life cycle of stars constellation project information
TRANSCRIPT
Life Cycle of Stars
Constellation Project
Information
How Stars Begin…
• Inside vast clouds of gas and dust floating in space, gravity causes the denser areas to pull together, or coalesce.
• These clouds are called nebulae.
Crab Nebula
Cat’s Eye Nebula
As the nebula starts to spin…
• Gravity compresses the gas and dust into a spinning disk with a bulge in the middle.
• A warm protostar forms as the center collapses under its own gravity.
• The protostar radiates heat and ejects matter from its poles.
• Eventually, fusion begins in hydrogen gas at the core and the star begins its life.
The disk either disperses or forms planets
Not all stars are the same:
• Stars exist that are significantly larger and significantly smaller than our sun.
• Not all stars have planets.
• Some stars are older than our sun and some are younger.
The Hertzprung-Russell Diagram
• Built to show the relationship between absolute magnitude, luminosity, classification and effective temperature of the stars.
Many variations exist..
• Notice the spectral classes at the bottom and their relationship to surface temperature.
• This version also includes the red and blue giant regions.
• Be sure to compare your stars to the Sun.
How Stars End
• Stars burn until they use all their nuclear fuel.
• Different size stars evolve differently.
• The larger a star, the hotter, brighter and shorter lived it is.
A Star the Size of Our Sun
• Burns for 10 billion years
• Star exhausts its hydrogen and swells into a red giant.
• Core collapses. Nuclear reaction blows off the star’s surface.
Blown-off gases form a glowing nebula.
The core of the star collapses into a white dwarf star.
• When our Sun becomes a red giant its size will interfere with the Earth’s orbit.
• We’re about 4 billion years from when that will occur.
A Star 10 x the size of our Sun
• Burns out in 20 million years
• Bright, hot, blue star uses up its hydrogen fuel, swells into a red supergiant.
• It is 5000 x more luminous than our Sun (see comparison in the two pictures)
• When nuclear reactions cease, the core collapses and the star explodes in a brilliant supernova.
• If the star explodes with enough force, much of its mass is hurled into space, leaving behind a small, dense neutron star.
A Star 30 x the size of the Sun
• These stars can exhaust their fuel in as little as 1 million years.
• This large star is one of the most luminous in the universe.
• It expands into a red supergiant and ends in a powerful supernova explosion.
• Its huge core collapses past the neutron star stage and becomes a black hole
• This is a dense, heavy structure whose gravity is so strong that not even light can escape from the interior.
An artists representation
• I love this picture of a black hole seemingly devouring a nearby star.
• Notice the X-ray emissions of the black hole showing how matter is changed into energy.
Works Cited
• Rand McNally New Concise Atlas of the
Universe, “The Universe Explained;
The Life and Death of Stars”