life activities
DESCRIPTION
Life Activities. All living things are made of matter: Matter: . Def: Anything that takes up space and has mass 2 Types of matter: 1. Inorganic 2. Organic. Characteristics Common to all living organisms. Organic. Any matter that contains the element Carbon (exception – CO & CO 2 ) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Life ActivitiesCharacteristics Common to all living
organisms
All living things are made of matter:
Matter: • Def: Anything that takes up space and has mass
• 2 Types of matter:1. Inorganic2. Organic
Organic • Any matter that contains the element Carbon (exception – CO & CO2)
• All living organisms are carbon based life forms
• Matter that is living or was once part of a living organism is most likely organic– Ex. Wool, Honey, Cotton,
Sugar, Wood
Inorganic • Any matter that does not have carbon (except – CO & CO2)
• Examples1. H2O – Water2. NaCl – Salt3. Sand, Gold, Iron, Lead
Mr. StrangerM – MetabolismR – RespirationS – SynthesisT – TransportR – RegulationA – AssimilationN – NutritionG – GrowthE – ExcretionR - Reproduction
Metabolism • All the chemical reactions in your body
• Example: Burning off energy– A higher metabolism burns
off energy faster– A slower metabolism burns
off energy slower (and if food consumed is not burned, it is stored for later)
Respiration • Release of chemical energy in the presence of food and oxygen
• Occurs in each and every cell of your body
• Breathing brings in oxygen• Eating brings in sugar• Energy is released for the body to use• Carbon Dioxide and Water is released as
waste.
+ CO2O2 + C6H12O6 + H2OATP(energy)
Respiration • Aerobic Respiration:– Oxygen is used in this type of
respiration– More efficient and more energy
is released
• Anaerobic Respiration:– Respiration without oxygen– Less efficient and less energy
• Fermentation:– Yeast break down sugar in bread to
release carbon dioxide
• Lactic Acid Production:– Occurs in your muscles when they
cannot get enough oxygen.
Synthesis • Combining simple substance to make complex substances
• Example: Combine simple proteins to make muscle
Transport • The movement of substances within an organism– Unicellular: • Moving substances into and
out of the cell using diffusion
– Multicellular:• Same as unicellular, but also
requires a circulatory system to bring substances to and away from each and every cell.
Regulation • The maintaining of Homeostasis:– A constant internal
environment• Examples:– Warm blooded animals create
their own heat to regulate their body temperature
– Cold blooded change their behavior to bask in the sun to regulate their body temperature
Assimilation • The body uses nutrients in food (proteins, fats) to build/repair/power itself.
• “You are what you eat”
Nutrition • Is the combination of:
Ingestion Digestion AbsorptionTaking in food Breaking down
food into simple substances
Simple substances are absorbed by the cells
Nutrition
Used for Energy
Food
Used for growth and repair
DuringRespiration
During Synthesis and Assimilation
• The different uses of food
Growth • Increase in size/or maturing
• Life Span – The maximum amount of Time an organism is expected to live
Excretion • The removal of waste from a cellExamples:– Breathing out CO2
– Sweat (perspiration)– Urination
Excretion Ingestion
DigestionNot AbsorbedAbso
rbed
Egestion(feces, poop)
Used in Respiration
Waste of Respiration Excreted
Reproduction • 2 Types
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
• 2 Parents• Offspring are not
identical to parents
• 1 Parent• Offspring are
identical to parent
Asexual Reproduction
Budding Binary Fission• When an organism
grows off the parent
• Example:Hydra
• When one cell splits in half into 2 cells.
• Example:Bacteria
Asexual Reproduction
Budding Binary Fission
Early Earth • Formation began approximately 4.6 billion years ago.
• Composition of the early Earth’s atmosphere:– Water vapor– Carbon Monoxide– Hydrogen Sulfide– Methane– Hydrogen
Stanley Miller • First scientist to provide evidence for the possible creation of life.
• Simulated the conditions of the early Earth, which created the building blocks of life!
4 Organic Molecules
1. Carbohydrates2. Proteins3. Fats/Oils4. Nucleic Acids
Chemistry of Living Things
Carbohydrates • Main source of energy for living things
• Made up of 3 elements:– Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
• 2 Main Categories
Starches• Potatoes, Rice,
Noodles, Bread• When broken
down, starches will become simple sugars
Simple Sugars:- Fruits and
other processed sugar
Proteins • Made of Elements:– Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen,
and Nitrogen• Amino Acids are the
building blocks of a protein.• Sources: Beans, Poultry,
Nuts, Eggs, Meats, Fish, etc..• Used for growth, repair, hair,
muscles, and energy
Enzymes • A special type of protein that regulates chemical activity. It is a catalyst, which speeds up or slows down a chemical reaction, but is not changed by the reaction.
Fats/Oils(also known as
lipids)
• Energy rich compounds• Made of the Elements:– Carbon, Oxygen, and
Hydrogen• Fats Solid at Room Temp.• Oil Liquid at Room Temp.• Provide Insulation From:– Heat– Cushioning vital organs from
damage
Nucleic Acids • “blueprints of life”• Store the information
needed to build proteins• Examples:– DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)– RNA (Ribonucleic acid)
Energy is measured in Calories
Made of Amino Acids
Simple Sugar
(glucose)
Fatty Acids & Glycerol
Calories per gram 4 4 9