tockhorn, University of Amsterdam (2016)

12. Grain size effects in transparent metal nanowire networks,

Teresa Ortmann, University of Amsterdam (2016)

13. Polarization and angular resolved cathodoluminescence image

spectroscopy of resonant optical nanostructures, Philip

Heringlake, University of Amsterdam (2016)

14. Investigation of singlet fission in perylene bis(phenethylimde):

an ultrafast process to overcome the Shockley-Queisser limit,

Maarten Mennes, University of Amsterdam (2016)

Bachelor’s theses by students trained by LMPV

15. Measuring the optical responses of core@shell nanowires by using

cathodoluminescence spectroscopy, Linda van der Waart,

University of Amsterdam (2013)

16. The core-shell nanowire as a solar cell, John Huong, Amsterdam

University College (2014)

17. Controlling the morphology of hybrid organic-inorganic lead

bromide perovskite films on planar substrates, Harolds Abolins,

Amsterdam University College (2016)

18. Dutch solar cell performance: The efficiency and Shockley-Queisser

limits of various solar panels under Dutch weather conditions,

Ruby de Hart, Amsterdam University College (2016)


Year Funding Agency PI Title Budget (k€)

2011 ERC Advanced Grant Polman Plasmonic metamaterials (PV part) 762

2011 NanoNextNL Polman Ultrathin solar cells 325

2013 ERC Starting Grant Garnett Photovoltaics enabled through nanoscience 1.500

2013 ASML Polman Roadmap nanofabrication for photovoltaics 100

2013 FEI Garnett 3D imaging of nanomaterials with SEM in-kind

2013 GCEP (Stanford University, industrial consortium)

Polman Dielectric metasurfaces for light trapping in high-efficiency low-cost silicon solar cells

376

2013 NWO/TKI Advanced Instrumentation

Garnett Three-dimensional spectroscopic SEM 180

2013 TKI Solar Energy Polman Silicon competence center investments 123

2013 FOM-Philips IPP Garnett,Polman

Nanophotonics for solid-state lighting 670

2013 NWO Garnett Photosynthesis of nanomaterials 687

2013 KNAW Polman KNAW visiting professorship Harry Atwater 6

2014 KNAW Polman KNAW visiting professorship Andrea Alù 20

2015 TKI Solar energy Polman Competitive passivating contact technology for PV 96

2015 TKI HTSM Garnett Electron backscatter diffraction with ultralow background and low material damage

164

2015 FOM Projectruimte Ehrler Highly efficient solar cells enabled by understanding triplet exciton dynamics

395

2016 ERC Advanced Grant Polman Scanning electron optical nanoscopy (PV part) 832

2016 AMOLF/ARCNL program Ehrler Quantum dots for the next-generation photoresist 264

2016 VIDI (STW) Garnett Nanobricks: Building monocrystalline optoelectronics from welded nanocubes

800

2016 FEI Polman Time-resolved cathodoluminescence microscopy 17

2016 Topsector program Polman Time-resolved cathodoluminescence microscopy 153

2016 Topsector program Ehrler Singlet fission-sensitized silicon solar cells 220

TOTAL 7.690 M€

Appendix C Additionally acquired grants


Appendix D Media attention, outreach

Articles in national newspapers1. Science Park centrum van zonnestroom: AMOLF stort zich op goedkope zonnecellen, Het Parool, February 21, 2011

2. Antenne voor zichtbaar licht is de kleinste ooit, NRC Handelsblad, August 11, 2011

3. Zomerserie de Werkplaats: Schotels en antennes, maar dan honderd maal kleiner dan de dikte van een haar,

NRC Handelsblad, August 14, 2011

4. Superefficiënte zonnecel op komst, het Parool, February 22, 2012

5. Zwart gat silicium helpt zonnecel, De Volkskrant, February 22, 2012

6. De zon levert steeds meer energie op, NRC Handelsblad, March 9, 2012

7. Amsterdamse onderzoeker wint energieprijs, Het Parool, May 21,2012

8. FOM onderzoek naar zonnecellen wint grote Italiaanse energieprijs, Eindhovens Dagblad, May 22, 2012

9. When Harry met Albert, NRC Handelsblad, May 26, 2012

10. Hollands Dagboek – Albert Polman, NRC Handelsblad, June 16, 2012

11. Science Park Amsterdam in beeld, Het Parool, September 8, 2012

12. Fundamenteel onderzoek op de lange termijn levert de industrie het meeste op, Financieel Dagblad, June 22, 2013

13. Zonne-energie in een notedop, New scientist, September 2013

14. Perovskiet zonnecellen: heilige graal of hype, Solar Magazine, May 2014

15. Slimmer gebruik van zonlicht levert veel meer stroom, NRC Handelsblad, May 3, 2014

16. De grote uitdaging komt na 2020, Het Parool, May 27, 2014

17. Rubriek Mensen, A. Polman, Het Parool, February 3, 2014

18. Een zonnecel die alle kleuren vangt, Het Parool, June 21, 2014

19. Laserlicht op goud leidt tot elektrische spanning, De Volkskrant, November 3, 2014

20. Het collectief klotsen van elektronen, NRC Handelsblad, November 8, 2014

21. Miniatuurrooster zet licht om in elektriciteit, New Scientist, December 2014

22. Nieuw wondermateriaal voor zonnecellen, De Volkskrant, February 14, 2015

23. Zon zal energiewedloop winnen, Financieel Dagblad, February 17, 2015

24. Licht uit, professor aan, De Volkskrant, April 15, 2015

25. Een ongekende kracht, Folia, June 10, 2015

26. Waarom gebruiken we deze bron zo weinig? NRC Handelsblad, February 5, 2016

27. Zoutkristalletjes recyclen het licht, Volkskrant, March 26, 2016

Performances on radio, television, at public events1. Hoe maken we een ultra-efficiënte zonnepaneel?, Energie Cafe gemeente Amsterdam, February 14, 2012

2. Ultra-efficiënte zonnecellen, Interview Hoe Zo!? Radio 5, February 21, 2012

3. Ultra-efficiënte zonnecellen, Interview Amsterdam FM radio, February 21, 2012

4. Ultra-efficiënte zonnecellen, Interview EenVandaag Television, February 22, 2012

5. Ultra-efficiënte zonnecellen, Interview BNR Nieuwsradio, February 24, 2012

6. Ultra-efficiënte zonnecellen, Interview KRO Goedemorgen Radio 2, February 27, 2012

7. Ultra-efficiënte zonnecellen, Interview Dichtbij Nederland Radio, March 8, 2012.

8. Licht management verdubbelt PV rendement, New-energy.tv, March 14, 2012

9. ENI prijs voor Albert Polman en Harry Atwater, Interview Amsterdam FM Radio, May 22, 2012

10. Amsterdamse onderzoeker wint energieprijs, Interview Radio Noord-Holland, June 13, 2012

11. Amsterdamse onderzoeker wint energieprijs, Interview Radio 1, June 15, 2012

12. Introduction Science Park Film Festival, September 15, 2013

13. Interview solar energy, Hoe?Zo! VPRO radio, October 3, 2013

14. Plasmo-elektrisch effect, NPO radio, October 30, 2014

15. Nano-energie, sneller van grijs naar groen, Science cafe RTL-Z, Amsterdam, March 3, 2016

16. Perovskiet zonnecellen: heilige graal of hype?, Solar Magazine, May, 2014

17. Slimmer gebruik van zonlicht levert veel meer stroom, NRC Handelsblad, May 3, 2014

18. Professoren op het podium, Odeon theatre, Zwolle, March 22, 2015

19. Toekomstmakers: nanotechnologie voor zonnecellen, RTL Z, November 25, 2015 (>330.000 viewers)

20. Nano–energie – sneller van grijs naar groen, Science cafe RTL-Z, Amsterdam, March 3, 2016


Lecture theatre performances Voor niets gaat de zon op1. Theater de Purmaryn, Purmerend (try-out, November 17, 2014)

2. Frascati Theater, Amsterdam (première, April 15, 2015)

3. University of Amsterdam (academic inauguration lecture, April 16, 2015)

4. Frascati Theater, Amsterdam (April 16, 2015)

5. Utrecht University (June 25, 2015)

6. DokH20, Deventer (September 10, 2015)

7. Stadsschouwburg, Utrecht (September 28, 2015)

8. Science Park Amsterdam, Open Dag (October 3, 2015)

9. Theater de Schalm, Veldhoven (November 10, 2015)

10. Parktheater, Eindhoven (January 11, 2016)

11. Theater De Verkadefabriek, Den Bosch (January 27, 2016)

12. Theater ‘t Zand, Maarssen (March 13, 2016)

13. Theater aan het Spui, Den Haag (April 7, 2016)

14. Schouwburg Rotterdam (September 28, 2016)

15. University of Amsterdam (November 5, 2016)


light management in new photovoltaic materials management in new photovoltaic materials fom...

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