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Facts Into Acts: Action and Research on Political Participation 6.0 Acknowledgments The Working Group on Racial Equity would like to thank the following for their support John Biles, Department of Canadian Heritage Nese Burgaz, Settlement and Integration Services Organization Rose Caterini, Deputy Clerk/Manager of Legislative Services and Records, City of Hamilton Jojo Geronimo, Action Research and Training Group Bill Guise, Hamilton Public Library Morteza Jafarpour, Settlement and Integration Services Organization Rita Kohli, Action Research and Training Group Michelynn Lafleche, Runnymede Trust Bev Neill, Manager of Municipal Service Centres, City of Hamilton Annamie Paul, Canadian Centre for Political Leadership Jenny Ratansi-Rodrigues, Department of Canadian Heritage Alexandra Rawlings, Hearings Sub-Committee/Advisory Committee Coordinator, City of Hamilton Anver Saloojee, Ryerson University Uzma Shakir, Council of Agencies Serving South Asians Social Planning and Research Council of Hamilton Ken Stone, Community Coalition Against Racism Kass Sunderji, Department of Canadian Heritage Charlene Touzel, Coordinator of Elections and Freedom of Information, City of Hamilton Madina Wasuge, Settlement and Integration Services Organization Venier WingSang Wong, Action Research and Training Group Special thanks to: Councillor Marvin Caplan, Councillor - Ward 1, City of Hamilton Councillor Andrea Horwath, Councillor - Ward 2, City of Hamilton Councillor Russ Powers, Councillor - Ward 13, City of Hamilton Mayor of Hamilton Robert E. Wade, City of Hamilton Graduates of Colouring The City Candidates who participated in the Unfurling The Flag study Raffaella Candiotto, Manager of Community Relations, Office of the Mayor, City of Hamilton Jane Lee, Director of Customer Service, City of Hamilton Jane Mulkewich of the Working Group on Racial Equity for her contribution to Unfurling The Flag project and report Scott Neigh of the Working Group on Racial Equity for his contribution to the Facts into Acts report Marg Kowalski, Social Development Officer, Department of Canadian Heritage WORKING GROUP ON RACIAL EQUITY 140

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Page 1: LEVELLING THE FIELD

Facts Into Acts: Action and Research on Political Participation

6.0 Acknowledgments The Working Group on Racial Equity would like to thank the following for their support John Biles, Department of Canadian Heritage Nese Burgaz, Settlement and Integration Services Organization Rose Caterini, Deputy Clerk/Manager of Legislative Services and Records, City of Hamilton Jojo Geronimo, Action Research and Training Group Bill Guise, Hamilton Public Library Morteza Jafarpour, Settlement and Integration Services Organization Rita Kohli, Action Research and Training Group Michelynn Lafleche, Runnymede Trust Bev Neill, Manager of Municipal Service Centres, City of Hamilton Annamie Paul, Canadian Centre for Political Leadership Jenny Ratansi-Rodrigues, Department of Canadian Heritage Alexandra Rawlings, Hearings Sub-Committee/Advisory Committee Coordinator, City of Hamilton Anver Saloojee, Ryerson University Uzma Shakir, Council of Agencies Serving South Asians Social Planning and Research Council of Hamilton Ken Stone, Community Coalition Against Racism Kass Sunderji, Department of Canadian Heritage Charlene Touzel, Coordinator of Elections and Freedom of Information, City of Hamilton Madina Wasuge, Settlement and Integration Services Organization Venier WingSang Wong, Action Research and Training Group Special thanks to: Councillor Marvin Caplan, Councillor - Ward 1, City of Hamilton Councillor Andrea Horwath, Councillor - Ward 2, City of Hamilton Councillor Russ Powers, Councillor - Ward 13, City of Hamilton Mayor of Hamilton Robert E. Wade, City of Hamilton Graduates of Colouring The City Candidates who participated in the Unfurling The Flag study Raffaella Candiotto, Manager of Community Relations, Office of the Mayor, City of Hamilton Jane Lee, Director of Customer Service, City of Hamilton Jane Mulkewich of the Working Group on Racial Equity for her contribution to Unfurling The Flag project and report Scott Neigh of the Working Group on Racial Equity for his contribution to the Facts into Acts report Marg Kowalski, Social Development Officer, Department of Canadian Heritage

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Facts Into Acts: Action and Research on Political Participation The Working Group on Racial Equity: Michelle Cho Zahra Grant Jacob Joseph Harish Jain Rabea Murtaza Michelle Myrie Scott Neigh Ahmad Saidullah Graduates of the Colouring The City training: Carolina Alvarez Noor Amin Jahsai Ashley Vivek Bharadwaj Kamran Bhatti Neville Boney Jessica Bonilla Joan Brooks Beth Bryer Renier Calipao Clyde Callender Michelle Cho Michael Cooper Gurpreet Dipak Michael Doan Marcia Edwards-Sealy Eduardo Egbara Cindy Escobar Francisco Flores Clara Mae Gordon Zahra Grant Vaneeta Grover Arvind Gulati Bhupesh Gulati Bryan Heal Rose Henry Meera Jayarajan Jenani Jeyanathan Edmond Jodhi Anita Kanwar Aman Kaur

Raman Kaur Rhianna Keon Kimiko Kobayashi Edwin Lee Sandra Lemus Matthew Livingstone Anita Longman Shareen Kavita Mala Yadira Miatke Violetta Migoya Sarah Morris Michelle Myrie Kay Naito Rudhra Narine Fatima Zahara Nizam Deenah Qubaia Maria Rosa Ramirez Madhavi Reddy Nancy Reyes Lianne Robson Atif Shah Rehan Shah Priya Sharma Tia Townsend Samir Varma Janice Villanueva Abed Wahoush Mark Yep Mehrang Yezdani Adelicia Yu

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7.0 Selected Bibliography Abu-Laban, Yasmeen. "Ethnic Politics in a Globalizing Metropolis: The Case of Vancouver" in The Politics of the City: A Canadian Perspective, edited by Timothy L. Thomas. ITP Nelson, Scarborough, 1997. Abu-Laban, Yasmeen. "Liberalism, multiculturalism and the problem of essentialism." Citizenship Studies, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2002. Abu-Laban, Yasmeen. "Challenging the gendered vertical mosaic: immigrants, ethnic minorities, gender, and political participation," in Citizen Politics: Research and Theory in Canadian Political Behaviour, edited by Joanna Everitt and Brenda O'Neil. Oxford University Press, Don Mills, 2002b. Agro, Vince. You Can Fight City Hall. Bell Enterprises, Hamilton, 1975. Aikman, Murray W. 1847-1997: 150 Years of Excellence. The Board of Education for the City of Hamilton, 1997. Albert, Michael; Cagan, Leslie; Chomsky, Noam; Hahnel, Robin; King, Mel; Sargent, Lydia; and Sklar, Holly. Liberating Theory. South End Press, Boston, 1986. Allahar, Anton. "Race and racism: Strategies of resistance" in Racism and Social Inequality in Canada, edited by Vic Satzewich. Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc., Toronto, 1998. Anderson, Alan B. and Frideres, James S. Ethnicity in Canada: Theoretical Perspectives. Butterworths, Toronto, 1981. Anderson, Grace. "Voting behaviours and ethnic-religious variables: A study of a federal election in Hamilton, Ontario." Canadian Journal of Economic and Political Science, February 1966. Antony, Wayne and Samuelson, Les. Power and Resistance: Critical Thinking About Canadian Social Issues. Second edition. Fernwood Publishing, Halifax, Nova Scotia, 1998. Anwar, Muhammad. "The political participation of ethnic minorities in Birmingham." Third International Metropolis Conference, Zichron Yaacov, Israel. Papers From Political Participation Across Immigrant and Ethnoracial Communities: Comparing World Cities. 1998 Aylward, Carol A. Canadian Critical Race Theory: Racism and the Law. Fernwood Publishing, Halifax, 1999. Bacchi, Carol Lee. Liberation Deferred? The Ideas of the English-Canadian Suffragists, 1877-1918. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1983. Bailey, Dickson. Electoral Cleavages in Metropolitan Hamilton: An Ecological Analysis of the Federal and Provincial Elections, 1962-1972. Unpublished M.A. Thesis, McMaster University, Hamilton, 1973. Bali, Judith, and Bal, Manohar Singh, eds. Sikhs in Ontario. Ontario Council of Sikhs, 1993.

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Banfield, Edward C. and Wilson, James Q. "Power structures and civic leadership" in Cox, Fred M, Erlich, John L, Rothman, Jack and Tropman, John E. Strategies of Community Organization: A Book of Readings. Second Edition. Itasca, Illinois: F.E. Peabody Publishers, Inc., 1974. Balthazar, Louis "The dynamics of multi-ethnicity in French-speaking Quebec: Toward a new citizenship" in LaPonce, Jean and Safran, William, eds. Ethnicity and Citizenship: The Canadian Case. London: Frank Cass, 1996, pp. 82-106. Baubock, R. Transnational citizenship: Membership and rights in international migration. Edward Elgar, Brookfield, VT, 1994. Beasley, Marianne. "Northern slights & the panic of 9/11". Liberty Magazine. Nov/Dec 2002.

Found at <www.libertymagazine.org/article/articleview/315/1/57/>.

Bender, Thomas. "Intellectuals, cities, and citizenship in the United States: The 1890s and 1990s." Citizenship Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1999. Bernard, Paul. Social Cohesion: A Critique. CPRN Discussion Paper No. F·09, Canadian Policy Research Networks, Ottawa, 1999. Berry, J.W. and LaPonce, J.A. "Evaluating research on Canada's multiethnic and multicultural society: An introduction" in Ethnicity and Culture in Canada: The Research Landscape. University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1994 Berry, J.W. and LaPonce, J.A., eds. Ethnicity and Culture in Canada: The Research Landscape. University of Toronto Press, London, Toronto and Buffalo, 1994 Bhachu, Parminder. "The multiple landscapes of transnational Asian women in the diaspora" in Re-Situating Identities: The Politics of Race, Ethnicity, Culture, edited by Vered Amit-Talai and Caroline Knowles. Broadview Press, Toronto, 1996. Biles, John. "Ottawa-Carleton: An ethniCity in the making?" Third International Metropolis Conference, Zichron Yaacov, Israel. Papers from political participation across immigrant and ethnoracial communities: Comparing world cities. 1998 Bill C-18. Ottawa: Citizenship and Immigration Canada, 2003.

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Black, Jerome H. "Ethnic minorities and mass politics in Canada: Some observations in the Toronto setting." International Journal of Canadian Studies, Vol. 3, Spring, pp. 129-151, 1991. Black, Jerome H. "Immigrant political adaptation in Canada: Some tentative findings." Canadian Journal of Political Science, Vol. 15, pp. 3-27, 1982. Black, Jerome H., and Aleem S. Lakhani. "Ethnoracial diversity in the House of Commons: An analysis of numerical representation in the 35th Parliament." Canadian Ethnic Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, pp. 1-21, 1997. Blais, Andre and Gidengil, Elisabeth. Making Representative Democracy Work: The Views of Canadians. Dundurn Press, Toronto, 1991.

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Bledsoe, Timothy. Careers in City Politics: The Case for Urban Democracy. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, Pa., 1993. Boase, Sharon. "Gray's labour of love is fighting for workers: Won't rest until justice is served." The Hamilton Spectator, p. A1, August 27, 1997. Boase, Sharon. "A different kind of life." The Hamilton Spectator, p. D7, September 12, 2002. Bourret, Suzanne. "Empty tables is message of goodwill and despair; Hamilton artists' works hang in Beverly Hills Hilton." The Hamilton Spectator, p. M7, March 29, 2003. Boldt, Menno. "Canadian Native Indian leadership: Context and composition." Canadian Ethnic Studies, Vol. 7, No. 1, 1980. Breton, Raymond. "The Ethnic Group as a Political Resource in Relation to Problems of Incorporation: Perceptions and Attitudes" in Ethnic Identity and Equality, edited by R. Breton, W. Isajiw, W. Kalbach, J. Reitz. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1990. Breton, Raymond. The Governance of Ethnic Communities: Political Structures and Processes in Canada. Greenwood Press, Westport, Connecticut, 1991. Breton, Raymond. "Social participation and social capital: Introductory lecture." Immigration and Civic Participation: Contemporary Policy and Research Themes, Second National Metropolis Conference, Montreal, 1997. "Briefly." Hamilton Spectator, p. A2, December 29, 2001. "Briefly." Hamilton Spectator, p. A6, October 10, 2002. Brodie, Janine. "Citizenship and solidarity: Reflections on the Canadain way." Citizenship Studies, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2002. Brooks, Denise and Tulloch, Akosia. A Community-Based Needs Assessment of Settlement and Integration Services in Hamilton-Wentworth. The Social Planning and Research Council of Hamilton-Wentworth, Hamilton, 1992. Brooks, Stephen. Canadian Democracy: An Introduction. McCLelland and Stewart Inc., Toronto, 1993. Brown, Barbara. "Charges dropped in temple arson case; Key witness a drunk." The Hamilton Spectator, p. A1, January 15, 2003. Brown, Barbara. "Fears of a 'gentle man'; Victim of hate crime robbed, beaten to a pulp." The Hamilton Spectator, p. A1, February 11, 2003b. Brown, Robert Craig. "Full partnership in the fortunes and in the future of the nation" in Ethnicity and Citizenship: The Canadian case, edited by Jean LaPonce and William Safran. London: Frank Cass, 1996. Buchignani, Norman and Indra, Doreen M. Continuous Journey: A Social History of South Asians in Canada. McClelland and Stewart Ltd., Toronto, 1985.

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Buchignani, Norman and Indra, Doreen. "The political organization of South Asians in Canada, 1904-1920" in Ethnicity, Power and Politics in Canada, edited by Jorgen Dahlie and Tissa Fernando. Methuen, Toronto, 1981. Burkholder, Mabel. Out of the Storied Past. Hamilton, 1968. No publisher indicated. Burman, John. "Hate crimes jump; School kids charged in latest incident." The Hamilton Spectator, p. A1, November 1, 2001. Cairns, Alan C. Edited by Douglas E. Williams. Reconfigurations: Canadian Citizenship & Constitutional Change. McClelland & Stewart Inc., Toronto, 1995. Canada, Statistics Canada. The Persistent Gap: New Evidence on the Canadian Gender Wage Gap. Statistics Canada, Income Statistics Division 75F00002MID - 99008, 1999. Canadian Human Rights Act Review Panel. Promoting Equality: A New Vision. Department of Justice, Ottawa, 2000. Candidate's Guide: 1997 Municipal Elections. Province of Ontario, Toronto, 1997. Candidate's Guide: 2000 Municipal Elections. Province of Ontario, Toronto, 2000. Candidate's Guide: 2003 Municipal Elections. Province of Ontario, Toronto, 2003. Candidate's Handbook: 1997 Municipal Election. City of Hamilton, Hamilton, 1997. Cannon, Margaret. The Invisible Empire: Racism in Canada. Random House, Toronto, 1995. Channan, Krishan K. The Lure of Politics. Exposition Press, Smithtown, New York, 1980. Chaudry, Kieren Aziz. "Fictitious universalism and substantive equality: A comment." Citizenship Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2, 1999. Christensen, Carole Pigler. "The Impact of Racism on the Education of Social Service Workers" in Perspectives on Racism and the Human Services Sector, edited by Carl E. James. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, 1996. Citrin, Jack and Benjamin Highton. How Race, Ethnicity, and Immigraiton Shape the California Electorate. Public Policy Institute of California, 2002. Clairmont, Susan. "No one knows why store clerk was shot; 'I'm dying, I'm dying' wailed a bleeding Ibrahim al-Timimi on his way to hospital." The Hamilton Spectator, p. A4, April 4, 2003. Clarke, A.A. Report on the Process for a Cultural Interpreters Service in Hamilton-Wentworth and for the Cultural Interpreters Advisory Committee. Department of Canadian Heritage, 1994. Coalition of Muslim Organizations. "Special Senate Committee on the Subject Matter of Bill C-36: Anti-terrorism Act", December 5, 2001. Comments on Bill C-18. Toronto, Council of Agencies Serving South Asians, 2003.

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Cooper, John. Shadow Running: Ray Lewis, Canadian Railway Porter and Olympic Athlete. Umbrella Press, Toronto, 1999. Cose, Ellis. The Rage of a Privileged Class. HarperCollins, New York, 1993. Courtney, John C. Voting in Canada. Prentice-Hall of Canada Ltd., Scarborough, Ontario, 1967. Cox, Fred M, Erlich, John L, Rothman, Jack and Tropman, John E. Strategies of Community Organization: A Book of Readings. Second Edition. Itasca, Illinois: F.E. Peabody Publishers, Inc., 1974. Dahl, Robert A. On Democracy. York University Press, New Haven and London. 1998 Dahlie, J. and Fernando, T., eds. Ethnicity, Power and Politics in Canada. Methuen, Toronto, 1981. Das Gupta, Tania, "Anti-racism and the organized labour movement" in Satzewich, Vic. Editor. Racism and Social Inequality in Canada. Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc., Toronto, 1998, 315-334. Davison, Michael. "Truly, the actions of politicians are often very hard to fathom." The Hamilton Spectator, February 8, 1994. Dear, M.J., Drake, J.J., and Reeds, L.G., eds. Steel City: Hamilton and Region. University of Toronto Press, 1987. DiGregorio, Ray. "Mayor urges minorities to run for office." The Hamilton Spectator, March 22,1991. Deponeo, Donna. Hamilton's Other Voice: Ethnic Media in the Hamilton-Wentworth Region. CHMR Radio, Mohawk College, Hamilton, 1994. Doucet, Michael, and Weaver, John. Housing the North American City. McGill - Queen's University Press, Montreal and Kingston, 1991. Dreschel, Andrew. "When is a full-time councillor truly full-time?" The Hamilton Spectator, p. A3, January 31, 2001. Dreschel, Andrew. "All the usual suspects are advising supervisor." The Hamilton Spectator, p. A3, November 18, 2002. Dreschel, Andrew. "Murray can change how trustees are elected." The Hamilton Spectator, p. A3, January 27, 2003. Drew, Benjamin. The Narratives of Fugitive Slaves in Canada. John P. Jewett and Company, Boston, 1856. (Facsimilie edition published by Coles Publishing Company, Toronto, 1981). Du Bois, W.E.B. The Souls of Black Folk. Signet Classic, New York, 1995. Eagles, Munroe, Bickerton, James P., Gagnon, Alain-G., Smith, Patrick J. The Almanac of Canadian Politics, Second Edition. Oxford University Press, Toronto, 1995.

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Franklin, John Hope, ed., Color and Race, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 1968. Freeman, Bill. "Hamilton: How The City Was Built" in The City and Radical Social Change, edited by Dimitrios Roussopolous. Montreal: Black Rose Books, 1982. Freeman, Bill. 1005: Political Life in a Union Local. James Lorimer and Company, Toronto, 1982. Freeman, Bill and Hewitt, Marsha, eds. Their Town: The Mafia, The Media, and the Party Machine. James Lorimer and Company, Toronto, 1979. Freeman, Bill. Hamilton: A People's History. James Lorimer & Company Ltd., Toronto, 2001. Fulford, Robert. "A post-modern dominion: The changing nature of Canadian citizenship" in Belonging: The Meaning and Future of Canadian Citizenship, edited by William Kaplan. McGill-Queen's University Press, Montreal and Kingston, 1993. Galabuzi, Grace-Edward. Canada's Creeping Economic Apartheid. Toronto, The CSJ Foundation for Research and Education, 2001. Garcia, S. "Cities and citizenship." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Vol. 20, pp. 7-21, 1996. Gay, Claudine. The Effect of Minority Districts and Minority Representation on Political Participation in California. Public Policy Institute of California, 2001. Greene, Fitzroy. "New citizenship law under fire - Bill C18 unfair". Share News, March 13, 2003.

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