lifelong learning in the global knowledge economy
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Lifelong Learning in the Global Knowledge Economy. Implications for Developing Economies. Rapid and continuous change Quality as important as price Organizational changes at firm level Short job tenure in competitive sectors - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Lifelong Learning in the Lifelong Learning in the Global Knowledge EconomyGlobal Knowledge Economy
Implications for Developing Implications for Developing EconomiesEconomies
Characteristics of a Globalized Characteristics of a Globalized Knowledge EconomyKnowledge Economy
• Rapid and continuous change
• Quality as important as price
• Organizational changes at firm level
• Short job tenure in competitive sectors
• Fundamentals of macro stability, openness, competition, good governance
Main messages IMain messages I
• Knowledge economy puts premium on learning
• Requires multi-sectoral, cross-ministerial strategy
• Focus on equity
• Expand access to learning –home, school, job – through multiple learning mechanisms
Main messages IIMain messages II
• Raise quality by changing content, pedagogy, incentives
• Variety of financing mechanisms needed: affordable, sustainable, market-based
• Articulation across education and training to facilitate lifelong learning
• Articulate cross-Ministerial, lifelong learning strategy while building diverse partnerships
Korea: Sequenced ExpansionKorea: Sequenced Expansion
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Gro
ss E
nro
llmen
t R
atio
s
1970 1980 1990 2000
•By 2000, Korea had Universal Primary and Secondary School Enrollment
Primary
Middle School
High School
Tertiary
Learning in the Knowledge EconomyLearning in the Knowledge Economy
Then
Information based
Rote learning
Teacher directed
Just in case
Formal education only
Directive based
Learn at a given age
Now
Knowledge creation/application
Analysis and synthesis
Collaborative learning
Just in time
Variety of learning modes
Initiative based
Incentives, motivation to learn
Education IndicatorsEducation Indicators
70
103 106
62
36
119
69
12
97
46
8
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Pre-Primary Primary Secondary Tertiary
GE
R (
%)
High Income Middle-income Low-income
Brazil: Returns to Schooling in Brazil: Returns to Schooling in 1982 and 19981982 and 1998
0%
4%
8%
12%
16%
20%
Primary (4 ysch)
Low ersecondary(8 ysch)
Uppersecondary(11 ysch)
Tertiary (15 years)
Ret
urns
to s
choo
ling
1982
1998
Not Prepared for Knowledge Not Prepared for Knowledge JobsJobs
0102030405060708090
Sweden OECDaverage
CzechRepublic
ECAaverage
Hungary Slovenia Poland Chile
Percent of 16-65 Year Olds Who Test at Low Information Processing Levels (1994-98)
Learner-centered: Skills and Learner-centered: Skills and Pedagogy Pedagogy
• Teacher: from director to facilitator • Classroom: learn by doing, team
work, individual learning plans• Institution: professional community
centered on achievement
• Learner: motivation, adaptability, analytical thinking, communication, problem solving
Traditional Learning Differs from Lifelong Learning
Traditional learning
Teacher is source of knowledge
Learners receive knowledge
Learners work by themselves
Tests given to prevent progress
All learners do same thing
Teachers receive initial training
Good learners identified
Lifelong learning
Educators are guides to knowledge
People learn by doing
People learn in groups
Assessments guide learning
Individual learning plans
Educators are lifelong learners
Access to lifetime learning
Alternative Delivery Mechanisms
• Increase access to learning opportunitiesIncrease variety of ways learners can learnGive access to knowledge resources
• Enhance quality through technologylearning by doingself-directed learningcontinuously updated curriculumNetworks of good practice
Financing Lifelong LearningFinancing Lifelong Learning
• Expenditures increase, public resources limited
• Priority for public: basic education• Balance between subsidies and market
mechanisms given that– Benefits both private and public– Access to capital uneven
Variety of finance mechanisms: Variety of finance mechanisms: affordable, sustainable, market-basedaffordable, sustainable, market-based
Cost-recovery Subsidies
Traditional loan Voucher
Human capital contracts Learning accounts
Graduate tax Savings accounts
Income contingent loans Tax credits
Entitlements: combination loan/voucher
Governance for Lifelong LearningGovernance for Lifelong Learning
• Requires multi-sectoral, cross-ministerial strategy w/ private sector, civil society
• Enabling environment built on incentives
• Focus on equity to make lifelong learning accessible/affordable to poor and vulnerable
• Demand-driven policy framework, enhanced accountability & transparency
SummarySummary
• Premium on learning
• Expand access to learning through alternative mechanisms and financing
• Raise quality by changing content, pedagogy, incentives
