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3) L. Dupree, Afghanistan, 1980, p. 499.3*) Ibid. p. 691.

4).V.-V\

5) Mohammad Enam Wak: "Afghanistan: Afghan Na-

tionalism and Islamic Fundamentalism" : Wak Foundation

for Afghanistan, Peshawar, 1999, p. 22..4\L

\.o.4L..4I .J 4 (A

Beverley Male (1982): Revolutionary Afghanistan,

Croom Helm Ltd, 2-10 St John's Road, London SW 11,

p.107.

See Anwar-ul- Haq Ahady, "Afghanistan: State

Breakdown", in Jack Goldstone, Ted Robert, and Farrokh

Moshiri (eds), Revolutions of late 20th century. (Boulder:

Westview Press, 1991), pp. 162-193.

Kakar, 1979, See Anwar-ul- Haq Ahady,

"Afghanistan: State Breakdown", op.cit.

12-17) See Anwar-ul- Haq Ahady, "Afghanistan: State

Breakdown", op.cit.

18) Gupta, 1986, Ibid.

0.

Beverly Male, p.110, op. cit

Glukhoded, 1978, See Anwar-ul- Haq Ahady,

"Afghanistan: State Breakdown", op.cit.

Mukherjee, 1978, Ibid.

Beverley Male, p.1 11, op. cit.

23)Ibid,p. 112.

Mukherjee, Glukhoded, See Anwar-ul- Haq

Ahady, "Afghanistan: State Breakdown", op.cit.

Halliday, 1988, Ibid.

Shahrani, 1984, Ibid.

See Anwat-ul- Haq Ahady, "Afghanistan: State

Breakdown", op.cit.

\V- r

30) See Anwar-ul Haq Ahady, The Decline of Islamic

Fundamentalism Journal of Asian Studies, XX VII, 3-4

(1992).

31).Khomeini, 1981, See Anwar-ul- Haq Ahady,

"Afghanistan: State Breakdown", op.cit.

Akhavi, S., 1982, Ibid.

Anwar-ul- Haq Ahady, "The Decline of Islamic

Fundamentalism", p . 231. op cit.

34-37) Ibid. pp. 23 1-234.

38) Pipes (1983), See Anwar-ul- Haq Ahady,

"Afghanistan: State Breakdown", op.cit.

39-40) See A. Ahady, "The Decline of Islamic Funda-

mentalism, pp. 23 1-234, op. cit.

Mohammad Enam Wak: "Afghanistan: Afghan N

tionalism and Islamic Fundamentalism" 1999, P. 3, op cit.

Ibid, p. 8.Ibid.

Ibid. Preface, p. 8.

A research conducted by Wak Foundation For

Afghanistan (WFA), 1997-1999, Peshawar.

See Anwar-ul- Haq Ahady, "Afghanistan: State

Breakdown" op.cit.Aj ) ( .V

J.I \ADaily "The Frontier Post" (Weekend Post), P.8

March 17, 1995, Peshawar.

Mohammad Enam Wak, op.cit., p. 24..JL\W LiI(o.(0 \

.j'O or ii (0's'

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L. Dupree, Afghanistan, 1980, P. 612.

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(24 August, 1999). 4,iJ L 'ii, ..L43Uih (VMohammad Enam Wak: Afghanistan: Afghan Na-

tionalism and Islamic Fundamentalism: op. cit

Eden Naby (1986), "The Changing Role of Islam

as a Unifying Force in Afghanistan. In A. Banuazizi and

M. Weiner (eds): The State. Religion and Ethnic Politics:

Afghanistan. Iran. and Pakistan. p.131..rL LLi,LMVo

See Anwar-ul Haq Ahady,"Afghanistan: State

Breakdown", op. cit.

Oliver Roy, Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan,

Combridge University Press, London, 1986, P 114.

(*VA

JL \ ° f. I1

r\oo i,_LIJL5 (A.

'& °'"81) Sayed Feda Yonas (Setar-e-Shujaat): Afghanistan:

Jirgas and Loya Jirgas: The Afh. ii Traitition (977 AD-

1992 AD) p.VI,19,1988, Peshawar.o )Jso JJJLLiJ5aJv.vy

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98) AIC, Monthly Bulletin, No. 76, July 1987, pp . 2-8.

00

99) Oliver Roy, Islam and Resistance in Afghanistan,

1986, PP. 124, 125 . op. cit.

(\

See MohammadEnam Wak: Afghanistan:

Afghan Nationalism and Islamic Fundamentalism, op. cit.

Richard S. Newell, The Prospect of State Build-

ing in Afghanistan: The State. Religion, and Ethnic Politics:

Afghanistan. Iran. and Pakistan pp.1 14-116.

Ibid.

The Ethnic Composition of Afghanistan, p. 27: A

Six year Survey and Research of Wak Foundation for

Afghanistan (1991-1996), Peshawar, 1999

J.

ACKU.Th . o)(\(.A

ii (\.-V -V

111) L. Dupree, Afghanistan, 1980 edition, pp. 156-157.

rr- iu .ciL.(See Anwar -ul Haq Ahady, "Afghanistan: State

Breakdown', op.cit.

Mohammad Enam Wak: Afghanistan: Afghan

Nationalism and Islamic Fundamentalism, op cit., p.8.

'& øV JLJ L +cI C

.- .

See Anwar-ul Haq Ahady, "Afghanistan:

State Breakdown, op. cit.

Ibid.

Eden Naby(1986), "The Changing Role of Islam as a

Unifying Force in Afghanistan", In A. Banuazizi and M.

Weiner (eds): The State Religion and Ethnic Politics:

Afghanistan. Iran and Pakistan, p. 131.

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