library network and consortia in india special …
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LIBRARY NETWORK AND CONSORTIA IN INDIA SPECIAL
REFRENCE TO SHEKHAWATI AREA IN RAJASTHAN
Dr. Kumkum Rajawat Mrs. Nitu Gujran
Research Guide Research Scholar
Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur Maharaj Vinayak Global University, Jaipur
ABSTRACT
When all-out efforts are being made to put India on the track of digital India, digitalization of
libraries is of paramount importance to keep abreast of the fast developing information
technology. Consortia is a kind of cooperation among libraries which come together to share
e-resources. Due to limited budget and rising the cost of e –resources library consortia are the
alternative source to tide over the financial constraints. This paper aims to explore the concept,
advantages, disadvantages, and overview of different types of consortia like UGC-INFONET,
FORSA, NLIST, CSIR, INDEST, HELINET, ERMED, DeLCON etc .and discusses them
briefly.
1. INTRODUCTION
Today’s world belongs to Information Communication Technology (ICT), without specific,
authentic and fast information retrieval; libraries can’t satisfy its clients. A consortium is such
hub of information which provides elaborated and updated electronics information to related
subjects. Using consortia easy to share electronic contents and enhance resource sharing system
and also improve others additional services in libraries, like Current awareness service (CAS),
Selective dissemination of information (SDI), indexing and abstracting services. Consortium
helps to associated libraries for achieving specific goals and builds better communication to
each-other. Consortium is Latin word which means Partnership, Cooperative Relationship
between Institutions and Organizations.
“Word Consortia comes from word ‘Consors’ which means (con- together) and (Sors - fate)”.
According to Collins Co-build Advanced Learning English Dictionary, (2006) “A consortium
is a group of people or firms who have agreed to co-operate with each other”[2] According to
Webster’s Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language, (1989) “A combination of financial
institutions, capitalists, etc., for carrying into effect some financial operation requiring large
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resources of capital. Especially in the field of Library, Consortia are very important tool and
source of information to help the growing research activities in related field. Consortia have
very important e-content association to help developing and create Digital Library, and provide
e-services for its clients.
The management and networking of library consortia based on e-content is more efficient than
print material on different parameters i.e. time efficiency in access, cost-efficiency,
consistency, durability, multi-user access and authorization etc.
2. Library Consortium
Library consortium is an information inter-change association formed by libraries for co-
operatives, networks, alignment, coalition, concomitant or partnership. Consortium can be
national, international, regional or inter-institutional level. Library consortia provide a
connection of common goals of libraries for the help of its client needs. In consortium, group
libraries can easily exchange their resources to other group’s libraries and use other library
resource to help its institutions client requirements. In library consortium, library’s members
share different types of resources i.e. e-content (e-books, e-journals, and other e-media),
catalogue, OPAC (Online Public Access Catalogue), and other library services. Library
consortium covers much larger ground than a simple inter-library loan agreement. There are
various definitions of library consortium as follows: According to Harrod’s librarians’ glossary
10th ed. “Resource sharing organizations formed by libraries; also termed co-operatives,
network, collectives, alliances, or partnership. Services covered may vary, but often comprise
co-operative collection development, education and training, preservation, centralized services,
systems support, consultation, and administrative support need for cataloguing, inter-library
lending, union listing, retrospective conversion, and co-operative purchasing. According to
ANE’s encyclopaedic dictionary of library and information science, “An association of
independent libraries or library systems established by formal agreement usually for the
purpose of resource sharing, Membership may be restricted to a specific geographic region,
type of library (public, academic and special), or subject specialization.
3. NETWORK DEVOLOPMENT IN INDIA
Some factors those are responsible for the development of library and information networks in
India are:
• The report of the working group of the planning commission on modernization of library
services and informatics for the seventh five year plan, 1985-90
• The National Policy on Library& Information systems document (1986) accepted by the
ministry of HRD, Government of India.
• The report on national policy on university libraries prepared by the Association of Indian
Universities (1987)
• The UGC report on information systems for science and technology under the Department of
Science & Industrial Research (DSIR) Government of India has been vigorously
promoting an integrated approach to library automation and networking.
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4. LIMITATIONS IN NETWORK DEVOLOPMENT
A network may fail in the early stages if there is not proper planning or if adequate funds are
not available. Moreover, a common memorandum of agreement signed by the participating
libraries at the institutional level is essential for the success of a network venture. On a more
practical level, catalogue data must be in a standard, machine readable form for it to be shared
and exchanged. And, finally, a continuous flow of external assistance is crucial
for the network’s survival. Following the launching of DELNET and CALIBNET,
the library automation and networking movement in India is surely catching on. The
objectives, which are:
• Better utilization of funds through sharing of resources by creation of commonly usable data-
bases and communication between libraries.
• Automating the functions of individual libraries at a local level for effective and efficient
services to the users.
A number of benefits are being offered to member libraries of the particular networks. First,
one gets access to a very large volume of literature without increase in the library budget
because of the sharing of resources among the members. Secondly, the library budget can now
be diverted to acquire the most important (even if expensive) information required by an
institution, the other peripheral information being available on the network. Third, one gets
near real time access to about 1000 international databases apart from the electronic mail and
remote log in facilities.
There are plans of these networks to connect and share the resources in the near future.
Nevertheless, the growth of these networks is slow. It is taking a long time to create and
provide bibliographic databases of recognizable size, e.g., DELNET took already ten years
increasing bibliographic databases of reasonably good size. Without the databases neither
could networks be made effective to achieve the goals nor could resource sharing be effective.
Finally it appears that prospects are quite favourable for development of networks for better
information services and resource sharing in India. In this direction lot of work has to be done.
Some of the problems faced by other developing countries are common to India too, including
financial constraints, inadequate communication, non-availability of equipment’s, less
awareness of the value of information, reluctance to development and non-coordination of
various kind of activities, resource building, resource sharing and exchange of information and
ideas, non-standardization operational procedure, lack of dedication, motivation and
knowledge on the part of available manpower.
5. GENERAL NETWORKS IN INDIA
NICNET (www.mylibnet.org): National Information Centre Network
Sponsored by Planning Commission, Govt. of India.
Membership: Four national and regional nodes, 32 state and union territory nodes; seventy
cities and towns.
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Services: Bulk file transfer; teleconferencing; full text and bibliographic retrieval services.
Application: ICMRNIC Centre; MEDLARS in India; Chemical Abstracts database.
INDONET: INDONET data Network
Sponsored by CMC Ltd (1986) = Informatics India Ltd (1989)
Membership: Commercial computer network
Services: Database services such as DIALOG, COMPUSERVE; IP; SHARP
Applications: ACME; file transfer; international gateway
I – NET (VIKRAM): I – NET
Sponsored by Dept. of Telecommunications, Govt. of India
Connectivity: Packet-switched public data network covering nine cities
Services: Information exchange through e-mail / FTP; Bibliographic databases.
6. CONSORTIA INITIATIVES IN INDIA
Some of consortia available in India are:
UGC-INFONET: The UGC INFONET digital library consortium was formally launched in
December, 2003. By honourable A.P.J Abdul Kalam, the President of India. The consortium
provides current as well as archival access to more than10500+ core and peer reviewed
journals. The consortium has also launched “Associate Membership programme” wherein
private universities and other research organizations are welcomed to join the consortium. As
of 2017,230 universities, 3000+colleges and 94 technology institutions are accessing resources
from the programme. More than 15000 e-journals and 3135000+e-books, 40 resources and 16
databases are available now.
N-LIST (National library and information services infrastructure for scholarly content): N-
LIST is jointly executed by the UGC-INFONET digital library consortium INFLIBNET centre
and the INDEST-AICTE consortium, IIT Delhi. N-LIST project provides access to e-resources
for students, researchers and faculty from colleges. In September, 2017 3016 govt/ govt aided
colleges and 1668 science colleges are accessing resources through N-LIST. More than 6000+
e-journals and 97,000 + e-books are available now.
INDEST-AICTE CONSORTIUM: Indian national digital library in engineering science $
technology is an initiative by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) It was set
up in 2003 by an expert group appointed by the ministry under the chairmanship of Prof.. N.
Balakrishan. The INDEST-AICTE consortium has three types of members Core members
supported by MHRD, AICTE supported members (94) and self-supported members. The total
number of members in this consortium is now 1235.It provides access to selected electronic
journals and database to technical institutions including IIT and IISc, NITs, ISM, SLIET and
NERIST , IISERs and new IITs ,IIMs and IIT,IIITM and NITIE(8).
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CSIR E-JOURNAL CONSORTIUM: The council of Scientific and Industrial Research was
established in 1942 and is India’s largest research and development (R&D) organization. CSIR
has a dynamic network of 38 national laboratories and three innovation complexes. SIR works
in the areas of engineering, biological, chemical, physics, environmental and information
science. The consortium started working in the year 2002 with the Elsevier science. Today
NKRC facilitates access to 5000+ e journals of all major publishers, patents, standards, citation
and bibliographic database. The consortium envisions emerging as a leader to serve the R&D
sector with much needed information to strengthen the research and development system in the
country.
FORSA CONSORTIUM: Forsa stands for Resource sharing in Astronomy and Astrophysics
which was established in July 29, 1981 at Raman Research Institute, Bangalore. At present
ARIES Bose institute, CASA-OU, HRI, IIA, IUCAA, NCRA (TIFR), PRL and SINP are the
institute members of FORSA. FORSA has become a member of ICOLC which has over 160
participants from across the world. In 2004, this group extended its membership to physics and
mathematics libraries in the country.
CeRA CONSORTIUM: CeRA consortium for e resources in agriculture was established in
November 2007 to facilitate accessibility of scientific journals to all researchers / teachers in
the national agricultural research system by providing access to info. Specially access to online
journals which is crucial to attain excellence in research &teaching.
ERMED CONSORTIUM: An electronic resource in medicine consortium is an initiative taken
by DGHS & MOHFW. Started in 2008, it has 70 state and centrally funded government
institutions (including AIMS) selected from 24 states as it members at present. It also
subscribes to 1500 current periodicals. It accesses 242 high quality on line e-journals from five
leading publishers.
HELNET CONSORTIUM: Health Science Library and Information Network was started by
Rajiv Gandhi University of health science in the state of Karnataka in 2002. RGHUS has access
to more than 7000+ online bibliographic database of PG dissertations, 6500 digitized UG and
PG courses.
DELCON CONSORTIUM: DBT e-library consortium (Delcon) has been operational since
January 2009. Delcon currently includes 16 DBT institutions including ICGEB, NER
institutions, BIRAC etc. 1171 journals and a database named SCOPUS are covered under
Delcon.
7. SPECIALIZED NETWORKS IN INDIA
METROPOLITAN NETWORKS
CALIBNET: Calcutta Libraries Network
Sponsored by NISSAT – Govt. of India
Applications: Cataloguing; serials control; acquisitions; circulation
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Services: CAS; SDI; union catalogue; partial database; editing and retrieval of records;
Global information; search; full-text document delivery; library automation; CALIBNET
INFO Services
BONET: Bombay Library Network
Sponsored by NISSAT & NCST (1994)
Objective: To promote cooperation among libraries in Bombay
Services: online catalogue; online document delivery; IRS; interlibrary loan; dissemination of
information
DELNET : Developing Library Network
Sponsored by NISSAT & NIC (1988)
Objective: To promote resource sharing; develop a network of libraries; collect, store,
disseminate information
Members: 165 Institutions, 600 Libraries, 15 States in India, 5 from outside India
Services: resource sharing; free Software; ICE online facility; books database; thesis
Database; Indian specialists; database.
ADINET : Ahmadabad Library Network
Sponsored by NISSAT, DSIR (1994) & INFLIBNET
Objective: To bring cooperation among its regional libraries; to develop databases; to
Integrate scientific and technical information systems
Members: nine libraries
Services: library automation; library holdings; database in progress.
MYLIBNET :Mysore Library Network
Sponsored by NISSAT (1994)
Objective: Developing software tools; conducting seminar; workshops/training programs;
conduct surveys
Host Site: CFTRI, Mysore
Members: 116 Institutions
Services: MYLIB Database; E-journals; food patents; CFTRI Library Bulletin; public services.
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COUNTRYWIDE AREA NETWORK:
DESINET: Defence Science Information Network
Sponsored by DESIDOC, Delhi
Activity: Focus on scientific, research and defence communities.
ERNET: Educational and Research Network
Sponsored by Dept. of Electronics, Govt. of India; UNESCO (Financial assistance from
UNDP)
Members: eight institutions (5 IITs, IISc., National Centre for Software Technology – Bombay,
CCI wing of Dept. of Electronics)
Services: Communication services such as e-mail, file transfer, remote log on, database access,
bulletin board, etc.,
SIRNET: Scientific and Industrial Research Network
Sponsored by CSIR (Commissioned Agency- NCST, Bombay)
Members: 40 labs and R&D Institutions
Applications: scientific communication; leather technology; natural products; food technology;
medicinal Plants
VIDYANET: VIDYANET (Dedicated Communication Computer Net)
Sponsored by TATA Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay
Objectives: To provide rapid means of communications by linking computers at various
institutions in India to similar networks outside the country; to stimulate corporate research,
the day-to-day exchange of research information and the execution of joint projects and
publications
Services: File transfer facility; sharing of computer resources and access to remote applications,
databases, libraries, etc.
BTISNET : BTISNET (Specialized Information Network)
Sponsored by Dept. Of Biotechnology, Govt. of India.
Connectivity: 10 Specialized Information Centres in genetic engineering, plant tissue.
Culture; photosynthesis and plant molecular biology; cell transformation; bioprocess
engineering.
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Services: Data processing using applications software; online communication access; facsimile
facility.
INFLIBNET: Information Library Network Sponsored by UGC (1991)
Connectivity: computer communication network of universities and R&D; libraries and
bibliographic information centres throughout the country.
Members: 200 Universities; 400 College libraries; 200 R&D libraries
Services: catalogue service; database Services; document supply services; e-mail; BBS: Audio
and video conferencing, etc.
BALNET: Bangalore Library Network
Sponsored by JRD; Tata Memorial Library (1995)
Members: 100 Libraries
MALIBNET: Madras Library Network
Sponsored by INSDOC & NISSAT (1993)
Members: 15 Libraries
Activity: Two important databases, a directory database of current serials in Madras and a
contents database covering articles published in 300 journals available in Madras libraries.
During the recent period, quite a large number of libraries and information centres are
forming networks. The advent of computer networking as an accepted part of the library and
information infrastructure has had a very significant impact on how library and information
systems are perceived. India is thus on the threshold to a new era of computer communication
networks both for general purposes and for library and information purposes.
8. MEMBER OF LIBRARY CONSORTIA IN ENGINEERING COLLEGE LIBRARY
OF SHEKHAWATI AREA IN RAJASTHAN
S.No. Name of the
Engineering College
Responses
1. CSIR, CEERI CSIR consortia
2. SET, Laxmangarh IIT consortia
INFLIBNET consortia
INDEST consortia
3. BIET, Sikar ---
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4. SEC, Sikar ---
5. PITS, Sikar ---
6. BKBIET, Pilani ---
7. JJTU, Chudela INFLIBNET consortia
8. BITS, Pilani CSIR consortia
All the librarians were asked whether their library is a member of any consortium it consortia
indest consortia then the responses we received were very less CSIR-CEERI responded CSIR
consortia School of Engineering & Technology, Laxmangarh responds IIT consortia, Inflibnet
consortia, INDEST consortia and Institute of Engineering JJTU Chudela responded Inflibnet
consortia
Created Opac In Engineering College Library of Shekhawati Area In Rajasthan
Figure: Created OPAC in Engineering College Library
S.No. OPTION NO.OF USERS %
01 Yes 335 -
02 No 42 -
Total 377 100%
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Out of 377 responses-:
When the college faculty and students were asked whether they have created OPAC, 88.9%
responded no, 11.1% responded yes.
LIBRARY NETWORK USED IN ENGINEERING COLLEGE LIBRARY OF
SHEKHAWATI AREA IN RAJASTHAN
S.No. Name of the Engineering College Responses
1. CSIR, CEERI ----
2. SET, Laxmangarh DELNET
3. BIET, Sikar DELNET
4. SEC, Sikar DELNET
5. PITS, Sikar ----
6. BKBIET, Pilani ----
7. JJTU, Chudela DELNET
8. BITS, Pilani DELNET
All the librarians were asked whether their library is a member of any library network
or not then we received few responses and the most common response was Delnet.
Library is a member of the library network
S.No. OPTION NO.OF USERS %
01. Inflibnet 08 9.9%
02. Calibne 03 3.7%
03. Delnet 29 35.8%
04. bonet 09 11.1%
05. Adinet 08 9.9%
06. punenet 04 4.9%
07. Don 05 6.2%
08. None of the above 16 19.8%
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Figure: Library is a member of the library network
Out of 82 responses -;
9.9% responded Inflibnet, 3.7% responded Calibnet, 35.8% responded Delnet, 11.1%
responded bonet, 9.9% responded Adinet, 4.9% responded punenet, 6.2% responded Don, and
19.8% responded none of the above.
Services of Delnet and any other Library networks used in Engineering College Library
of Shekhawati Area in Rajasthan
S.No. Name of the Engineering College Responses
1. CSIR, CEERI No
2. SET, Laxmangarh Yes
3. BIET, Sikar Yes
4. SEC, Sikar Yes
5. PITS, Sikar Yes
6. BKBIET, Pilani No
7. JJTU, Chudela Yes
8. BITS, Pilani No
All the college librarians were asked whether they are availing services of DELNET or
any other library networks, 3 out of 8 answered No and rest responded Yes that means most of
the libraries are availing services of DELNET or any other library networks.
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Library is member of library consortia: SHEKHAWATI AREA IN RAJASTHAN
Figure: Library is member of library consortia: Shekhawati Area in Rajasthan
Out of 121 responses -:
44.6% responded IIT consortia, 3.35% responded CSIR consortia, 5.8% responded Inflibnet
consortia, 6.6% responded INDEST consortia, 39.7% responded none of the above.
SERVICES OF ANY OTHER LIBRARY NETWORKS USED IN ENGINEERING
COLLEGE LIBRARY OF SHEKHAWATI AREA IN RAJASTHAN. Networking:
Novell, Window NT, UNIX, LINEX:
S.No. OPTION NO.OF USERS %
01. IIT consortia 54 44.6%
02. CSIR consortia 04 3.3%
03. Inflibnet consortia 07 5.8%
04. INDEST consortia 08 6.6%
05. None of above 48 39.7%
S.No.
OPTION NO.OF USERS %
01 Window NT 01 7.1%
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Figure: Networking: Novell, Window NT, UNIX, LINEX:
Out of 14 responses:-
7.1% use Windows NT.
21.4% use LINEX.
7.1% use Linux.
7.1% use UNIX.
21.4% use Windows.
9. LIBRARY CONSORTIA IN INDIA
Informatics India with initiation from three different educational institutes has successfully
developed three consortium models. These are SNDT University consortia of Library and
Information Science Abstracts (LISA) with other six universities, Secondly Forum for
Resource Sharing in Astronomy and Astrophysics [FORSA] consortia of Kluwer E-journal
consortia program with five institutes and finally IIMs consortia of 33 Kluwer journals in
management sciences
02 LINEX 03 21.4%
03 Linex 01 7.1%
04 UNIX 04 28.6%
05 Window NT 01 7.1%
06 Widow NT 01 7.1%
07 Windows 03 21.4%
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The “Indian National Digital Library in Engineering Sciences and Technology
(INDEST) Consortium” was set-up in 2003 by the Ministry of Human Resource Development
(MHRD) on the recommendation of an Expert Group appointed by the Ministry under the
chairmanship of Prof. N. Balakrishnan, IISc, Bangalore. 45 centrally-funded Government
institutions including IITs, IISc Bangalore, NITs and few other institutions are core members
of the INDEST Consortium. The Ministry provides funds required for providing access to
electronic resources to the core members through the consortium headquarters set-up at the IIT
Delhi.
The INDEST Consortium is the most ambitious initiative taken so far in the country.
The benefit of consortia-based subscription to electronic resources is not confined to 38 major
technological institutions in the country but also extended to all educational institutions under
its open-ended proposition. 60 Govt. / Govt.-aided engineering colleges are provided access to
selected electronic resources with financial support from the AICTE. More than 775
engineering colleges and institutions have already joined the consortium under its “self-
supported” category. The INDEST Consortium is a member of the International Coalition of
Library Consortia (ICOLC).
The total number of members in the Consortium has grown to 820. The INDEST
Consortium, based onthe sheer strength of the number of institutions has attracted the best
possible price and terms of the agreement from the publishers. The Consortium subscribes to
over 20,731 electronic journals from several publishers and aggregators. The INDEST Web
Site hosts a search and browses interface to locate these journals and their URLs.
How does consortium operate?
The Consortium operates through its headquarters set-up at the IIT Delhi under the National
Steering Committee consisting of members from amongst beneficiary institutions under the
Chairmanship of Director, IIT Delhi with Chairman, AICTE as its co-chair. A National Review
Committee has also been set-up under the Chairmanship of Shri Ravi Mathur, Joint Secretary
(Technical Education) with overall responsibility for making policies, monitoring the progress
and coordinating with UGC and AICTE for promoting the activities of the INDEST
Consortium.
The Consortium Headquarters manages subscription to electronic resources for 38
centrally-funded institutions and 60 Government / Government-aided institutions through
funding are provided by the MHRD and AICTE respectively. The Consortium, being an open-
ended proposition, welcomes other educational institutions in the country to join and obtain
maximum benefits it offers through highly discounted subscription rates and better terms of
agreement with the publishers. Join the Consortium to be a member of its expanding family
and get the benefit equitably available to all its members.
Subscription rates of electronic resources offered through the INDEST Consortium are
given on page 16. Educational institutions may select one or more electronic resources that
they wish to subscribe through the Consortium. All electronic resources being subscribed are
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available from the publisher’s Website. Local hosting of resources is being considered for a
few selected resources.
10. MERITS OF CONSORTIA
The Consortium offers the best possible price advantage ranging from 22% to 92% (Average
> 80% +) through its pricing agreements with publishers as well as terms of agreement for
various electronic resources. Moreover, the consortium also provides technical help and
arranges for in-house training for optimal use of subscribed e-resources.
It will also be an endeavor of the consortium to identify other electronic resources of relevance
to educational institutions and enable their access at best possible subscription prices and
license terms. The consortium will constantly be monitoring international developments in this
area and liaise with agencies like ICOLC to bring the best possible consortium-based solutions
to its members.
11. PROCEDURE TO JOIN
Fill in the Application Form given at the end of this brochure. Select the resources of your
choice. Pick up the Prorated rates as applicable. Send the form duly filled in along with the
demand draft in favor of “Registrar, IIT Delhi”. Mail the form along with draft to the Acting
Coordinator.
ABI / Inform is a world-renowned database of full-text journals on the business,
economy, and management providing comprehensive coverage on various micro as well as
macroeconomic aspects of various economies of the world. It covers nearly 4,000 journals in
business, management and social sciences with around 3,000 of them in full-text and remaining
1,000 at the abstract level with coverage dating back to 1923. Among new sources added to
ABI Inform includes EIU Newswire, Going Global Career Guides, 14,000 Dissertations.
Publications from world-famous publishers like Sage, Kluwer, Macmillan, Oxford University
Press, Wiley, Emerald, MIT Sloan, Springer, Blackwell, Taylor & Francis, etc.
12. CONCLUSION
Consortium provides physical and electronic delivery of library study materials. Consortium
covers much larger ground than the simple Inter Library Loan (ILL) agreement. Consortium is
important source for libraries and really helping the specific research activities by providing
relevant information with fast retrieval services for clients as well as save the time under limited
budget. Consortium is effective tools of to access latest information and archival backup or
perpetual access to e-resources. After review different library consortium system activities and
digital library tools following characteristic are desired in standard consortium e.g. that should
be time efficient, budget friendly, ability of remote accessibility, and simple search based
strategy systems.
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Librarianship. 25(2)(1999) pp. 124-126
7. Chartron .G, Electronic resource and documentary Consortia –a survey of French
Scientific institutions Journal of Librarianship and Information Science. 33(2) (2001)
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8. Burke R, Library consortia and the future of academic libraries (2010) Available at:
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11. Oxford Advanced Learners English Dictionary P.250.
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13. Sharing of E-journals through Consortia in Indian Libraries, Bangalore. November, 28-
29.(2002) P.23-35.
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