life during the middle ages october 10, 2005. a little history the dark ages or medieval times the...

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Life During the Life During the Middle Ages Middle Ages October 10, 2005 October 10, 2005

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Page 1: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Life During the Middle Life During the Middle AgesAges

October 10, 2005October 10, 2005

Page 2: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

A Little HistoryA Little History

The Dark Ages or Medieval The Dark Ages or Medieval TimesTimes

Covered almost 1,000 years of Covered almost 1,000 years of Western EuropeWestern Europe

History clouded by myth & History clouded by myth & legendslegends

Ruled by hundreds of Ruled by hundreds of Feudal Lords & KingsFeudal Lords & Kings

Page 3: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

A Little HistoryA Little History

Cities were surrounded by walls Cities were surrounded by walls and homes were often castlesand homes were often castles

There were many wars, battles & There were many wars, battles & fights among people, cities, etc.fights among people, cities, etc.

Weapons included swords, axes, Weapons included swords, axes, longbows, crossbows, stones and longbows, crossbows, stones and daggers daggers

Cities & castles were Cities & castles were often looted after battleoften looted after battle

Page 4: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

A Little HistoryA Little History

People from this era -- knights, People from this era -- knights, soldiers, peasants & pilgrimssoldiers, peasants & pilgrims

Goods gathered during battle Goods gathered during battle were often traded and soldwere often traded and sold

Merchants brought silks, cotton, Merchants brought silks, cotton, spices from around the world spices from around the world but also brought Black Deathbut also brought Black Death

Page 5: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

LifestyleLifestyle People spent time working the People spent time working the

land to grow food for survivalland to grow food for survival Social activities were important – Social activities were important –

fairs, merchants selling goods, fairs, merchants selling goods, games in the local tavern, games in the local tavern, tournaments, weddingstournaments, weddings

People were superstitious but People were superstitious but merchants brought back merchants brought back medical & human body medical & human body knowledgeknowledge

Page 6: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval Business & Medieval Business & CommerceCommerce

Cities were paved with stone Cities were paved with stone roads, & were filled with buildings, roads, & were filled with buildings, churches & marketplaceschurches & marketplaces

Little room for orchards, fields, Little room for orchards, fields, and grazingand grazing

Animal traffic made roads Animal traffic made roads unsanitaryunsanitary

Water supplies limitedWater supplies limited

Page 7: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval Business & Medieval Business & CommerceCommerce

Market was held 1 x a week in Market was held 1 x a week in the town squarethe town square

Merchants trade also included Merchants trade also included protection treatiesprotection treaties

Fairs would attract foreign Fairs would attract foreign merchants – last merchants – last several daysseveral days

Page 8: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Holidays & CelebrationsHolidays & Celebrations

Celebrations revolved around Celebrations revolved around feast days or planting & feast days or planting & harvesting of cropsharvesting of crops

November -- blood month -- feed November -- blood month -- feed was scarce; meat was smoked, was scarce; meat was smoked, salted & cured for wintersalted & cured for winter

From Christmas to 12From Christmas to 12thth day of day of January – vacation, feastsJanuary – vacation, feasts

Plow Monday -- racesPlow Monday -- races

Page 9: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval Food – Manor HouseMedieval Food – Manor House

Fowl – geese, chicken, larks, Fowl – geese, chicken, larks, capons, beef, bacon, lamb capons, beef, bacon, lamb

Near water – salmon, herring, Near water – salmon, herring, eels and fresh water fish – salted, eels and fresh water fish – salted, smoked or fresh smoked or fresh

Milled flour & meals from grainMilled flour & meals from grain Dairy products – cheese & milkDairy products – cheese & milk

Page 10: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval Food – Manor HouseMedieval Food – Manor House

Lacked fruits and vegetablesLacked fruits and vegetables Since a variety of foods were Since a variety of foods were

not available year-round, not available year-round, Diet lacked nutrients – A, B, C, Diet lacked nutrients – A, B, C,

D, and E vitamins and some D, and E vitamins and some mineralsminerals

Page 11: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval Food -- PeasantsMedieval Food -- Peasants Barley & rye breads wheat went to Barley & rye breads wheat went to

the marketthe market Drank ale made from barley & water Drank ale made from barley & water

– flavored with honey– flavored with honey Cabbage, onions, garlic, nuts, Cabbage, onions, garlic, nuts,

berries, leeks, spinach, parsley were berries, leeks, spinach, parsley were used to make soupused to make soup

Raw vegetables were Raw vegetables were thought to be unhealthythought to be unhealthy

Little protein – maybe Little protein – maybe peas & beanspeas & beans

Page 12: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval Foods -- PeasantsMedieval Foods -- Peasants

Lacked protein, B vitamins, Lacked protein, B vitamins, vitamins A, C, and D and not vitamins A, C, and D and not high in calorieshigh in calories

Ale often made up the calorie Ale often made up the calorie difference difference

Diets were also low in Diets were also low in fat & high in fiberfat & high in fiber

Hunger was constantHunger was constant

Page 13: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval DiseasesMedieval Diseases

Rough wool next to skin caused Rough wool next to skin caused skin diseasesskin diseases

Lack of fruits, vegetables & Lack of fruits, vegetables & protein – scurvy, intestinal tract protein – scurvy, intestinal tract disordersdisorders

Winter – pneumoniaWinter – pneumonia Improper sanitation Improper sanitation

– typhoid fever– typhoid fever

Page 14: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval DiseasesMedieval Diseases

Mental illness – injuries during Mental illness – injuries during birthbirth

Leprosy – most feared until the Leprosy – most feared until the Black Death – leper colonies Black Death – leper colonies were everywherewere everywhere

In France – 11In France – 11thth – 13 – 13thth centuries over 2,000 centuries over 2,000 leprosy coloniesleprosy colonies

Page 15: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval -- FaminesMedieval -- Famines Lack of food was a constant fearLack of food was a constant fear Never had enough surplus to Never had enough surplus to

develop storage systemsdevelop storage systems By 1300s adequate supplies By 1300s adequate supplies

grown under best conditionsgrown under best conditions Climate grew cooler Climate grew cooler

and wetter & earlier and wetter & earlier stormsstorms

1315-1317 decimated 1315-1317 decimated cropscrops

Page 16: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval FaminesMedieval Famines

Hoarding preceded faminesHoarding preceded famines Black markets for food sold wellBlack markets for food sold well Elderly stopped eating so Elderly stopped eating so

younger one could surviveyounger one could survive Grimm’s Fairy Tale – Hansel Grimm’s Fairy Tale – Hansel

and Gretel – may have been and Gretel – may have been born out of the born out of the reality of these reality of these faminesfamines

Page 17: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval -- FaminesMedieval -- Famines

People killed their animals and People killed their animals and ate seed grain for foodate seed grain for food

Dogs & cats disappearedDogs & cats disappeared Rumors of cannibalismRumors of cannibalism Black Death eliminated more Black Death eliminated more

peoplepeople Created enough Created enough

food for survivorsfood for survivors

Page 18: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval – Black DeathMedieval – Black Death

1347-1351 -- total nightmare – a time 1347-1351 -- total nightmare – a time of horrorof horror

Every 4Every 4thth person would die in three person would die in three years or ¼ of the people would dieyears or ¼ of the people would die

Black Death brought to Western Black Death brought to Western Europe along trading routes Europe along trading routes – exact location unknown– exact location unknown

Cities were worse – narrow Cities were worse – narrow streets, close homes – streets, close homes – transmitted diseasestransmitted diseases

Page 19: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval – Black DeathMedieval – Black Death

Transmitted by rats and fleasTransmitted by rats and fleas In larger cities, half the people In larger cities, half the people

died; some up to 90% dieddied; some up to 90% died Disease attacked lymph, Disease attacked lymph,

respiratory and circulatory respiratory and circulatory systems – fatal pneumonia systems – fatal pneumonia

Almost 100% of Almost 100% of infected people infected people dieddied

Page 20: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval – Black DeathMedieval – Black Death

Rhyme: Rhyme:

Ring around the rosie,Ring around the rosie,

A pocketful of posie,A pocketful of posie,

Ashes, Ashes, Ashes, Ashes,

All fall down.All fall down.

Page 21: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval – Black DeathMedieval – Black DeathTrying to avoid disease included: Trying to avoid disease included: Drinking fine wineDrinking fine wine Eating the best of meatsEating the best of meats Filling the mind with thought other Filling the mind with thought other

than deaththan death Medical treatment – valerian root, Medical treatment – valerian root,

moonwort, arsenic, brimstonemoonwort, arsenic, brimstone Opium given as Opium given as

anestheticanesthetic Blood-lettingBlood-letting

Page 22: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval vs. TodayMedieval vs. Today

Protein – Protein – poultry, poultry, seafood, beef, seafood, beef, porkpork

Poor ate beans Poor ate beans but not but not combined with combined with grainsgrains

Protein – Protein – seafood, seafood, poultry, beef, poultry, beef, pork, milk, dairy pork, milk, dairy products, soy, products, soy, combined combined grains & beans. grains & beans. Manufactured Manufactured proteinsproteins

Page 23: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval vs. TodayMedieval vs. Today

Starchy FoodsStarchy Foods Wheat, barley, Wheat, barley,

rye, oats, bread, rye, oats, bread, porridge porridge

Starchy FoodsStarchy Foods Wheat, barley, Wheat, barley,

rye, oats, rye, oats, bread, cereal, bread, cereal, rice, pasta, rice, pasta, cakes, cookies, cakes, cookies, pastriespastries

Page 24: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval vs. TodayMedieval vs. Today

Fruits/VegetablesFruits/Vegetables Low availabilityLow availability Low food intakeLow food intake

Fruits/VegetablesFruits/Vegetables Available but Available but

often not often not purchasedpurchased

Low food intakeLow food intake

Page 25: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval vs. TodayMedieval vs. Today

FatsFats Peasants -- Peasants --

very low – very low – animal animal sources, sources, some dairysome dairy

Lords/Kings – Lords/Kings – very high, very high, meat, cheese meat, cheese intakeintake

Fats Fats High – High –

animal fat, animal fat, oil, fried oil, fried foods, dairy, foods, dairy, cheese, cheese, trans fatty trans fatty acids, acids, processed processed foodsfoods

Page 26: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval vs. TodayMedieval vs. Today

FluidFluid MeadMead Beer/AleBeer/Ale WineWine Water w/ Water w/

honey - poor honey - poor sanitationsanitation

FluidFluid MilkMilk Coffee/TeaCoffee/Tea SodasSodas JuiceJuice WaterWater Sports drinksSports drinks AlcoholAlcohol

Page 27: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Medieval vs. TodayMedieval vs. Today

ResultsResults Poor nutritional Poor nutritional

statusstatus Faced Faced

communicable communicable diseasesdiseases

Low chronic Low chronic diseasedisease

This combination This combination resulted in resulted in deathsdeaths

ResultsResults Poor nutritional Poor nutritional

statusstatus Very few Very few

communicable communicable diseases but bird diseases but bird flu a threatflu a threat

High chronic High chronic diseasedisease

This combination This combination is projected to is projected to result in deathsresult in deaths

Page 28: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

Middle Ages vs. TodayMiddle Ages vs. Today

We love our habits more We love our habits more than our income, often than our income, often

more than our life.more than our life. ~ Bertrand Russell~ Bertrand Russell

Page 29: Life During the Middle Ages October 10, 2005. A Little History The Dark Ages or Medieval Times The Dark Ages or Medieval Times Covered almost 1,000 years

A joint project of Food Services Branch and Health & Human Services Branch. A message from the California Department of Health and Human Services. Funding provided by USDA's Food Stamp Program. This institution is an equal opportunity provider and employer, helping limited income Californians buy more nutritious foods for a healthier diet. For more information about Food stamps, please call (323) 418-2440.