leven siano 31/10/13. bunkers oil spill following the vessel´s explosion reaching about 30...
TRANSCRIPT
CONTINGENCY AND RESPONSE PLANS FOR OIL SPILLS FROM
VESSELS
Leven Siano31/10/13
The case VICUÑA at Paranaguá 15 November 2004
BUNKERS OIL SPILL FOLLOWING THE VESSEL´S
EXPLOSION REACHING ABOUT 30 KILOMETERS WITHOUT IMMEDIATE CONTAINMENT
20
15B
9B9
A
22
13
11A
11B
14
21B
21C
23C
23D
3A
24
23B
6 17A 17
B17C
23A
19B
25
15A
21A
0 1
57A 7B
8
19A
3B
INEXISTENCE OF A PREVIOUS PLAN MAPPING THE SENSITIVE AREAS AND
DETERMINING THE CORRECT CLEAN UP TECHNIQUES FOR EACH AFFECTED
AREA
Different affected areas demanding different clean up
techniques
AT LEAST 5000 CLAIMS FROM LOCAL FISHERMEN FOR MATERIAL AND MORAL
DAMAGES
VICUÑA(291 T BUNKERS)
Position/Vessel Year Location Spill Size(tonnes)
1 Atlantic Empress 1979 Off Tobago, West Indies 287,000
2 ABT Summer 1991 700 nautical miles off Angola 260,000
3 Castillo Bellver 1983 Off Saldanha Bay, South Africa 252,000
4 Amoco Cadiz 1978 Off Brittany, France 223,0005 Haven 1991 Genoa, Italy 144,000
6 Odyssey 1988 700 nautical miles off Nova Scotia, Canada 132,000
7 Torrey Canyon 1967 Scilly Isles, UK 119,0008 Sea Star 1972 Gulf of Oman 115,0009 Irenes Serenade 1980 Navarino Bay, Greece 100,00010 Urquiola 1976 La Coruna, Spain 100,000
11 Hawaiian Patriot 1977 300 nautical miles off Honolulu 95,000
12 Independenta 1979 Bosphorus, Turkey 95,00013 Jakob Maersk 1975 Oporto, Portugal 88,00014 Braer 1993 Shetland Islands, UK 85,000
15 Khark 5 1989 120 nautical miles off Atlantic coast of Morocco 80,000
16 Aegean Sea 1992 La Coruna, Spain 74,00017 Sea Empress 1996 Milford Haven, UK 72,00018 Nova 1985 Off Kharg Island, Gulf of Iran 70,00019 Katina P 1992 Off Maputo, Mozambique 66,70020 Prestige 2002 Off Galicia, Spain 63,000
35 Exxon Valdez 1989 Prince William Sound, Alaska, USA 37,000
Largest oil spills from vessels since 1967
Fonte: www.itopf.com
PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT PRECAUTIONARY AND PROTECTIVE
MEASURES QUICK AND EFFECTIVE ACTION FOR
MITIGATING DAMAGES EFFECTIVE PREPARADNESS ART.3º: EMERGENCY RESPONSE PLANS FOR
OIL POLUTION FROM VESSELS, RIGS AND PORTS.
OPRC/90
10
Oil Spill Contingency Planning Provides policy and response framework
for government organisation (s) Allows implementing a complex response
organization in a calm, non-emergency environment - free from any pressure
Fulfils the requirements of International Agreements, e.g. OPRC
MAPPING
ALERT
RESPONSE
EMERGENCY AND CRISIS MANAGEMENT
WHO PAYS?
What should be planned?
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Planning principlesStrategy plan study of the risks and impacts of spills
identification of adequate response strategy definition of a response organisation
Operational plan
summarizes the findings of the strategic study formatted in a clear document for responders
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Strategy plan Analyze the risk of oil spills Estimate the likely behaviour and fate of the oil
spilled Assess the threat to sensitive areas
Analyze the risk of oil spills Estimate the likely behaviour and fate of the oil
spilled Assess the threat to sensitive areas
Define best-suited oil spill response strategy Define resources needed to implement the
strategy Define requirements for training and exercises
Define best-suited oil spill response strategy Define resources needed to implement the
strategy Define requirements for training and exercises
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Strategy planObjectives
Justifies the technical choices based on scientific risk analysis and assessment of potential impacts
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Strategy planBehaviour and fate of the oil spilled
Behaviour of oil: ◦ Estimate at least evaporation and likelihood of
emulsifying as a function of time spent at sea
Likely movements of oil slicks:◦ Use historical data on winds and currents◦ Calculate drifting of oil slicks
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Strategy planDefinition of oil spill response strategy
Technical choices should be based on NEBA analysis, based on following principle:
“The aims of oil spill response are to minimize damage to environmental and socioeconomic resources, and to reduce the time for recovery of affected resources by achieving an acceptable standard of cleanliness.”Source: IPIECA – Volume no. 10
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WHO ALERTS WHO?
WHO COMMANDS WHO?
WHO DOES WHAT?
WHO PAYS WHAT?
Operational plan
INTERRUPTION OF DISCHARGE AND CONTAINMENT OF SPILL;
PROTECTION OF VULNERABLE AREAS; SPILL MONITORING; CLEAN UP AND MECHANICAL OR CHEMICAL
DISPERSEMENT; WHAT TO DO WITH THE RESIDUES;
SO, THE PLAN WILL ESTABLISH:
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Ten questions for assessing the adequacy of a contingency plan
1. Has there been a realistic assessment of the nature and size of the possible threat, and of the resources most at risk, bearing in mind the probable movement of any oil spilled?
2. Have priorities for protection been agreed, taking into account the viability of the various protection and clean-up options?
Source : IMO
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3. Has a strategy for protecting and cleaning the various areas been agreed and clearly explained?
4. Has the necessary organisation been outlined and the responsibilities of all those involved been clearly stated with no ‘grey areas’ - will all who have a task to perform be aware of what is expected of them?
Ten questions for assessing the adequacy of a contingency plan
Source : IMO
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5. Are the levels of equipment, materials and manpower sufficient to deal with the anticipated size of spill. If not, have back-up resources been identified and, where necessary, have mechanisms for obtaining their release and entry to the country been established?
6. Have temporary storage sites and final disposal routes for collected oil and debris been identified?
Ten questions for assessing the adequacy of a contingency plan
Source : IMO
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7. Are the alerting and initial evaluation procedures fully explained as well as arrangements for continual review of the progress and effectiveness of the clean-up operation?
8. Have the arrangements for ensuring effective communication between shore, sea and air been described?
Ten questions for assessing the adequacy of a contingency plan
Source : IMO
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9. Have all aspects of the plan been tested and nothing significant found lacking?
10. Is the plan compatible with plans for adjacent areas and other activities?
Ten questions for assessing the adequacy of a contingency plan
Source : IMO
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WHO ALERTS WHO?
WHO COMMANDS WHO?
WHO DOES WHAT?
WHO PAYS WHAT?
USA: OPA 90 SECTION 4203 – CONTINGENCY AND RESPONSE PLANS
THE POLLUTER IS A PARTY THAT IS DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY RESPONSIBLE FOR AN ACTIVITY THAT CAUSES ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE (ART. 3rd, item IV of Law 6.938/81).
BACK TO THE VICUÑA EXPERIENCE
PORTS, PORT INSTALATIONS AND RIGS:
INSTALATIONS TO RECEIVE AND TREAT OIL RESIDUES (ART. 5);
PROCEDURES MANUAL FOR MANAGEMENT OF POLUTION RISKS (ART. 6);
INDIVIDUAL EMERGENCY PLANS APPROVED BY THE COMPETENT ENVIRONMENTAL AUTHORITY IN ORDER TO BECOME CONTINGENCY PLANS (ARTs. 7 and 8);
INDEPENDENT ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL AUDITS (ART.9);
BRAZILIAN LAW 9966/00 – PREVENTIVE SYSTEMS AND POLUTION CONTROL
Oil Spill Management training course - Durres, Rep. of Albania - 13 to 15 December 2006
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National Authority takes overall responsibility
NO
Responsibilities for initial response :Ports
Can responsebe handled on site
using local resources?
Can responsebe handled on site
using local resources?
Tier 1 / Tier 2
Tier 3
Mobilize resources from other government organizations or through international assistanceNotify IMO
Initiate response Notify national authoritiesInitiate response Notify national authorities
YES
R$ 115M (caUSD53M) FINES PORT AND TERMINAL LISTED AS DEFENDANTS IN THE
CIVIL PUBLIC ACTION SUIT AS WELL AS RECOVERY MEASURES REACHING CA R$ 196M (caUSD90M)
THE TERMINAL HAS BEEN LISTED AS DEFENDANT IN THOUSANDS OF CLAIMS
THE TERMINAL, THE PRESIDENT OF THE TERMINAL, THE CONSULTANT THAT ELABORATED THE INDIVIDUAL PLAN FOR THE TERMINAL, THE PUBLIC SERVANT WHO APPROVED THE PLAN, THE PORT SUPERINTENDENT, THE OPERATIONAL DIRECTOR OF THE PORT, THE SPILL CLEAN UP COMPANY AND ITS DIRECTOR ARE ALL LISTED AND ARE BEING PROSECUTED IN FEDERAL CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL DAMAGE.
THE VICUÑA CASE
OMMISSIONS BEFORE THE INCIDENT
INSUFFICIENT EMERGENCY AND AREA PLANS
CONDUCTS AFTER THE INCIDENT
DECISIONS AGGRAVATING THE RISKS
CRIMINAL CHARGES ON VICUÑA
