life in the english colonies 5.1 forms of government
TRANSCRIPT
Colonial Governments
• CHARTER: Power is given for a government– Three types of Charters
– Proprietary: Individuals ran the colony and chose the leaders
– Company: The company chose the leaders
– Royal: The King chose the leaders
• PRIVY COUNCIL- They oversaw English Policy in the colonies.
• The King granted all charters and had the last say on policy!
Colonial Assemblies
• BICAMERAL LEGISLATURE- Two house lawmaking body.
• Representatives are elected by the colonists.
• TOWN MEETINGS: A gathering to decide important issues on the local level.
Colonial Courts
• Many courts enforced the colony’s religious views or protected individual freedoms.
• John Zenger: Fought for freedom of the press. He was found not guilty.
The Dominion of New England
• James II is the new King of England.
• He wants more control over the colonies.
• He unites the northern colonies under one government
• He limits town meetings
The Glorious Revolution• James II kicked out by
William and Mary
• All charters restored to the colonies, but the King chose the governor
• ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS: Power of the English Monarchy is reduced. Parliaments has more say.
English Trade Laws
• MERCANTILISM: Create and maintain wealth by controlling trade
• BALANCE OF TRADE- A balance between imports and exports.
ImportsExports
English Trade Laws
• NAVIGATION ACTS- – It required the colonies to do
most of their trading with England
– Trade in the colonies becomes unbalanced.
– Heavy taxes were also applied to imported goods.
– This leads to smuggling
English Trade Laws
• TRIANGULAR TRADE-– Trade in the form of a triangle
• Example: America to Africa to West Indies to America
The Middle
Passage
• The journey from Africa to America
• It could last as long as three months
• 10 million slaves cross the Atlantic Ocean
• Thousands die from smallpox and suicide
• Wealth forces people to close their eyes to the inhumanity of slavery.
Agriculture in the Southern Colonies
• Warm climate and long growing seasons
• CASH CROPS: Tobacco, rice, and indigo
• SLAVE CODES- – Laws to control slaves
– You could not have meeting, own weapons, or learn to read or write.
Industry and Trade in New England
• The land was not good for growing crops
• Trade, fishing, and shipbuilding supported the economy.
The Middle Colonies
• Good growing seasons with rich land
• STAPLE CROPS: Crops that are always needed such as wheat, barley, and oats
• Trade was also very good
Religion in the Colonies
• Most colonists are Protestants– South: Anglican– Middle: Quakers, Lutherans– New England: Congregationalist (Puritan)
• Some Catholics in Maryland, Jewish in cities.
The Great Awakening
• Not a single event.• A series of REVIVALS or
gatherings where People come together to hear sermons and declare their faith.
• Popular with young men and women.
• Focused on renewing religious enthusiasm and commitment.
The Great Awakening
• We are all born sinners, but could be saved by God. Rich or Poor alike.
• Communication increases among colonies with traveling ministers.
• Equality for all was promoted and revivals became popular places to discuss politics.
Education
• There were more schools in New England
• Southern families usually lived far from towns and required tutors or parents for their education
• Most stopped their education after the elementary grades.