BY: - AYUSH KESHAV SINGHAL

IPGMER &SSKM HOSPITAL

Chronic diseases are the major cause of death and disability worldwide

Chronic diseases in Developing countries

In India, chronic diseases are accountable for 53% of all deaths as compared to 36% for communicable

diseases.

In Bangladesh, the time period 1986-2006 shows a 350% increase in deaths from cardiovascular and

cerebrovascular disease, and 495% increase in cancer.

Over 60 million people will die from a chronic

disease.

Deaths from infectious

diseases, maternal and perinatal

conditions will decrease by 15%.

Deaths from chronic diseases will increase by

18%.. Most markedly, deaths

from diabetes mellitus will

increase by 35%.

WHO Projection over the next 10 years in India

Why such a Rapid rise?

Successful control of infectious

diseases

Spread of smoking (increases 1.5%

every year, almost exclusively in developing countries)

Urbanization: Less exercise, less

healthy diets and junk food,

increased exposure to toxic agents like

pollution, industrial wastes.

Economic ImpactMore than ¾ of chronic disease

disability in low and middle-income countries affect those in

the age group 15-69, the prime age for economic productivity.

Premature deaths due to heart disease, stroke and diabetes have

caused a loss of 9 billion dollars in national income in 2005, and a net 237 billion over the next 10 years.

The Effect

The changes in conditions can affect a family in as

little as a generation.

Research indicates that fetuses and infants whose bodies are

malnourished develop bodies that are adjusted to the nutritional shortfall.

Result: More susceptibility of developing obesity if over nutrition

occurs.

Predisposing Factors for Chronic diseases

Raised body mass index (Overweight and Obesity)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) refers to a group of common metabolic disorders that share the phenotype of

hyperglycemia.

In the United States, DM is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD), nontraumatic lower extremity

amputations, and adult blindness.

It also predisposes to cardiovascular diseases.

With an increasing incidence worldwide, DM will be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for the foreseeable

future.

Hypertension is one of the leading causes of the global burden of disease.

Approximately 7.6 million deaths (13–15% of the total) and 92 million disability-adjusted life years worldwide were attributable to high blood pressure in 2001.

Hypertension doubles the risk of cardiovascular diseases, including coronary heart disease (CHD), congestive heart failure (CHF), ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke, renal failure, and peripheral arterial disease.

Asthma is a syndrome characterized by airflow obstruction that varies markedly, both spontaneously and with treatment.

The prevalence of atopy and other allergic diseases has also increased over the same time, suggesting that the reasons for the increase are likely to be systemic rather than confined to the lungs.

Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases globally and currently affects

approximately 300 million people worldwide.

The prevalence of asthma has risen in affluent countries over the last 30 years but

now appears to have stabilized, with approximately 10–12% of adults and 15% of

children affected by the disease.

In developing countries where the prevalence of asthma had been much lower,

there is a rising prevalence, which is associated with increased urbanization.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a narrowing of the

small blood vessels that supply blood and oxygen to the heart. CHD is also called

coronary artery disease

Coronary heart disease is caused by

the buildup of plaque in the arteries to your heart. This may also be called hardening

of the arteries .

Fatty material and other substances

form a plaque build-up on the walls of

your coronary arteries. The coronary arteries bring blood and oxygen to your

heart.

This buildup causes the arteries to get

narrow.

As a result, blood flow to the heart can slow down or stop.

Diabetes is a strong

risk factor for heart disease.

High blood pressure increases your risks of heart

disease and heart

failure.

Extra cholesterol

in your blood

builds up inside the walls of

your heart's arteries (blood

vessels).

Smokers have a much

higher risk of heart disease.

Chronic kidney

disease can increase

your risk.

People with

narrowed arteries in another

part of the body

(examples are stroke and poor

blood flow to the legs) are more likely to

have heart disease.

Substance abuse

(such as cocaine)

Being overweight

Not getting enough exercise,

and feeling depressed or having

excess stress are other risk factors.

Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk for coronary artery disease , stroke ,

and type 2 diabetes .

Metabolic syndrome is becoming more and more

common in the United States. Researchers are not sure

whether the syndrome is due to one single cause, but all of the risks for the syndrome are

related to obesity.

The two most important risk

factors for metabolic

syndrome are:

Extra weight around the middle and upper parts of the body (central

obesity ). The body may be described as "apple-shaped."

Insulin resistance, in which the body cannot use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed to help

control the amount of sugar in

the body. As a result, blood sugar and fat levels rise.

Other risk factors include:

Aging

Lack of exercise

Peole who have metabolic syndrome often have two other problems that can either

cause the condition or make it worse:

Excess blood clotting

Low levels of inflammation throughout the body

Emphysema is a type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) involving damage to the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs.

The most common cause is

smoking .

# Germany :2,211 deaths

Projected deaths

worldwide are as follows

# 1 United States: 16,700

deaths

# 2 Japan: 7,491 deaths

# 3 Brazil: 4,747 deaths

# India : 1,211 deaths

#Mexico :2,238 deaths

#South Africa :2,301 deaths

Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the body. Cancerous cells

are also called malignant cells

Benzene and other chemicals

Drinking excess alcohol

Environmental toxins, such as certain poisonous mushrooms and a type of poison that can grow on peanut plants (aflatoxins)

Obesity

Lifestyle changes in chronic disease prevention

Avoid tobacco use.

Maintain a healthy weight.

Maintain daily physical activity.

Limit television watching.

Eat a healthy diet.

Proper standard of living

80% of premature heart disease, stroke and Type II DM, and 40% of cancers can be prevented such!

The present condition demands an urgency.People need to take a step ahead themselves and prevent

the disease to encroach upon them..

Smoking has effects on a healthy person that are devastating.

Smoking increases your cholesterol levels, and constricts blood vessels

Smoking will increase your number of colds and respiratory infections, and diabetics will experience an increased frequency of nerve and kidney disease, as well as an increased risk for limited joint mobility.

Smoking increases your blood sugar level and blood pressure, and can lead to impotence. Smoking can directly increase your risk of heart attack or stroke.

The increase in consumption of alcohol in all ages requires immediate attention !!!!!!

Mc Donalds , Dominos , Pizza

Hut have lured the youth…..The future of tomorrow has to

boycott it !!!!

We need to switch to Smart eating!

Replace saturated and trans fats with unsaturated fats and omega-3 fat sources.

More fruits, vegetables and adequate folic acid intake.

Consume cereal products in their whole-grain, high-fiber form.

Limit sugar and sugar-based beverages.

Limit sodium intake.

Limit excessive caloric intake from any source.

In latest is the hookah !!!!!

The increasing craze among the common people to go in for Hookah smoking has become a cause of worry.

It is considered to be voguish to smoke Hukkah, despite the fact that there are tremendous health risks associated with its use.