lidar expected accuracy presentation

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© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information. Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 1 Expected Accuracies of LiDAR Acquisition September 16, 2009 GIS in the Rockies Presented By: Matt Aschbrenner

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Sanborn LiDAR Accuracy Presentation

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Page 1: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 1

Expected Accuracies of LiDAR Acquisition

September 16, 2009GIS in the Rockies Presented By: Matt Aschbrenner

Page 2: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 2

Presentation OverviewPresentation Overview

• How Do We Collect the Best Data?

• Planning

• Network Survey

• Check Point Survey

• Collection and Flying

• Field Check and Approximate Processing

• LiDAR Data Accuracy

• Q & A Session

Page 3: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 3

How Do We Acquire the Best Data?

• Network and Check Point Surveys are practical tools in helping to reach or surpass expected accuracies.

• Specific factors of local are necessary when planning the most efficient schedule of collection.

• Timely acquisition can be achieved by understanding weather patterns, terrain, and mobilization issues of a job site.

• On location procedures and processes analyze the quality of Raw Data and make certain expected accuracies are achieved.

In LiDAR acquisition, many variables warrant consideration to ensure accurate and high quality LiDAR data.

Page 4: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 4

Planning - CoveragePlanning - Coverage

• With the desired Point Spacing established, a Flight Plan and Flight Lines are the next step to achieving the correct “density” of points in a collection area.

• The two most important factors in planning Flight Lines are overlap and LiDAR sensor settings.

Page 5: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 5

PLANNING - OVERLAPPLANNING - OVERLAP

• 50% Overlap is the preferred amount to ensure that there will be no “gaps” in between two Flight Lines. This amount is optimal in areas of varying terrain.

• This percentage could be higher in mountainous areas.

• Overlap is generally not lower than 30%.

• Below is an example of 40%, In blue is the Flight Line Footprint and in red is the Overlap.

Page 6: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 6

Planning – LiDAR Sensor Settings

Sensor Settings determine point spacing and coverage.

Sensor Settings:

• FOV (Field of View)

• AGL Altitude

• Pulse Rate

• Scan Rate

• Airspeed

• Laser Current (%)

Page 7: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 7

Planning – LiDAR Sensor Settings

Page 8: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 8

• Plan based on– Workable blocks of data– Delivery tiles– Baseline requirements– Flightline distance

limitations– Control locations– Accuracy– Application– Topography

LiDAR Project PlanningWhat you should know?

Planned Flight Lines

Page 9: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 9

Network Survey

Page 10: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 10

Network Survey

• Network Surveys are acquired to correct for error in the GEOID model.

Page 11: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 11

Network Survey –– Establishing Control

• Establish control for entire mapping program prior to collection using a minimum of two HARN Class Horizontal and two Vertical First Order Class II; NGS established Points.

• Perform Fully Constrained Network Adjustment.

• Apply necessary velocity adjustments to reflect

Epoch required.

• Adjustment supports a mapping operation

not a Survey.

• Provide Adjustment to all LiDAR providers

involved in the program prior to processing.

Page 12: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 12

Check Point Survey

Page 13: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 13

Check Point Survey

• One of the best tools to validate LiDAR accuracy is a Check Point Survey.

• A Check Point is a ground reference point that can be checked against LiDAR Data, Vertically and Horizontally.

• The Survey is collected by logging a baseline between two GPS Base Stations. One Base Station is set up at a random location in the project area while the other Base Station is set up at a known Network point.

Page 14: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 14

Check Point Survey

Check Points are set up in various locations dependent on vegetation types and generally dispersed throughout the project area.

Page 15: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 15

Collection and FlyingCollection and Flying

Page 16: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 16

Collection and Flying ONSITE PROJECT PLANNING

• Day or NightSafety considerations.

• Leaf on or Leaf offApplication dependent.

• Weather

• Smoke

• Summer, Spring, Fall, or WinterMost collects are done in the spring and fall.

Summer collects take place for special applications such as Forestry Winter collects based on geographic location.

Page 17: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 17

Collection and Flying - - COLLECTION PRACTICES

• PDOP and KP-index forecasts.

• Static initialization of GPS and IMU.

• Procedural S-Turns prior to collection and calibration.

• Calibration for every mission.

• Line lengths no greater than 20 minutes.

• Fly over remote Base Station prior to flying lines.

Page 18: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 18

Collection and Flying– – PDOP & KP PLANNINGPDOP & KP PLANNING

PDOP and number of satellites. KP-index is a measure of theGeomagnetic activity from theSun on the earth’s atmosphere.

• Need to forecast PDOP and KP-index to ensure accurate data.

• PDOP- Positional Dilution Of Precision

Page 19: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 19

Collection and Flying– – MISSION COLLECTIONMISSION COLLECTION

Calibration

Page 20: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 2020

Separate Sensor Collection VsCheck Point Survey at runway calibration site

Calibration after every installation• Required to make sure the system is operating

correctly.

Calibration every three months• Plane vibration can effect system.

Calibration every mission• Provides necessary information incase of on

foreseen occurrences.

• Fly 2 lines perpendicular to runway at start.

• Fly 1 line perpendicular and one parallel to runway at end.

• Ensure ability to correct for Roll, Pitch, scan angle and other potential bias’.

Collection and Flying – – CALIBRATIONCALIBRATION

Four Runway Calibration Scans

Page 21: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 21

Collection and Flying– PILOT DISPLAY– PILOT DISPLAY

Page 22: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 22

Collection and Flying OTHER PROJECT SITE CONSIDERATIONS

Restricted Flying Areas: • Certain areas may have flight restrictions.

EX: Military, Large Airports, Urban development.

Terrain: • Extra overlap may be necessary in locations with

sharp elevation changes to ensure complete

coverage over mountain peaks and valleys.

Prevailing weather and wind patterns: • Weather may determine the best time of day to collect.

• Flightlines may need to be reoriented due to wind patterns.

Page 23: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 23

Field Check – APPROXIMATE PROCESSING

The goal of the Field Check is to establish the

quality of pre-processed raw data

The three specific components are as follows:

• GPS Processing

• IMU Processing

• Laser Point Processing

Page 24: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 24

Field Check– – GPS PROCESSING

• Greatest source of Error in LiDAR system.

• Static initialization at start.

• Static session at end.

• PDOP less than 3.2.

• Achieve under 10cm combined solution for field check.

• KP index under 4.• Processing is easier.

Page 25: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 25

Field Check– – IMU PROCESSING

IMU – Inertial Measurement Unit

Measures the attitude (roll, Pitch and Yaw) of the aircraft 200 times a second.

• This is the second largest source of error in a LiDAR system.• Process checked using the lever arm offsets.• If under 2cm for X,Y and Z the data is good.

Page 26: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 26

Field Check– – LASER POINTS

There are two methods of checking the quality and coverage of the Laser Points:

• The first method is derived by sub-sampling the points and displaying them over a project boundary. The Trajectory of these points is computed using a SBET (Smoothed, Best Estimated Trajectory).

Page 27: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 27

Field Check– – LASER POINTS, CONT.

The next Method of checking laser point data is the footprint coverage analysis. In this process, the edge of scan for each flight line is computed and used to create Footprint, Overlap, and Gap shapefiles.

Green - Footprint Purple - Overlap

Orange – Gap (unfinished project area)

Page 28: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 28

LiDAR Data Accuracy

•Vertical accuracy required usually 9.24 -18 cm•Horizontal accuracy required usually 50 cm – 1.0m

•Before MPia, ALS-60, and GEMINIVertical accuracy achieved: 5.8 -12 cm Horizontal accuracy achieved: 14 -27 cmAchieved 3.7 centimeters once

•After MPia, ALS-60 and GEMINIVertical accuracy achieved: 3 – 12 cmHorizontal accuracy achieved: 10 – 27 cm

•Data meets accuracy specification

Page 29: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing. 29

LiDAR Data Accuracy – ACCURACY REPORTING– ACCURACY REPORTING

• NSSDA Standard• NMAS Specification• FEMA Specification• ASPRS Specification• RMSE

Page 30: LiDAR Expected Accuracy Presentation

© 2007, The Sanborn Map Company, Inc. Privileged and confidential information.Distribution or copying prohibited unless approved in writing.

Q & A SESSIONQ & A SESSION

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