lifecycle design & stewardship - greenco€¦ · ppt0000000 [read-only] author:...

© 2012 WIPRO LTD | WWW.WIPRO.COM1

Lifecycle design & stewardship

P.S.Narayan

Vice President & Head - Sustainability


Industry’s impact on the environment

Make

Use of constrained resources

Disruption of biogeophysic

al cycles

CarbonWater

Nitrogen and Phosphorus

Energy

Metals Biomass

Land

Use

Use of constrained resources

Energy

Water

Pollution and

disruption of cycles

Health and Safety

hazards

Dispose

Toxic pollution of land, air and

water

Appropriation of scarce land

resources

3

The elements of a production cycle

Product

Design

Extracti

on

Inbound

Logistics

Multi-

Stage

Manufg

Outbound

logistics

Product

Use

EOL

Disposal

Energy

Labor

Land

Energy

Water

Labor

Land

Energy

Labor

Land

Matls

Energy

Water

Labor

Land

Energy

Labor

Energy,

Water

Land

Energy

Labor

Resources

Processes

Generated Waste


Lifecycle design frameworks

5

Open Loop Vs Closed Loop systems

6

7

The Lifecycle Assessment framework (LCA)

8

Lifecycle Analysis

A life-cycle assessment (LCA, also known as life-cycle analysis is a technique to assess

environmental impacts associated with all the stages of a product's life from-cradle-to-

grave (i.e., from raw material extraction through materials processing, manufacture,

distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling).

Attributional LCA: Seeks to establish the burdens associated with the production and

use of a product, or with a specific service or process, at a point in time (typically the recent

past)

Consequential LCA: Seeks to identify the future environmental consequences of a

decision or a proposed change in a system under study i.e. the market and economic

implications of a decision may have to be taken into account.

Social LCA: a different approach to life cycle thinking intended to assess social

implications or potential impacts. Social LCA should be considered as an approach that is

complementary to environmental LCA.

9

Design for Environment

10

Green Production

11

The Product-in-Use

12

End of Life processing

13

14

Non-toxic, non-harmful materials that can be used

in continuous cycles without any negative

environmental impact

Can be disposed of in any natural environment

where they decompose in the soil and provide food

for small life forms

Minimize usage of hazardous, non-recyclable

substances in the product design

Minimize the negative environmental impact of

energy and water usage in the product life cycle

Cradle to Cradle (C2C)

Technical Nutrients

Biological Nutrients

Material health

C2C is a regenerative design approach that is modeled on nature’s processes involved in safe, healthy metabolisms ; Simply put, it is a holistic industrial, economic and social framework that seeks to create products and systems that are not just efficient but waste-free

Energy and Water

footprint

Other variants : Cradle-to-Grave, Cradle-to-Gate, Well-to-Wheel

15

Cradle to Cradle Certification ….(i)

16

Cradle to Cradle Certification ….(ii)

17

Challenges to Lifecycle stewardship

The Great Chemical Stew: Difficult to segregate materials at end of life for further

disposal

The Great Chemical Unknown : Most synthetic chemicals are yet to be tested for health and safety impacts

Clean Energy footprint is still in a nascent stage – 7 to 25% of national electricity

consumptions ; large scale availability for production systems is a question mark

With some exceptions, most industrial products today do not lend themselves well to ‘upcycling’ or ‘reuse’ i.e. the usage of biological nutrients in electronic products can, at best, be a small proportion of the overall product

18

The Great Chemical Unknown

� Only a tiny fraction of the compounds around us have been tested for

safety

● Chemicals used by U.S. consumers and industry: 50,000

● Tested: 300

● Restricted: 5


Case study of the electronics industry


Salient characteristics of the electronics industry

Short, continuous innovation

cycles

Geographically dispersed supply chain

-Makes modular design and reusability a big challeng e

- Results in frequent improvements in certain areas e.g. energy efficiency

10s and 100s of

miniaturized components

- Makes reverse logistics that much more complex

- Aligning multiple stakeholders on common goal requires enormous management attention

- Many countries have sensitive geopolitical dimensions e.g. Conflict minerals

-Achieving forward compatibility a huge challenge

21

The environmental impact of the electronics ecosystem

Primary mining for metals

Considerable land required ;Significant quanta of waste water, sulfur dioxide and GHG emissions from mining

In-Use

Data centers contribute to significant energy consumption and GHG emissions ; One estimate points to more than 30% of lifecycle emissions during the ‘use’ stage

e-waste emissions

Hazardous reaction products as a result of improper treatment : Dioxins, Furans formed by incineration of plastics etc

Tertiary e-waste emissions

Hazardous substances used during recycling and that get released due to improper handling : Cyanide & other leaching agents

22

* Legend: Abiotic depletion (ADP), Global warming (GWP), Ecotoxicity ( ET), Human toxicity (HT), Acidification(Acid), Depletion of the stratospheric zone (ODP), Photooxidant f ormation (POCP), and Eutrophication (Eut)

Results of a Korean computer industry study

23

The challenges and opportunities in e-waste

The chemical stew

Modern electronic components contain up to 60 elements e.g. Mobile phones contain 40 periodic table elements – may of these are precious or hazardous or both, necessitating safe processing and recycling.

Many of these are found in the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) where they are fabricated together on a real estate that typically does not exceed millimeters

Value recoveredE-waste recycling is important because of the presence of so many precious metals ; even a 10% recycling is equivalent to USD 5 Bn saved

Pollution avoided

Recovery of metals can help avoid the negative environmental impact of mining ; as well as EOL emissions and land pollution

24

Metal content of a mobile phone

25

The value of recovered metal

Estimated annual monetary value of metals used in electrical andelectronic equipment : USD 45.4 Bn ( 2007)

26

CO2 emissions from the mining of metals in electron ics


Wipro’s lifecycle approach


Wipro computers – Design to Disposal

Total RoHS

compliance ( EU

ROHS directive)

21 toxic chemicals

eliminated in next

phase.

Phase out of PVC

and BFRs,.

Steps in progress

in eliminating

Beryllium ,Antimony

and phthalates

Energy Star 5

rating for 100% of

product range.

Alignment with

recent BEE

(Bureau of energy

efficiency ) Energy

label requirements.

A structured e-

waste process

arrangement

18 collection

centers across

India

67% increase in

quantum of e-waste

processed over the

last 2 years – a total

of 651 tonnes

processed since

inception in 2006

CHEMICALS MANAGEMENT

ENERGY EFFICIENCY

E-WASTE MANAGEMENT

29

Elimination of Toxics at Wipro

2007 Early 2009 2010 2012+

First RoHS compliant Desktop and Laptop models

99.99% RoHS compliance on all desktop/ laptop models

Beyond RoHS : 1st

PVC and BFR model introduced

Elimination of Beryllium and Antimony


Designing out toxicsS. No. Permissible Quantity (PPM) Permissible

Quantity (PPM)Wipro Strategy

1 Polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) 1000 Banned

2 Refractory Ceramic Fibers Restricted Banned

3 Asbestos and its compounds Restricted Banned

4 Azo dyes/colorants 100 Banned

Ozone depleting substances

(Class I & Class II CFCs and HCFCs)

6 Nickel and its components 1000 Banned

7 Mineral Wool Restricted Banned

8 Lead and its compounds 1000 ROHs Directive compliance

9 Cadmium 100 ROHs Directive compliance

10 Chromium IV 1000 ROHs Directive compliance

11 Mercury 1000 ROHs Directive compliance

12 Polybrominated Biphenyl (PBB) 1000 ROHs Directive compliance

13 Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether (PBDE) 1000 ROHs Directive compliance

14 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Restricted Eliminated in Jan 2010

15 Brominated Flame Retardants Restricted Eliminated in Jan 2010

16 Phthalates 1000 Elimination by 2010

17 Short chain Chloro Paraffin, Alkanes 1000 Control within Limits

18 Antimony and its compounds 1000 Elimination by 2010

19 Beryllium and its compounds 1000 Elimination by 2010

20 Cadmium Oxide 1000 Control within Limits

21 Octabromo diphenyl ether (OBDE) 1000 Control within Limits

5 Restricted Banned

31

RoHS compliance has required Wipro to collaborate closely with its vendors in China and India ; the j ourney has been gradual with a step by step increase in supplier capability

Vendor Summary w.r.t ROHS

compliance

Classific

ation

No. of

Supplier

s

Meeting

ROHS

Norms

%age

Vendor

Imports 43 43 100%

Local 38 33 86.84%


Extended footprint of Wipro computers

GHG footprint : 4400 tCO2 e

Water footprint : 18000 m3

Waste generation : 25 m tons

Operational Supply Chain

33

Wipro’s E-Waste journey

2006 2012+

First collection center set up

Wipro adopted the European standard, WEEE

18 direct and 300 authorized collection centers

Works with only certified e-waste processing firms ( Attero)


� Avoid use of substances in its products that could seriously harm the environment or human health. Follow precautionary principle in this regard

� Invest in energy efficiency ahead of time ; the returns are real and justifiable, both for the manufacturer and the user

� Adopt a strong extended producer responsibility (EPR ) approach for End-of-Life (EOL) processing

� Develop a dynamic of constant collaboration with suppliers so that a continuous improvement cycle is set in motion

� Do not pass on costs to the customer to the maximum extent possible

Wipro Green Computers : Some design principles and milestones


� First product of Indian Origin to be ROHS compliant

� First in India to get for Energy Star 5.0 certification

� First product of Indian Origin to eliminate PVC & BFR from products

� Awarded by ELCINA for Environment Management Systems in 2006 for achieving Top-2 position

� Among the leading players to get the BEE (Bureau of Energy efficiency) qualification for Notebooks

� Consistently rated among the Top2 in the world for the Greener Electronics brand by Greenpeace.

Wipro Green Computing milestones


From Linear to Circular Will require all major stakeholders – designers, manufacturers,

recyclers, government – to come together ; but the benefits can

be enormous in terms of materials and cost savings

From the Many to a

few

-Number of components will need to reduce in products like

computers and telecom equipment so as to lessen the burden on

modular design and logistics

Simplify e-waste

legislation

-In its current state, the e-Waste law in India is needlessly

cumbersome and bureaucratic ; further, the informal sector is not

addressed

- The law must reduce unnecessary paperwork

-Facilitate the involvement of government investment along with

that of the private sector e.g. joint collection centers for CFLs

Some concluding thoughts on the long journey ahead


Thank you

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