Life Support, Habitation, Synthetic BiologyDANIEL BARTA, NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTERJOHN HOGAN, NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER

Disclaimer

The NASA SBIR/STTR subtopic workshop was held for informational purposes only and was an opportunity for the small businesses community to explore and share ideas related to the general technical topic areas.

In the event of any inconsistency between data provided in this presentation and the Final Solicitation, the language in the Final Solicitation, including any amendments, will govern.

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Human Missions Drive NeedsEvolvable Mars Campaign

Earth ReliantISS Through at Least 2024Missions: 6 to 12 months

Return: HoursResupply: conventional logistics

Validate Technologies

Proving GroundMissions Beyond LEO Through 2020s

Missions: 1 to 12 monthsReturn: Days

Resupply: costly and difficultDemonstrate Deep Space Habitat

Earth IndependentMissions to Mars & Vicinity 2030s

Missions: 2 to 3 yearsReturn: Months

Resupply: not possibleMissions to Orbit, Moons, Surface

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Topic Overview - ECLSS

Atmosphere Revitalization Water Recovery Waste Management

Inorganics, organics, microbes Air, water, solids, surfaces Environmental health, process control

Considerations for Exploration Missions Reducing supply from Earth by recycling wastes is

ENABLING. Mass savings is necessary for long duration missions: Water and O2 for a crew of 4 on a 1000-day Mars mission = 20 Metric Tons!

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Environmental Control and Life Support Systems (ECLSS)

Environmental Monitoring and Control

Technology solutions must be robust, reliable and preferably repairable in flight

Must be low in mass, power, volume, crew time and use of consumables.

We need full monitoring capability in flight. We won’t be able to send back samples to Earth

Topic Overviews – Habitation Systems

Logistics Reduction Reuse and repurposing Reducing logistics mass and recycling

wastes Clothing, containers, packing

materials, etc. Habitat Outfitting

Crew accommodations Internal habitat structures,

deployment & automation Habitat evolution and smart habitats

Human-Vehicle Design Interactions Modeling with human factors in mind Focus on crew performance,

behavioral health, physiological and clinical health, well being and safety

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4 Crew, 1 year:― Waste: ~2,600 kg― Logistics: ~5,500 kg

Topic Overview - Bioregenerative Closed Loop Life Support 6

Only biological systems can fully “close the loop” to provide truly sustainable life support through food production from recycled solid and liquid wastes

Through photosynthesis, carbon dioxide is converted to oxygen

Crop plants can be grown to fulfill most dietary requirements for carbohydrate, protein, fats and vitamins

Bioreactors can be utilized to recycle water and degrade organic wastes, to provide nutrients for plant and microbial growth

Topic Overviews - Synthetic Biology 7

What is Synthetic Biology? Engineering approach to biology for designing and building novel

biological systems in a systematic, predictable and reliable manner

Emerging discipline gaining recognition as a paradigm changer due to the investments in genomics and proteomics technologies

Innovative, game-changing discipline that harnesses the diversity in living systems to engineer organisms for specific purposes and applications with functionalities not previously present in one living system

Space Exploration Applications: Life support and Habitation - Biological wastewater treatment, air

revitalization, solid waste conversions, food and nutrient production, biosensing

In situ resource utilization and manufacturing – Bio-manufacturing of polymers, pharmaceuticals, bio-cement, chemicals, fuels; Biomining of metals and other resources

Engineering Algae and Microorganisms for Biomanufacturingand Bioprocessing

Agency Priorities – Space Technology Technology Roadmap TA 6: Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems

6.1 Environmental Control and Life Support Systems and Habitation Systems 6.4 Environmental Monitoring, Safety, and Emergency Response

Technology Roadmap TA 7: Human Exploration Destination Systems 7.2 Sustainability and Supportability 7.4 Habitat Systems

Space Technology Investment Plan “ECLSS” is one of 8 Core technologies for focused agency investment

National Research Council (NRC) “NASA Space Technology Roadmaps and Priorities: Restoring NASA's Technological Edge and Paving the Way for a New Era in Space” 2012 “Long Duration ECLSS” is considered a top technical challenge to extend and sustain human

activities beyond low Earth orbit. High Priority Technologies within Roadmaps:

TA06 Human Health, Life Support, & Habitation: 6.1.1 Air Revitalization, 6.1.2 Water Recovery and Management, 6.1.3 Waste Management, 6.1.4 Habitation

TA07 Human Exploration Destination Systems: 7.1.3 In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) Products/Production, 7.1.4 ISRU Manufacturing, 7.2.1 Autonomous Logistics Management, 7.2.4 Food Production, Processing, and Preservation, 7.4.2 Habitation Evolution, 7.4.3 Smart Habitats

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Agency Priorities and Roles for SBIR BusinessesECLSS Systems Maturation Team 9

Function Capability Gaps OrionLong Duration Microgravity

Habitat

Planetary Surface

CO2 Removal Bed and valve reliability; ppCO2 <4800 mg/m3 (<2 mmHg) X XTrace Contaminant Control Replace obsolete sorbents w/ higher capacity; siloxane removal X X XParticulate Filtration Surface dust pre-filter XCondensing Heat Exchanger Durable, chemically-inert hydrophilic surfaces with antimicrobial properties X XO2 recovery from CO2 Recover >75% O2 from CO2 X XO2 generation Smaller, reduced complexity X XHigh pressure O2 Replenish 3000 psi O2 for EVA; provide contingency medical O2 X XWater microbial control Common silver biocide with on-orbit re-dosing X XUrine collection Backup, no moving parts urine separator X X XWastewater processing >85% water recovery from urine, reliable, reduced expendables, dormancy survival X XUrine brine processing Water recovery from urine brine >90% X XMetabolic solid waste Low mass, universal waste management system X X XNon-metabolic solid waste Volume reduction, stabilization, resource recovery X X

Atmosphere monitoring Smaller, more reliable major constituent analyzer, in-flight trace gas monitor (no ground samples), targeted gas (event) monitor X X X

Water monitoring In-flight identification & quantification of species in water X XMicrobial monitoring Non-culture based in-flight monitor with species identification & quantification X XParticulate monitoring On-board measurement of particulate hazards X XSchneider, W., Gatens, R., Anderson, M., Broyan, J., Macatangay, A., Shull, S., Perry, J., Toomarian, N., “NASA Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Technology Development and Maturation for Exploration: 2015 to 2016 Overview”, 46th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 10-14 July 2016, Vienna, Austria, Paper #ICES-2016-40. Content in Red are part of the focus of the SBIR Subtopics

Roles for Small BusinessesECLSS and Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Monitoring In-Line Silver Monitoring for

Process Control for Potable Water Residual Disinfection

Sample Processing Module for the ISS Microbial Monitors

Hydrazine Measurement Technology

ECLSS Carbon Dioxide Removal Filtration of Particulate Carbon

and Hydrocarbons from Process Gas Streams

Carbon Repurposing Solid State Microwave

Generator for Environmental Control and Life Support

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ISS Regenerative ECLSS as a Point of Departure for Exploration ECLSS

SBIR Focus

Roles for Small BusinessesLogistics Reduction and Habitation

Logistics Reduction Vehicle Level Cold/Alternate

Atmosphere Food Storage Alternative Launch Packaging

of Logistics and Cargo Innovative Crew Clothing

Systems to Extend Duration of Wear

Habitat Outfitting Interior Structures Autonomous Outfitting

Capabilities Human-Vehicle Design Modelling and Estimation of

Integrated Human-Vehicle Design Influences

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Multipurpose Cargo Transfer Bags can be reconfigured as panel for habitat outfitting

Extended wear clothing during ISS technology demonstration

U-shaped "flex hose

at the Destiny

module's optical-quality

window was used

as a handhold

Roles for Small BusinessesBioregenerative & Closed Loop Life Support

Space Exploration Plant Growth Cultivation and Growth Systems Nutrient Recycling Greenhouse Films

Synthetic Biology

Transfer to earth applications. Development of integrated

self-sustainable systems. Processes to allow for closed

loop living applications. Habitation in remote areas

with no Infrastructure

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SBIR Focus

Efficient, In situ biological production of mission-relevant products

Effective microbial production system hardware (bioreactors)

Closed-Loop Living Systems

SBIR Success StoryParagon Space Development Corporation

NASA’s Problem: For regenerative wastewater recycling systems, brine wastewater production results in a considerable loss of water on a yearly basis. It is highly toxic. Consumable containers are used to dispose of the brine, which adds significant consumable mass.

Flight Contract: 2/17/2016 – expected delivery and launch in 2018 for start

of 1 year flight demonstration

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Ionomer-membrane Water Processor (IWP)

SBIR Phase 1: 2/18/2011SBIR Phase 2: 5/18/2012SBIR Phase 3: 4/13/2015

SBIR Success StoryOrbital Technologies Corporation (Orbitec)

Biomass Production System 1995 SBIR Phase II Award

Deployable Vegetable Production System (VEGGIE) 2002 SBIR Phase II Award

Led to VEGGIE Flight Hardware on ISS (installed in Columbus May 7, 2014)

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“Green Wall” 2015 NextSTEP BAA AwardLed to ISS Flight Experiment,

launched April 8, 2002

Resources & Acknowledgements References

Schneider, W.; Gatens, R.; Anderson, M.; Broyan, J.; Macatangay, A.; Shull, S.; Perry, J.; Toomarian, N.; “NASA Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) Technology Development and Maturation for Exploration: 2015 to 2016 Overview”, 46th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 10-14 July 2016, Vienna, Austria, Paper #ICES-2016-40.

Broyan, j; Schlesinger, T.; Ewert, M.; “Exploration Mission Benefits From Logistics Reduction Technologies”, 46th International Conference on Environmental Systems, 10-14 July 2016, Vienna, Austria, Paper #ICES-2016-140.

National Bioeconomy Blueprint: https://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/microsites/ostp/national_bioeconomy_blueprint_april_2012.pdf

http://science.nasa.gov/media/medialibrary/2012/05/04/NRC_review_of_NASA_technology_roadmaps.pdf

Acknowledgements The presenters would like to thank the following people who contributed content to the

presentation materials: Walter Schneider/MSFC, Layne Carter/MSFC, Raymond Wheeler/KSC, Molly Anderson/JSC, James Broyan/JSC, Michael Ewert/JSC, Michael Callahan/JSC, Robert Morrow/Orbitec, Laura Kelsey/Paragon Space Development Corporation

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