light analysis of building science ii

BUILDING SCIENCE 2 [BLD 61303/ ARC 3413]

PROJECT 2: INTEGRATION PROJECT

CHINATOWN KUALA LUMPUR COMMUNITY LIBRARY

NAME: LIM JERN JACK STUDENT ID: 0317139

TUTOR: MR RIZAL

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CONTENT 1.0 INTRODUCTION………………………………………………..………………3-6

1.1 Aim and Objective 1.2 Brief Site Analysis 1.3 Floor Plans

2.0 LIGHTING STUDY

2.1 Daylight Factor Analysis………………………………………….……….………7-13

2.1.1 Space A: Event Space 2.1.2 Space B: Drawing Space 2.1.3 Space C: Quiet Reading Space

2.2 Artificial Lighting Analysis + PSALI……………………………………………..14-25

2.2.1 Space A: Drawing Space 2.2.2 Space B: Office Space 2.2.3 Space C: Computer Space

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1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Objective This project is an integration project with Design Studio V – a community library in Chinatown Kuala Lumpur. The aim of this project is to integrate the understanding of principles of lighting design in relation to sustainability issues by incorporating artificial and daylighting with PSALI in final design. 1.2 Brief Site Analysis Located along Jalan Petaling, Chinatown Kuala Lumpur, the new community library is designed to serve the community in that area regardless of age groups and backgrounds. The design intention of this community library is to tie the connection of elders, who are the original community, and the youngsters from colleges and schools nearby. The high rental fees of the shophouses due to the proximity of the site towards Petaling Street Flea Market, has led the original community to move out from the town and the shophouses are eventually left dormant especially during the night time. In addition, KL118, the future highest skyscaper in Malaysia is being built at the end of Jalan Petaling, will bring influx of office people in the vicinity that makes the formation of community even more complex. To cope with the constant changing of community formation, it is vital to comprehend at least the need of the two target users stated earlier, elders and youngsters, who are the pillar of the community that would have a higher possibility of anticipation in the library programmes.

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1.3 Floor Plans

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2.0 LIGHTING STUDY 2.1 Daylighting Factor Analysis

DF = !" (!"#$$% !""#$%&'&() !" ! !"#$% !"#$%)!" (!"#$%%& !""#$%&'&())

x 100%

Where, Ei = Illuminance due to daylight at a point on the indoor working plane Eo = The unobstructed horizontal exterior illuminance, average day light level in Malaysia (EH) is assumed to be 20,000 lux. A standard sky is assumed to give a minimum level of illuminance on the ground. According to MS1525, Day Light Factor distribution as below:

Zone Daylight Factor, % Distribution

Very Bright >6 Very bright with thermal & glare problems

Bright 3-6 Good

Average 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 Poor

Natural Illumination Calculation Illuminance Example

120,000 lux Brightest sunlight

110,000 lux Bright sunlight

20,000 lux Shade illuminated by entire clear blue sky, midday

1000-2000 lux Typical overcast day, midday

400 lux Sunrise or Sunset on a clear sky (Ambient illumination)

<200 lux Extreme of darkest storm clouds, midday

40 lux Fully overcast, sunset/ sunrise

<1 lux Extreme of darkest storm cloud, sunset and sunrise

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2.1.1 Space A: Event Space

Ground Floor Plan (NTS)

The event space is located at the ground floor, it is an open space to the public realm, thus exposed to full coverage of sunlight during the daytime from any direction except the wall of the toilet.

Floor Area (m2 ) 119.25

Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2 ) Perimeter = 9.65m + 3.75m +6.05m +14.05m = 33.5 m Height = 4.5 m Area = 150.75 m2

Daylight Factor Calculation Formula, DF DF = !.!"!!.!"!!.!"!!".!"!!".!"

x 100% = 28.09 x 0.1 = 2.81%

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Standard direct sunlight (E external) 20,000 lux

Calculation DF =

! !"#$%"&'! !"#!$%&'

x 100%

2.81 = !"

!"""" x 100%

Ei = 561.8 lux

Discussion


Very Bright >6 Very bright with thermal & glare problem

Bright 3-6 Good

Average 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 Poor The event space has a daylight factor of 2.81% and natural illumination of 561.8 lux. According to requirements of MS1525, the 2.81% daylight factor of a space slightly lower than 3% is categorised under the average zone which will generate lower illuminance during cloudy days. Based on the recommended illuminance categories, the standard illuminance level required for event space falls under 300-500 lux of illuminance, and thus, it does not only meet the requirement, it even exceeds the standard illuminance of 500 lux. If the event space receives too much of illuminance from daylighting, sun shading devices can be installed to reduce glare and heat penetrating into the space.

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2.1.1 Space B: Drawing Space

First Floor Plan (NTS)

The drawing space is located at the first floor near the glass façade thus exposed to full coverage of sunlight during the daytime.


Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2 ) Perimeter = 4.2m + 6.1m + 3.6m + 5.6m = 19.5m Height = 6.5m Area = 126.75 m2

Daylight Factor Calculation Formula, DF DF = !.!!!.!!!.!!!.!!!".!"

x 100%

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= 16.96 x 0.1 = 1.70%


Calculation DF =

! !"#$%"&'! !"#!$%&'

x 100%

1.70 = !"

!"""" x 100%

Ei = 340 lux

Discussion



Bright 3-6 Good

Average 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 Poor The drawing space has a daylight factor of 1.70% and natural illumination of 340 lux. According to requirements of MS1525, the 1.70% daylight factor of a space is lower than 3% is categorised under the average zone which will generate lower illuminance during cloudy days. Based on the recommended illuminance categories, the standard illuminance level required for drawing area falls under high contrast visual task activities which is around 300 – 400 lux of illuminance and thus it meets the requirement. Full height glass wall is proposed to maximise the penetration of daylight into the space.

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2.1.3 Space C: Quiet Reading Space

Second Floor Plan (NTS)

The quiet reading space is located at the second floor near the glass façade thus exposed to full coverage of sunlight during the daytime.


Area of façade exposed to sunlight (m2 ) Perimeter = 7.6m + 10.97m = 18.57 m Height = 3.35 m Area = 62.21 m2

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Daylight Factor Calculation Formula, DF DF = !.!!!".!"!"".!"

x 100% = 11.93 x 0.1 = 1.19%


Calculation DF =

! !"#$%"&'! !"#!$%&'

x 100%

1.19 = !"

!"""" x 100%

Ei = 239 lux

Discussion



Bright 3-6 Good

Average 1-3 Fair

Dark 0-1 Poor The quiet reading space has a daylight factor of 1.19% and natural illumination of 239 lux. According to requirements of MS1525, the 1.19% daylight factor of a space is lower than 3% is categorised under the average zone which will generate lower illuminance during cloudy days. Based on the recommended illuminance categories, the standard illuminance level required for drawing area falls under high contrast visual task activities which is around 300-500 lux of illuminance and thus it does not meet the requirement. Full height glass wall is proposed to maximise the penetration of daylight into the space.

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2.2 Artificial Lighting Despite the good utilisation of natural lighting, it could not cover all building areas because some spaces are meant to be enclosed thus natural light is insufficient in some of the spaces. This is the reason being artificial lighting is essential in these spaces. Spaces that natural light is unreachable require the use of artificial lighting to light up the spaces, normally located at the inner part of the buidling, such as inner corridor, toilet, discussion room and so on.

2.2.1 Space A: Drawing Space


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Type of Fixture LED Pendant Light Fixture Type of Light Bulb

Material of Fixture Brushed Nickel Product Brand & Code SON-CORONA-43-IN-RECT-LED-PENDANT-LIGHT Normal Life (Hours) 20,000 Wattage Range (W) 32 CRI 80 Colour Temperature, K 3000 Colour Designation Warm White Lumens 3800 Lumen Method Calculation

Utilization Factor Ceiling (%) 70 50 30 Wall (%) 50 30 10 50 30 10 50 30 10 Floor (%) 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10 30 10

Room Index

0.60 .27 .26 .22 .22 .19 .19 .26 .24 .22 .21 .19 .18 .26 .25 .21 .21 .19 .18 0.80 .33 .31 .28 .27 .23 .23 .32 .30 .27 .26 .24 .23 .31 .30 .27 .26 .23 .23 1.00 .38 .36 .32 .30 .28 .28 .36 .35 .32 .31 .29 .27 .35 .34 .31 .30 .28 .27 1.25 .43 .40 .37 .35 .33 .32 .41 .39 .36 .35 .33 .32 .39 .37 .35 .34 .32 .31 1.50 .47 .43 .41 .39 .37 .35 .44 .42 .40 .37 .36 .35 .42 .40 .39 .37 .36 .35 2.00 .52 .47 .47 .44 .43 .41 .49 .46 .45 .43 .42 .40 .47 .45 .44 .42 .41 .40 2.50 .56 .50 .51 .47 .48 .44 .53 .49 .49 .46 .46 .44 .50 .48 .47 .45 .45 .43 3.00 .59 .52 .55 .49 .51 .47 .55 .52 .52 .48 .49 .46 .52 .50 .50 .48 .47 .46 4.00 .62 .55 .59 .52 .56 .51 .58 .53 .56 .52 .53 .50 .55 .52 .53 .51 .51 .49 5.00 .64 .56 .62 .55 .59 .53 .60 .55 .58 .53 .56 .52 .57 .54 .55 .52 .52 .51

Space A: Drawing Space Dimension of the Space, L x W (m) L= 12.7, W = 10.3 Total Floor Area, A (m2) 114.95 Height of Ceiling (m) 4.5 Type of lighting fixtures LED Pendant Light Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 3800 Height of Luminaires (m) 3.7 Height of Working Plane (m) 1.1 Mounting Height, Hm (m) 4.5 – 0.8 – 1.1 = 2.6 Standard Illuminance Required 300 lux

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according to MS1525 Reflectance Factor Ceiling White Plaster Ceiling 0.7

Wall White Painted Wall 0.5 Floor Smooth Concrete Finishing 0.25

Room Index, K 𝐾 = ! ! !

!" (!!!)

𝐾 = 12.7 x 10.32.6 (12.7+10.3)

= 2.19

Utilization Factor, UF 0.52 Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8 Number of Fittings required, N

𝑁 =E x A

F x UF x MF

𝑁 =300 x 114.95

3800 x 0.52 x 0.8 = 21.8 = 22 bulbs

Spacing to Height Ratio (SHR) SHR = !

!" x !

!

= !!.!

x !!".!"!!

= 0.88 SHR = !

!.! = 0.88

S = 2.288 Fitting Layout Fitting required along 12.7m wall.

!".!!.!""

= 5.55 = 6 rows Therefore, 22 bulbs/ 6 rows = 4 rows Spacing required for 12.7m wall is !".!

! = 2.12 m

Spacing required for 10.3m wall is !".!

! = 2.58 m

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PSALI & Lighting Fitting Layout

There are 22 light fittings required to illuminate the 114.95 m2 of the drawing space to achieve 300 lux according to MS1525 to provide sufficient illumination for users to have good visual quality while doing arts. As shown in the contour analysis, only one side of the space next to the glass façade obtains sufficient illumination from daylighting and the daylight fades as it goes deeper into the space. Thus, artificial lightings are being introduced to aid in illuminating the space during the time of the day and on gloomy days to meet the requirement of MS1525. The 22 artificial lightings are controlled by 5 switches where SW1 can be switched off during the day time to save electricity when there is sufficient lighting to lit up the space near to the glass façade.

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2.2.2 Space B: Office Space


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Type of Fixture Surface Mounted LED Downlight Type of Light Bulb

Material of Fixture Stainless steel Product Brand & Code SY7791 Normal Life (Hours) 30,000 Wattage Range (W) 1.8 CRI 80 Colour Temperature, K 3500 Colour Designation Warm White Lumens 6000 Lumen Method Calculation Space B: Office Space Dimension of the Space, L x W (m) L= 6.9, W = 6.17 Total Floor Area, A (m2) 38.82 Height of Ceiling (m) 3.35 Type of lighting fixtures LED Downlight Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 6000 Height of Luminaires (m) 2.9 Height of Working Plane (m) 0.8 Mounting Height, Hm (m) 3.35 – 0.45 – 0.8 = 2.1 Standard Illuminance Required according to MS1525

300 lux

Reflectance Factor Ceiling White Plaster Ceiling 0.7 Wall White Painted Wall 0.5 Floor Smooth Concrete Finishing 0.15


!" (!!!)

𝐾 = 6.9 x 6.172.1 (6.9+6.17)

= 1.55

Utilization Factor, UF 0.43 Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8 Number of Fittings required, N

𝑁 =E x A

F x UF x MF

𝑁 =300 x 38.82

6000 x 0.43 x 0.8 = 5.64 = 6 bulbs

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!" x !

!

= !!.!

x !".!"!

= 1.21 SHR = !

!.! = 1.21


!.!!.!"

= 2.72 = 3 rows Therefore, 6 bulbs/ 3 rows = 2 rows Spacing required for 6.9m wall is !.!

! = 2.3 m

Spacing required for 6.17m wall is !.!"

! = 3.1 m

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There are 6 light fittings required to illuminate the 38.82 m2 of the enclosed office to achieve 300 lux according to MS1525, in order to provide sufficient illumination for users to have good visual quality while doing office work. As shown in the contour analysis, artificial lightings are being introduced to aid in illuminating the space during the day and night, to meet the requirement of MS1525. The 6 artificial lightings are controlled by 2 switches to lit up the space that requires more lighting if the office is not full with librarians.

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2.2.3 Space C: Computer Space


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Type of Fixture Recessed LED Luminaire Type of Light Bulb

Material of Fixture Stainless steel Product Brand & Code PowerBalance RC6008 Normal Life (Hours) 30,000 Wattage Range (W) 26 CRI 100 Colour Temperature, K 3500 Colour Designation Cool White Lumens 5200 Lumen Method Calculation Space B: Office Space Dimension of the Space, L x W (m) L= 11.4, W = 9.6 Total Floor Area, A (m2) 101.23 Height of Ceiling (m) 4.5 Type of lighting fixtures Recessed LED Luminaire Luminous flux of lighting, F (lm) 5200 Height of Luminaires (m) 3.1 Height of Working Plane (m) 1.1 Mounting Height, Hm (m) 4.5 – 1.4 – 1.1 = 2 Standard Illuminance Required according to MS1525

400 lux

Reflectance Factor Ceiling White Plaster Ceiling 0.7 Wall White Painted Wall 0.5 Floor Smooth Concrete Finishing 0.10


!" (!!!)

𝐾 = 11.4 x 9.62 (11.4+9.6)

= 2.61

Utilization Factor, UF 0.5 Maintenance Factor, MF 0.8 Number of Fittings required, N 𝑁 =

400 x 101.235200 x 0.5 x 0.8

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𝑁 =E x A

F x UF x MF

= 19.47 = 20 bulbs


!" x !

!

= !! x !"!.!"

!"

= 1.12 SHR = !

! = 1.12


!!.!!.!"

= 5.11 = 5 rows Therefore, 20 bulbs/ 5 rows = 4 rows Spacing required for 11.4m wall is !!.!

! = 2.28 m

Spacing required for 9.6m wall is !.!

! = 2.4 m

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There are 20 light fittings required to illuminate the 101.23 m2 of the enclosed computer lab to achieve 400 lux according to MS1525, in order to provide sufficient illumination for users to have good visual quality while using computers. As shown in the contour analysis, artificial lightings are being introduced to aid in illuminating the space during the day and night, to meet the requirement of MS1525. The 20 artificial lightings are controlled by 4 switches to switch on the lights only when it requires in order to save electricity cost in a large space regardless of the time.

light analysis of building science ii

Environment