liberalism - iehei students 2010-2011
TRANSCRIPT
Introduction to Liberal Internationalism and Democratic Peace Proposition
International Relations14 October 2010
Nice FRANCE
Yasmin Capitaine
Emilio Romero García
LIBERALISM
Liberalism
Dichotomy in class: realism and liberalism Authors Main points:
Liberal internationalism Democratic peace proposition Discussion: for or against?
Conclusions
Dichotomy: liberalism
Definition of realism: practical appliance
Definition of liberalism: follow the utopia
Is it better to follow ideals?
Definition of realism: practical appliance
Authors Fukuyama Doyle Kant Rousseau Cobden Schumpeter Howard
Paine Russett Rawls Mueller Ricardo Mill Angell
XVIII and XIX: ”Liberals proposing preconditions for a peaceful world order (…) for the elimination of war.” (in the class copies)
Liberal internationalismOrigins
Democracy Free trade Collective security
Liberal preconditions
DEMOCRACY War is not of human nature Warrior class invented war Ideals like individual rights, freedom of speech,
liberty... conform the liberal state Snowball effect of liberal states
Liberal preconditions
FREE TRADE Trade creates necessities, that join all actors in
the (international) transactions Without commerce societies miss the facilities
obtained Trade promotes peace
Liberal preconditions
COLLECTIVE SECURITY Requieres a degree of mutual confidence
Liberal preconditions
Further in this chapter...
The economic dimension
Polanyi's critique: material selfgain, laissezfaire, economics split from politics*
Free trade imperialism: another way to exploit
Liberalism and Globalisation
New phase of capitalism or a world less open and globalised?
The nature of free trade
Sovereignty and foreign investment
Liberalism
Let's assume democracies rarely make war Dyads of democracies Individual states
...criticised by Small and Singer
Process of democratization Conflict in the short term and peace in the long term
LiberalismDemocratic Peace Proposition
Theories of the Dyadic Democratic Peace Cultural explanations Explanation by structure
Two levels of decision making: National and international (Bueno de Mesquita and Lalman, 1992)
...possible only with transparency
Historical satisfaction with international status quo
LiberalismDemocratic Peace Proposition
Elaborations of the DPP: Democracies join democracies (Mousseau) Autocracies do with autocracies (Werner and
Lemke) Covert intervention: Nicaragua
Democracies are more likely to settle disputes peacefully and less likely to initiate them
LiberalismDemocratic Peace Proposition
Why do Democracies win the wars they fight?
Because of the citizens' participation in the democratic process (Russet, 1993)
Because they choose only wars they are likely to win (Reiter and Stam, 1998)
The longer it lasts, the less likely they are to triumph
LiberalismDemocratic Peace Proposition
Are Democracies more likely to use force for domestic political advantage?
No evidence to support this
LiberalismDemocratic Peace Proposition
Civil wars do not arise so often in Democracies
LiberalismDemocratic Peace Proposition
NOW, CURRENTLY
Liberalism
Democracies are more peaceful because it would be at the expense of those who would fight it (Kant, Perpetual Peace)
European states are interdependent – war isn't of economic interest (Angell, The Great Illusion)
LiberalismNew international arena
According to Liberalism statements, trade units countries.
Some institutions promoting free trade are: International Monetary Fund World Trade Organisation (3 official languages, FR, EN,
ES) United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (6
official languages, FR, EN, ES, Russian, Arabic and Chinese)
LiberalismNew international arena
List of main international banking institutionsEuropean Central Bank www.ecb.eu
African Development Bank www.afdb.org
Asian Development Bank www.adb.org
Bank for International Settlements www.bis.org
Bank of World Residence Program www.bwrp.org
Caribbean Development Bank www.caribank.org
Islamic Development Bank www.isdb.org
World Bank www.worldbankgroup.org
LiberalismNew international arena
For security issues, NATO has an important role in maintaining and promoting peace
Countries outside NATO are starting up new military organisations Asia Pacific Forum plays a role for Human Rights
Promotion Asian Pacific ”NATO” is being discussed
LiberalismNew international arena
Russia and China (Brazil and India also) should be incorporated into intergovernmental organisations that create interdependence
The process of incorporation is currently taking place
The interdependence will bring about peace
LiberalismNew international arena
Moral imperative: there is a dictate of reasonNot following the moral law is self defeating and thus contrary to reason.
Immanuel Kant
LiberalismNew international arena