LIBRARY XPRESS | Issue 54 – JULY 2019

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OPEN SOURCE MOVEMENT

Dr. Vaishali Dawar

HAPPY READING July, 2019

Issue No. 54

Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal’s

NARSEE MONJEE

College of Commerce and Economics

What does society need? It needs

information that is truly available to its citizens —

for example, programs that people can read, fix,

adapt, and improve, not just operate. With this view

of Richard Stallman the open source movement

initiated. Open source, social movement, begun by

computer programmers, that rejects secrecy and

centralized control of creative work in favour of

decentralization, transparency, and unrestricted

(“open”) sharing of information. Source refers to the

human-readable source code of computer programs,

as opposed to the compiled computer programming

language instructions, or object code, that run on

computers but cannot be easily understood or

modified by people. The open source movement is

based on a radical retake on copyright law to create

high quality software whose use and development

are guaranteed to the public.

The Open Source Initiative (OSI) was

instrumental in the formalization of the open-source

movement. The OSI was founded by Eric Raymond

and Bruce Perens in February 1998 with the purpose

of providing general education and advocacy of the

open-source label through the creation of the Open

Source Definition that was based on the Debian Free

Software Guidelines. The OSI has become one of

the main supporters and advocators of the open-

source movement. The open-source movement has

allowed smaller businesses to participate in the

global economy.

To fully understand the Open Source

Definition, one must understand certain terms: Free

redistribution means that there is no restriction on

any party to sell or give away the software to third

parties. Source Code means that the program must

efficiently publicize the means of obtaining the

source code. Derived works means that the program

must allow certain works to be distributed under the

same terms. There must be a promise of no

discriminating against any certain persons or

groups. All of these factors allow for the open-

source movement to become available to all and

easy to access, which is their overall mission. Strengths of Open Source:

A major advantage to open-source code is

the ability for a variety of different people to edit

and fix problems and errors that have occurred.

Naturally, because there are more people who can

edit the material, there are more people who can

help make the information more credible and

reliable. The open-source mission statement

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promises better quality, higher reliability, more

flexibility, lower cost, and an end to predatory

vendor lock-in. The collaborative nature of the open-source

community creates software that can offer

customizability and, as a result, promotes the

adoption of its products.

The open-source community promotes the

creation of software that is not proprietary,

resulting in lower costs.

Individuals who have intrinsic interest in code

writing and software creation motivate the

development of open-source software within

the community. This differs from proprietary

software, the development of which is often

motivated through potential monetary gains.

An open-source tool puts the system

administrator in control of the level of risk

assumed in deploying the tool.

Open source provides flexibility not available

in closed products. The hope is that individuals

make improvements to an open tool and will

offer those improvements to the original

developer and community at large. The give-

and-take of the gift economy benefits the entire

community.

Open-source licenses and software can be

combined with proprietary software. While

open source was initially seen as a threat to

corporations, some companies found ways to

strengthen their proprietary code with open-

source code, re-releasing it as an improvement.

In the event of market failure, programmers and

innovators work together to make sure that the

software still works.

Globalization of Market.

Drawbacks of Open Source:

The structure of the open-source community

requires that individuals have programming

expertise in order to engage in open-code

modification and exchange. Individuals

interested in supporting the open-source

movement may lack this skill set, but there are

many other ways of contributing.

The structure of the open-source community is

one that involves contributions of multiple

developers and programmers; software

produced in this fashion may lack

standardization and compatibility with various

computer applications and capabilities.

Production can be very limited. Programmers

that create open-source software often can turn

their attention elsewhere very quickly. This

opens the door for many bug-filled programs

and applications out there. Because no one is

paid to create it, many projects are never

completed.

There is no guarantee that further development

will happen. There is no guarantee of updates.

It is sometimes difficult to know that a project

exists, and its current status. Especially for

open-source projects without significant

support, there is not much advertising involved

in open-source software.

The amount of support for an open-source

project varies highly. The available support for

open-source software is predominantly self-

motivated discussions found on the Internet,

sometimes moderated by a core group of

contributors. The amount of documentation or

guides for an open-source project also varies

highly. However, as open-source projects are

regularly changing, documentation can easily

fall out of date.

One of the most obvious drawback is that

without pay or royalty licensing, there is little

financial incentive for a programmer to become

involved with a project in the first place, or to

continue development and support once the

initial product is released.

Organizations with enterprise agreements still

pay licensing agreements even if they choose to

run alternative open-source software.

Open source databases are database systems

whose source code is open source. An open source

database could be relational (SQL) or non-

relational (NoSQL). There are two forces at work

in the database market today: the need for new

applications and the need to lower costs. The need

to lower costs doesn’t seem like anything new, but

the need for new apps is driving the need to lower

costs. Open Journal Systems (OJS) is an open-

source software for the management of peer-

reviewed academic journals, and is created by the

Public Knowledge Project, released under the GNU

General Public License.

LIBRARY XPRESS | Issue 54 – JULY 2019

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Case Study Database – Emerald Emerging Market Case studies

Last few days in old Library

E-Journals Databases - https://ezproxy.svkm.ac.in/login

LIBRARY XPRESS | Issue 54 – JULY 2019

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LIBRARY NEWSLINE

VACHAN PREENA

DIVAS

LIBRARY NEWSLINE

By Jeffrey A. Trachtenberg. Updated July 25, 2019 5:02 pm ET

One of the country’s largest book publishers is changing the way it sells e-books to libraries, whose increasingly popular digital-book borrowing apps are taking a toll on its sales. Macmillan, whose recent hits include Michael Wolff’s “Fire and Fury” and James Comey’s “A Higher Loyalty,” plans to limit each library system’s access to only one digital copy of each new book it publishes in the first eight weeks of the book’s release. The move comes as borrowing e-books from local libraries has become easier than ever and as other leading publishers have adjusted their terms.

“Library reads are currently 45% of our total digital book reads in the U.S. and growing,” Macmillan Chief Executive John Sargent said in an interview. “They are cannibalizing our digital sales.” Macmillan’s new policy will take effect on Nov. 1, said Mr. Sargent. After a book has been out for eight weeks, libraries will be able to buy as many additional digital copies as they want. Macmillan said the delay, known in publishing circles as “windowing,” is intended to boost the sale of new books, both digital and hardcover.

Demand for new titles is typically the greatest upon publication, when books and their authors get the most media attention. Macmillan is betting that many consumers will be frustrated at the long waiting periods that are likely to develop if libraries have only one digital copy and will instead buy the books they want to read at retailers like Amazon.com Inc., Barnes & Noble Inc. or independent bookstores. In recent years, digital-lending platforms at American libraries have gone from clunky to virtually seamless. Many launched their own smartphone apps, making it easier for readers to find and download e-books free.

There are more than 9,000 public library systems in the U.S., according to a 2017 report compiled by the Institute of Museum and Library Services, a federal agency. Of these, more than 8,000 offer e-books. Macmillan will continue to sell its e-books to libraries for a two-year period, or 52 lends for $60 per book copy. One copy of each title will be sold on a perpetual-use basis for $30.

Mr. Sargent said the publisher’s e-book revenue has been relatively flat in recent years, although e-book revenue as a percentage of total revenue has fallen. Libraries generate only 15% of Macmillan’s total annual e-book revenue. Macmillan is paid between $9 and $10.50 for most of its new e-books sold on retail websites, significantly more than it generates from libraries each time one of its digital books is checked out—or as little as $1.15 per read for a title checked out 52 times.

Penguin Random House declined to disclose how much it charges.

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The Crane and The Wolf

Once a wolf was lucky to get hold of a nice dinner.

He sat in his place and started to eat. He did not want to share his food with

anyone else. He was eating so hurriedly that a small piece of bone got stuck in his throat.

He gurgled hard. He tried to swallow. He tried to spit it out. But nothing worked out. The bone won't move. He got afraid.

"If I can't take the bone out, I can't eat. I will die of hunger", he thought sadly.

Suddenly he remembered the crane who lived nearby. He thought, "The

crane has a long neck. She can reach and take out the bone". So off he went to the crane and said, "Please take out the bone from my neck. I will

pay good". The crane took out the bone and asked for her fees.

The wolf replied "Aren't you happy that you put your head into my mouth

and got it out safely? Forget the fees."

MORAL : Good for the evil are fast forgotten.

NEW ARRIVALS

LIBRARY XPRESS | Issue 54 – JULY 2019

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NCPA LIBRARY

National Centre for the Performing Arts

NCPA Marg, Nariman Point Mumbai 400 021. India

Main switchboard line +91 -22-6622 3737

Timings: 10:00 AM to 6.00 PM.

Exclusive collection of books on fine and performing arts. This library has an

extensive collection of books on music, dance, film, painting, sculpture, architecture,

photography, television, fashion and even magic, dealing with theoretical as well as

practical aspects of these subjects. They have treatises on Indian music published

before 1900, autobiographies and biographies of almost every important Western

classical music singer from the 18th century up to the present and when you want a

break from the reading you can choose from over 5,000 records covering all genres

of music. The library also covered Film, Painting, Sculpture, Architecture,

Photography, Television, Fashion and even Magic, dealing with theoretical as well

as practical aspects of these subjects. The library has a strong periodicals section on

Indian Arts: we subscribe to 24 publications dealing with subjects across the range

of arts. Articles on Dance, Music, Theatre, Film and TV are indexed and form an

important part of the NCPA's research resource. It is open between 10am and 6pm

from Monday-Friday.

LIBRARY XPRESS | Issue 54 – JULY 2019

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Student’s name Suggestion Action taken

Darshabh Goar

TYBCom.

B013

1. Quantitative

Strategy Guide Set

– 6th Ed.

2. Verbal Strategy

Guide Set -6th ed.

Set of five books purchased with approval

from Library Committee as the total cost

was approx Rs. 9000/-.

Set of three books purchased with

approval from Library Committee as the

total cost was approx Rs. 6000/-.

Shalini Govind

TYBCom.

G073

Siva Chhatrapati

(English)

Order sent to book vendor

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