life on t he home front
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Life on t he Home Front. Rachael Leonard Tiffany Young Kenneth Hondl. Women and Minorities Gain Ground. The war finally ended the great depression Mobilizing the economy created almost 19 million new jobs and nearly doubled the average families income - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Life on the Home FrontRachael Leonard
Tiffany YoungKenneth Hondl
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Women and Minorities Gain Ground
The war finally ended the great depression
Mobilizing the economy created almost 19 million new jobs and nearly doubled the average families income
families had to move to where the defensive factories were located
Housing conditions were terrible Workers worked 90 hours per week
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Under pressure to produce, employers began to recruit women and minorities
2.5 million women worked in shipyards, aircraft factories, and other manufacturing plants
The success of women permanently changers American’s attitudes about women in the workplace
Although factories were hiring women they resisted hiring African Americans
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A Philip Randolph- the head of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Randolph informed Roosevelt that he was arranging African Americans to march on Washington to secure jobs
Roosevelt issued Executive Order 8802 on June 25,1941which declared that there should be no discrimination in employment in defensive industries or government
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Bracero Program- a program of Mexican farm workers
Bracero- a spanish word meaning workers
The government arranged for the Mexican farm workers to help with the harvest
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A Nation on the Move To get to the jobs, 15 million Americans
moved during the war The growth of southern California and the
expansion of cities in the Deep South created a new industrial region- The Sunbelt
In 1942 Roosevelt created the National Housing Agency to coordinate (to bring into common action) all government housing
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In southern California, racial tensions mixed with juvenile delinquency
Racism against Mexican Americans and the fear of juvenile crime became linked because of the “zoot suit”
Zoot suits- consisted of baggy, pleated pants, an overstuffed knee length jacket with wide lapels and sometimes a wide-brimmed hat
Victory suits- a suit with no vests, no cuffs, a short jacket, and narrow lapels
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In June 1943, after hearing rumors that zoot-suiters had attacked several sailors, about 2,500 soldiers and sailors attacked Mexican American neighborhoods in Los Angles
After Pearl harbor many Americans turned their anger on Japanese American citizens
On February 19, 1942, Roosevelt signed an order allowing the War Department to declare any part of the United states a military zone and to remove people from that zone
He must of felt justified (to prove or show to be just) when 4 days later a Japanese submarine surfaced off the coast of California and shelled an oil refinery
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On December 8, 1941 Roosevelt proclaimed that unnaturalized people14 or older of German and Italian decent were designated as alien enimies
They were subject to government regulations such as travel restrictions, being forced to carry an identification card, and the seizure or personal property
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Daily Life in Wartime The president worried about inflation,
to stabilize wages and prices he created the Office of Economic Stabilization (OES) which regulated wages and the price of farm products
He also created the Office of Price Administration (OPA) which regulated all other prices
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The War Labor Board (WLB) worked to prevent strikes, by the end of the war they had helped settle more than 17,000 disputes
Rationing- limiting the purchase of many products to make sure enough were available for the war effort
A person from each household picked up a book of rationing coupons every month
The coupons consisted of red points, blue points, and miscellaneous coupons
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Red points controlled meats, fats, and oils Blue points controlled processed foods Miscellaneous coupons controlled items
such as coffee, shoes, and sugar Victory Gardens- gardens planted to
produce more food for the effort Certain raw materials were so vital to
the war effort that the government organized scrap drives
To earn more ration coupons you could exchange bacon grease and meat drippings, this helped with the scrap drives
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The federal government spent more than $300 billion during WW2
To raise money the government raised taxes, congress refused to raise taxes as high as Roosevelt wanted
As a result taxes collected only covered 45% of the wars cost
The government issued war bonds to make up the difference, individuals bought nearly $50 billion worth of war bonds, institutions bought the rest more than $100 billion worth
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Hollywood Goes to War In 1942 Roosevelt created the Office of War
Information (OWI) The OWI’s mission was to improve the publics
understanding of the war Created guidelines for various forms of media The Donald Duck cartoon Der Fuehrer’s Face
was one of the media that followed these guidelines
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5LYD0Fzf1LU
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Question 1
Workers worked an average of how many hours per week?
› 90 hours
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Question 2
Executive Order 8802 declared what?
› There should be no discrimination in employment in defensive industries and government
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Question 3
The ____________ was designed to coordinate all government housing.
› National Housing Agency
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Question 4 On December 8, 1941, Roosevelt
proclaimed that unnaturalized people 14 or older of ______ and _______ decent were designated enemy aliens
› German, Italian
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Question 5
______ ________ controlled processed foods› Blue points
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Question 6
Certain raw materials were so vital to the war effort that the government organized ______ ______
› Scrap drives
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Question 7
To earn more ration coupons you could exchange _______ ______ and ______ _________.
› Bacon grease/ meat drippings
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Question 8
______ _________ controlled meats, fats, and oils.
› Red points
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Question 9
Mobilizing the economy created almost ___________ new jobs.
› 19 million
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Question 10
2.5 million ________ worked in shipyards, aircraft factories, and other manufacturing plants.
› women