liftinglug calculator
TRANSCRIPT
Sample CalculationThickness of Lug (t) = 20 mmWidth of Lug (W) = 200 mmRadius of Circular Section (R) = 100 mm
= 60 mm
= 57 mmDistance from centre of hole to Welding (h)= 100 mm
Area of Cross Section = 20 x 200 = 4000Length of Crack ( a ) = 4.5 mm
Temperature (T) = 15
= (60 + 0.2 T) Mpa. Sqrt(m)For -140 < T < 150
= 63
Check For Geometry
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
By Yeild TheoryYeild Strength of Plate = 345 MPaEffective width of plate = 200 - 60- 2 x4.5 = 131Tensile Load capacity = 0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =
By Fracture Theory
=
=
Where, d =d = 4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5) = 0.13
= 0.5 x (3 -0.13) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 -0.13)^3 ]= 2.61
s = Load (P) = P / 4000 = 0.0003Area
=63 = 2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)
1 Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack length Calculation
Diameter of Hole ( Dh)
Diameter of Pin ( Dp)
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (Dh / 2 + a) =oC
Fracture Toughness ( k1c)
K1c oC
We =R- Dh/2
We =R- Dh/2
We =R- Dh/2
K1c Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Fd 0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)3 ]
a / (Dh / 2 + a)
Fd
K1c Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Load ( P) = 812 kN
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 30 66 0.032 3.157 1492
1.5 31.5 30 66 0.048 3.059 1257
2 32 30 66 0.063 2.97 1121
2.5 32.5 30 66 0.077 2.89 1031
3 33 30 66 0.091 2.812 967
3.5 33.5 30 66 0.104 2.743 918
4 34 30 66 0.118 2.67 882
5 35 30 66 0.143 2.546 827
5.8 35.8 30 66 0.162 2.457 7967 37 30 66 0.189 2.337 7628 38 30 66 0.211 2.246 7419 39 30 66 0.231 2.167 725
10 40 30 66 0.25 2.096 711
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 15 63 0.032 3.157 1424
1.5 31.5 15 63 0.048 3.059 1200
2 32 15 63 0.063 2.97 1070
2.5 32.5 15 63 0.077 2.89 984
3 33 15 63 0.091 2.812 923
3.5 33.5 15 63 0.104 2.743 876
4 34 15 63 0.118 2.67 842
4.5 34.5 15 63 0.13 2.61 8126 36 15 63 0.167 2.434 7547 37 15 63 0.189 2.337 7278 38 15 63 0.211 2.246 7089 39 15 63 0.231 2.167 692
10 40 15 63 0.25 2.096 678
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 0 60 0.032 3.157 1356
1.5 31.5 0 60 0.048 3.059 1143
2 32 0 60 0.063 2.97 1019
2.5 32.5 0 60 0.077 2.89 937
3 33 0 60 0.091 2.812 879
3.5 33.5 0 60 0.104 2.743 834
3.7 33.7 0 60 0.11 2.711 8215 35 0 60 0.143 2.546 7526 36 0 60 0.167 2.434 7187 37 0 60 0.189 2.337 6938 38 0 60 0.211 2.246 6749 39 0 60 0.231 2.167 659
10 40 0 60 0.25 2.096 646
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 -15 57 0.032 3.157 1289
1.5 31.5 -15 57 0.048 3.059 1086
2 32 -15 57 0.063 2.97 968
2.5 32.5 -15 57 0.077 2.89 890
3 33 -15 57 0.091 2.812 835
3.1 33.1 -15 57 0.094 2.796 8264 34 -15 57 0.118 2.67 7625 35 -15 57 0.143 2.546 7156 36 -15 57 0.167 2.434 6827 37 -15 57 0.189 2.337 6588 38 -15 57 0.211 2.246 6409 39 -15 57 0.231 2.167 626
10 40 -15 57 0.25 2.096 614
Temp = -30 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
1 31 -30 54 0.032 3.157 1221
1.5 31.5 -30 54 0.048 3.059 1029
2 32 -30 54 0.063 2.97 918
2.5 32.5 -30 54 0.077 2.89 843
2.6 32.6 -30 54 0.08 2.873 8323.5 33.5 -30 54 0.104 2.743 7514 34 -30 54 0.118 2.67 7225 35 -30 54 0.143 2.546 6776 36 -30 54 0.167 2.434 6467 37 -30 54 0.189 2.337 6238 38 -30 54 0.211 2.246 6079 39 -30 54 0.231 2.167 593
10 40 -30 54 0.25 2.096 581
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 -45 51 0.032 3.157 1153
1.5 31.5 -45 51 0.048 3.059 971
2 32 -45 51 0.063 2.97 867
2.15 32.15 -45 51 0.067 2.947 8423 33 -45 51 0.091 2.812 747
3.5 33.5 -45 51 0.104 2.743 7094 34 -45 51 0.118 2.67 6825 35 -45 51 0.143 2.546 6396 36 -45 51 0.167 2.434 6107 37 -45 51 0.189 2.337 5898 38 -45 51 0.211 2.246 5739 39 -45 51 0.231 2.167 560
10 40 -45 51 0.25 2.096 549
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Kawish Shaikh P.Eng. UofC
> Dh/4 ; Hence OK
> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK
Both side of Hole
35 mm
Mpa. Sqrt(m) (60 for Steel WT Caterary 4)
> Dh/2 ; Hence OK
< 5t ; Hence OK
> 2t ; Hence OK
mm814 kN
P
Crack Lenth (a) Vs Tensile Load (P)
mm2
LOAD (P)
100
mm
200 mm
100
mm
60 mm Dia. hole
Crack Length (a)
Fracture Theory
601 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
510 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
458 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
424 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
401 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
383 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
371 132 820 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
354 130 807 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
344 128.4 797 345 Net Section will Fracture
336 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture332 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture330 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture329 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
573 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
487 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
437 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
405 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
383 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
366 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
354 132 820 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
344 131 814 345 Net Section will Fracture
327 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
321 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
317 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
315 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
314 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Fracture Theory
546 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
463 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
416 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
386 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
364 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
349 133 826 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
344 132.6 823 345 Net Section will Fracture
321 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
312 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
305 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
302 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
300 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
299 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
519 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
440 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
396 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
366 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
346 134 832 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
343 133.8 831 345 Net Section will Fracture
321 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
305 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
296 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
290 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
287 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
285 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
284 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
491 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
417 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
375 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
347 135 838 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
343 134.8 837 345 Net Section will Fracture
314 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
304 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
289 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
281 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
275 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
272 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
270 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
269 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
464 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
394 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
354 136 845 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
345 135.7 843 345 Net Section will Fracture
310 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
296 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
287 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
273 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
265 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
260 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
257 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
255 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
254 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm) Lo
ad (k
N)
Sample CalculationThickness of Lug (t) = 20 mmWidth of Lug (W) = 200 mmRadius of Circular Section (R) = 100 mm
= 60 mm
= 57 mmDistance from centre of hole to Welding (h)= 100 mm
Area of Cross Section = 20 x 200 = 4000Length of Crack ( a ) = 4.5 mm
Temperature (T) = 15
= (40 + 0.2 T) Mpa. Sqrt(m)For -140 < T < 150
= 43
Check For Geometry
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
= 100 - 60/ 2 = 70 mm
By Yeild TheoryYeild Strength of Plate = 345 MPaEffective width of plate = 200 - 60- 2 x4.5 = 131Tensile Load capacity = 0.9 x 345 x 131 x 20/1000 =
By Fracture Theory
=
=
Where, d =d = 4.5 / (60/ 2 + 4.5) = 0.13
= 0.5 x (3 -0.13) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 -0.13)^3 ]= 2.61
s = Load (P) = P / 4000 = 0.0003Area
=43 = 2.61 x 0.00025P x sqrt(3.1416 x 0.0045)
1 Lifting Lug Load Capacity Vs Crack length Calculation
Diameter of Hole ( Dh)
Diameter of Pin ( Dp)
Distance from centre of hole to edge of crack = (Dh / 2 + a) =oC
Fracture Toughness ( k1c)
K1c oC
We =R- Dh/2
We =R- Dh/2
We =R- Dh/2
K1c Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Fd 0.5 x (3 - d) [ 1 + 1.243 x (1 - d)3 ]
a / (Dh / 2 + a)
Fd
K1c Fd . s. Sqrt( p. a)
Load ( P) = 554 kN
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 30 46 0.032 3.157 1040
1.5 31.5 30 46 0.048 3.059 876
2 32 30 46 0.063 2.97 7822.5 32.5 30 46 0.077 2.89 7183 33 30 46 0.091 2.812 674
3.5 33.5 30 46 0.104 2.743 6404 34 30 46 0.118 2.67 6155 35 30 46 0.143 2.546 577
5.8 35.8 30 46 0.162 2.457 5557 37 30 46 0.189 2.337 5318 38 30 46 0.211 2.246 5179 39 30 46 0.231 2.167 505
10 40 30 46 0.25 2.096 495
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 15 43 0.032 3.157 972
1.5 31.5 15 43 0.048 3.059 8192 32 15 43 0.063 2.97 731
2.5 32.5 15 43 0.077 2.89 6723 33 15 43 0.091 2.812 630
3.5 33.5 15 43 0.104 2.743 5984 34 15 43 0.118 2.67 575
4.5 34.5 15 43 0.13 2.61 5546 36 15 43 0.167 2.434 5157 37 15 43 0.189 2.337 4968 38 15 43 0.211 2.246 4839 39 15 43 0.231 2.167 472
10 40 15 43 0.25 2.096 463
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 0 40 0.032 3.157 904
1.5 31.5 0 40 0.048 3.059 7622 32 0 40 0.063 2.97 680
2.5 32.5 0 40 0.077 2.89 6253 33 0 40 0.091 2.812 586
3.5 33.5 0 40 0.104 2.743 5563.7 33.7 0 40 0.11 2.711 5475 35 0 40 0.143 2.546 5016 36 0 40 0.167 2.434 4797 37 0 40 0.189 2.337 4628 38 0 40 0.211 2.246 4499 39 0 40 0.231 2.167 439
10 40 0 40 0.25 2.096 431
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 -15 37 0.032 3.157 8361.5 31.5 -15 37 0.048 3.059 7052 32 -15 37 0.063 2.97 629
2.5 32.5 -15 37 0.077 2.89 5783 33 -15 37 0.091 2.812 542
3.1 33.1 -15 37 0.094 2.796 5364 34 -15 37 0.118 2.67 4945 35 -15 37 0.143 2.546 4646 36 -15 37 0.167 2.434 4437 37 -15 37 0.189 2.337 4278 38 -15 37 0.211 2.246 4169 39 -15 37 0.231 2.167 406
10 40 -15 37 0.25 2.096 398
Temp = -30 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
1 31 -30 34 0.032 3.157 7691.5 31.5 -30 34 0.048 3.059 6482 32 -30 34 0.063 2.97 578
2.5 32.5 -30 34 0.077 2.89 5312.6 32.6 -30 34 0.08 2.873 5243.5 33.5 -30 34 0.104 2.743 4734 34 -30 34 0.118 2.67 4545 35 -30 34 0.143 2.546 4266 36 -30 34 0.167 2.434 4077 37 -30 34 0.189 2.337 3928 38 -30 34 0.211 2.246 3829 39 -30 34 0.231 2.167 373
10 40 -30 34 0.25 2.096 366
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius Fracture Theory
1 31 -45 31 0.032 3.157 7011.5 31.5 -45 31 0.048 3.059 5912 32 -45 31 0.063 2.97 527
2.15 32.15 -45 31 0.067 2.947 5123 33 -45 31 0.091 2.812 454
3.5 33.5 -45 31 0.104 2.743 4314 34 -45 31 0.118 2.67 4145 35 -45 31 0.143 2.546 3896 36 -45 31 0.167 2.434 3717 37 -45 31 0.189 2.337 3588 38 -45 31 0.211 2.246 3489 39 -45 31 0.231 2.167 340
10 40 -45 31 0.25 2.096 334
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Length of Crack ( a )
(mm) (Dh / 2 + a)Temperature (T) oC
Fracture Toughness
( k1c) d = a / (Dh / 2 + a) Fd
Load (P) (kN) -
Fracture Theory
Kawish Shaikh P.Eng. UofC
> Dh/4 ; Hence OK
> 1.5xDh ; Hence OK
Both side of Hole
35 mm
Mpa. Sqrt(m) (40 for Steel W 350)
> Dh/2 ; Hence OK
< 5t ; Hence OK
> 2t ; Hence OK
mm814 kN
P
Crack Lenth (a) Vs Tensile Load (P)
mm2
LOAD (P)
100
mm
200 mm
100
mm
60 mm Dia. hole
Crack Length (a)
Fracture Theory
419 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
355 137 851 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
319 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
296 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
279 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
267 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
259 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
246 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
240 128.4 797 345 Net Section will Fracture
234 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture232 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture230 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture229 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
391 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
332 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
298 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
276 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
261 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
250 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
242 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
235 131 814 345 Net Section will Fracture
223 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
219 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
216 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
215 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
214 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
Fracture Theory
364 138 857 345 Net Section will Yeild before Fracture
309 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
278 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
257 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
243 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
232 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
229 132.6 823 345 Net Section will Fracture
214 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
208 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
204 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
201 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
200 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
199 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
337 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
286 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
257 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
238 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
225 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
223 133.8 831 345 Net Section will Fracture
208 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
198 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
192 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
188 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
186 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
185 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
184 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
309 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
263 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
236 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
219 135 838 345 Net Section will Fracture
216 134.8 837 345 Net Section will Fracture
198 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
191 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
182 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
177 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
173 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
171 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
170 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
169 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Fracture Theory
282 138 857 345 Net Section will Fracture
239 137 851 345 Net Section will Fracture
215 136 845 345 Net Section will Fracture
210 135.7 843 345 Net Section will Fracture
188 134 832 345 Net Section will Fracture
180 133 826 345 Net Section will Fracture
174 132 820 345 Net Section will Fracture
166 130 807 345 Net Section will Fracture
161 128 795 345 Net Section will Fracture
158 126 782 345 Net Section will Fracture
156 124 770 345 Net Section will Fracture
155 122 758 345 Net Section will Fracture
155 120 745 345 Net Section will Fracture
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
Yeild Theory
Stress in the Net Section
Effective width of
Plate (mm)
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild
TheoryYeild Stress (s)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for 0 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -15 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -30 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN) for -45 oC
Load (P) (kN) - Fracture Theory
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm)
Load
(kN
)
0 2 4 6 8 10 120
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
Crack Length (a) VS Lug Capacity (kN)
Temp = 30 Degree Celcius
Temp = 15 Degree Celcius
Temp = Zero Degree Celcius
Temp = -15 Degree Celcius
Temp = -45 Degree Celcius
Load (P) (kN) -Yeild Theory
a (mm) Lo
ad (k
N)