life cycle analysis for urban waste treatment optimization (nov. 2014)
DESCRIPTION
Life Cycle Analysis for Urban Waste Treatment Optimization Prof. D.A. Sarigiannis Department of Chemical Engineering Aristotle University of Thessaloniki AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014TRANSCRIPT
Life Cycle Analysis
for
Urban Waste Treatment Optimization
Prof. D.A. Sarigiannis
Department of Chemical Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH)
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting, Atlanta, USA * November 16-21, 2014
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
1,2
GR-54124, Thessaloniki, Greece
Life Cycle Analysis for
Urban Waste Treatment Optimization
D.A. Sarigiannis
1Department of Chemical Engineering,
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
2Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CE.R.T.H.),
Thessaloniki, 57001, Greece
2014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014 1
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
22014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Exposome - data
and analysis needs
Systems Effects /
Individual exposome
Community
Effects / Cohorts
GI tract – portal vein
L
iv
er
H
ea
rt
B
ra
in
M
us
cl
esS
ki
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K
id
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ysA
di
po
seB
on
es
B
re
as
tUterus - gonads
L
un
gs
GI tract – portal vein
L
iv
er
H
ea
rt
B
ra
in
M
us
cl
esS
ki
n
K
id
ne
ysA
di
po
seB
on
es
B
re
as
tUterus - gonads
L
un
gs
metabol
iteformati
on
A
rt
er
ia
l
bl
oo
d
V
en
ou
s
bl
oo
d
A
rt
er
ia
l
bl
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d
V
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ou
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oo
d
Cellular/tissue
effects
Molecular
initiating events
Transcriptomics
Ubiquitous
personal sensors
Environmental
sensors
Environmental
modeling / data
management
Remote
sensing
Environmental
analysis
Human
biosampling
Agent based
modelling
Metabolomics
Fluxomics
(dynamic flux
balance analysis)
Pathway analysisBioinformatics /
systems biology
EWAS
Epigenetics
Exposure
modelling
PBBK
modelling
Contaminated
sites
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
32014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
• To ensure an ecological balance and decrease the health and environmental
problems
• To select waste management scenario based on “waste hierarchy” for zero
waste concept
• Forced by European and national waste legislation
• To achieve sustainable development through Industrial
Symbiosis
• To aim towards waste minimization at the source
Why assess environmental
performance in Greece?
Eliminate
some or all materials
Reduce the amount of
packaging used
Reuse
The packaging
Recovery
through composting or
energy from waste
Disposal
through incineration or landfill
Eliminate
some or all materials
Reduce the amount of
packaging used
Reuse
The packaging
Recovery
through composting or
energy from waste
Disposal
through incineration or landfill
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
42014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Environmental and Health Impact Assessment
Waste management analysis
by multi-scale approach
Interpretation of
the results,
Assessment of
Environmental and
Health impacts of
Waste Management
scenarios
Inventory phase
Impact
assessment
phase
Goal & Scope /
functional unit
- Process
development and
Improvements
- Public policy
- Strategic
Planning
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
52014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Athens (1350 ktn/yr), covers the tonnage of all the Attica region
Thessaloniki (600 ktn/yr)
Waste composition of the cities
Elements of MSW Athensa Thessalonikib
Organics 42% 36%
Paper 29% 26%
Plastic mixture 14% 20%
Metal 3% 3%
Glass 3% 4%
Others 6% 11%a:information taken by HSWMA, 2012 b
: information taken by Chatziangelou, 2007
Waste composition in Athens
& Thessaloniki
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
62014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1982 1984 1990 1997 2005 2008 2011
%
yr
Organic- Biowaste
Parer
Plastic
Metal
MSW Composition of Athens
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
72014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
• Landfilling
• Recycling & Landfilling
• Recycling & Biological treatments
• Incineration & Landfilling
• Incineration & Biological treatments
Municipal Waste
Management Options
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
82014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
• Landfilling
• Recycling & Landfilling
• Recycling & Biological treatments
• Incineration & Landfilling
• Incineration & Biological treatments
Municipal Waste
Management Options
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
92014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
• Landfilling
• Recycling & Landfilling
• Recycling & Biological treatments
• Incineration & Landfilling
• Incineration & Biological treatments
Municipal Waste
Management Options
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
102014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
• Landfilling
• Recycling & Landfilling
• Recycling & Biological treatments
• Incineration & Landfilling
• Incineration & Biological treatments
Municipal Waste
Management Options
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
112014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
• Landfilling
• Recycling & Landfilling
• Recycling & Biological treatments
• Incineration & Landfilling
• Incineration & Biological treatments
Municipal Waste
Management Options
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
122014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Waste management
system analysis
• Material Flow Analysis and Gross Energy Requirement
• Solar Emergy Analysis
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
132014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Environmental Impact
categories assessment for Athens
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
142014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Environmental Impact
categories assessment for Thessaloniki
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
152014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
0.00E+00
1.00E+10
2.00E+10
3.00E+10
4.00E+10
5.00E+10
LD
RE
RE&AD&Com
pIN
IN&AD&Comp
CED ATHENS in MJ
Cumulative Energy
and Exergy Demand
0.00E+00
5.00E+09
1.00E+10
1.50E+10
2.00E+10
2.50E+10
3.00E+10
LD
RE
RE&AD&Com
pIN
IN&AD&Comp
CED THESSALONIKI in MJ
0.00E+00
2.00E+11
4.00E+11
6.00E+11
8.00E+11
1.00E+12
1.20E+12
1.40E+12
LD
RE
RE&AD&Co
mpIN
IN&AD&Co
mp
CExD ATHENS in MJ
0.00E+00
5.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.50E+11
2.00E+11
2.50E+11
3.00E+11
3.50E+11
LD
RE
RE&AD&CompIN
IN&AD&Comp
CExD THESSALONIKI in MJ
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
162014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Athens Thessaloniki Athens Thessaloniki Athens Thessaloniki
Birth defects Cancer Mortality (PM and NOx)
Ex
pe
cte
d c
as
es
(b
irth
de
fec
ts –
ca
nc
er)
–
Mo
rta
lity
(Y
oL
L)
Health Impact Assessment
Landfilling Incineration
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
172014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Conclusions of multi-method
and multi-scale analysis
• Life Cycle Analysis of 5 different waste management options was conducted for Athens & Thessaloniki
Selected Environmental Impact Indicators:
• Abiotic depletion
- Recycling & Biological Treatments seem to reduce the need for landfilling significantly
• Environmental Impact categories
- Incineration & Landfilling is the most polluting waste management option
- Recycling & Biological Treatment are the best option in terms of GWP and AP
• Cumulative energy and exergy requirement
- Incineration & Landfilling have the highest energy and exergy requirement
• Health impact
- Incinerators present higher health impact
- Low health impact in both landfills use and incineration due to the low population density in the vicinity (up to three km) of the selected SWM options
Environmental
Engineering
Laboratory
182014 AIChE Annual Meeting Atlanta, USA November 16-21, 2014
Department of Chemical Engineering
School of Engineering
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Thank you for your kind
attention
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