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Page 1: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Let’s put it all together!

Page 2: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Un Repaso

Page 3: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

The Gender of Nouns

Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules:

Masculine-o -or -ma -s -l

Femenine-a -ión -z -ud -ad -ie -ora

Days of the week, months of the year and names of rivers

are masculine.

el lunes el septiembre el Amazonas

Page 4: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Excepciones!

• la mano el poeta la cama• el día el mapa el poeta• el lápiz la crisis el avión

Page 5: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

A few nouns have different meanings, depending on whether they are masculine or

feminine

El capital la capital

El guía la guía

El modelo

la modelo

El cura la cura

El policía La policía

money capital city

male guide guidebook: female guide

Model

male modelfemale model

priest cure

policeman Policewoman

Police force

Page 6: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Plural Nouns• Nouns ending in a consonant (including –y) form the

plural by adding –es.

• el papel los papeles• el rey los reyes• la mujer las mujeres

• Nouns ending in –z change the –z to –c before adding es: • el lápiz

• los lápices

Page 7: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

• unstressed vowel +s -> no change

• stressed vowel +s -> -> es• Ejemplos:• el lunes -> • el inglés• la crisis -> • el país

Otras Reglas (para mejorar la vida!)

Nouns ending in -s

los luneslos ingleseslas crisislos paises

Page 8: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Special uses of the articles

--Used in Spanish, but omitted in English as follows:1. before the names of languages, except after hablar,

aprender, en, or de• El español es importante hoy día. • Mi amigo habla español.

Articles are NOT used before nouns denoting a class or group (social class, occupations, nationality,religion, etc.)

Es peluquero.Soy americano.

Note: if the noun is modified, the indefinite article is expressed. Era un peluquero hábil.

Quiero ser un médico bueno.

Page 9: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

When the adjective is placed before the noun, the meaning is figurative.

When the adjective is placed after the noun, the meaning is literal.

Los Adjetivos

Limiting Adjectives are placed before the noun:

Number Possession Quantity

cierto algunos muchas otrotantas dos peor másmejor poco menos

86.7% of the time, adjectives are placed after the noun they modify

Page 10: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

• Before—figurative After--literal• Washington fue un gran hombre Mi tio es un hombre grande• Mi antiguo novio (former) el edificio antiguo• Los pobres estudiantes (unfortunate) Los estudiantes

pobres(poor) • Antiguo old,former ancient• Cierto a certain sure, reliable• Grande great large, big• Mismo same him/self• Nuevo another, different new• Pobre unfortunate poor• Simple simple, new silly, simpleminded

Adjectives become figurative instead of literal when placed before the noun

Page 11: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

The adjective precedes the noun when the adjective expresses an inherent characteristic.

• La blanca nieve

• la nieve amarrilla

The adjective precedes the noun when it is used in an exclamation !QUE!

• EXCEPT• When the exclamation contains an adverb such as

mas, muy, or tan

Certain adjectives are shortened when placed before the noun.

Ejemplos: primer, ningun, buen

Page 12: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l
Page 13: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Conjuguemos!El Tiempo PresenteLos verbos regulares

AR ER IR

Yo

Tú

Él, ella, usted

Nosotros

Ellos, ellas, ustedes

-o-as-a-amos-an

-o-es-e-emos-en

-o-es-e-imos-en

Page 14: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

The stem changes in all forms except nosotros

Stem Changers

Cambios: Verbos:

e-ie

o-ue

e-i

comenzar sentir sentar

querer pensar empezar

almorzar encontrar

dormir volver

poder

pedir seguir repetir vestir

servir

Page 15: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Seguimos con los verbos irregulares en la forma “yo”

Cambios: Verbos:

Ending in -go

Ending in -zco

Ending in -jo

caer poner traer

hacer salir

conducir desaparecer conocer parecer

escoger

Page 16: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Presente Progresivo

Conjugated form of ESTAR. PLUS Gerund

Compound tenseTo be doing something

Estoy hablando.

Gerund: Also referred to as the present participle. It corresponds to the –ing form in English

Gerund formation

AR Verbs: Stem and –ando

ER/IR Verbs: Stem and -iendo

Page 17: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Siempre hay…!EXCEPCIONES!

Irregular Gerunds

-ER and -IR Verbs whose stem ends in a vowel use -yendo

Caer

Creer

Leer

Oir

Traer

Cayendo

Creyendo

Leyendo

Oyendo

Trayendo

Page 18: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Más!

-IR Verbs that have a stem change in 3rd person singular of preterite, have the same change in the gerundDecir

Dormir

Morir

Pedir

Repetir

Diciendo

Durmiendo

Muriendo

Pidiendo

Repitiendo

Page 19: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Conjuguemos!El Tiempo PretéritoLos verbos regulares

AR ER/IR

Yo

Tú

Él, ella, usted

Nosotros

Ellos, ellas, ustedes

-é -aste-ó -amos-aron

-í -iste-ió -imos-ieron

Preterite one-time past

event OR interruption OR the beginning or

end of an event.

Page 20: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Añadamos nuestros verbos favoritos-CAR-GAR-ZAR

These change only in the “yo” form

-car (c-qu)

-gar (g-gu)

-zar (z-c)

buscar colocar educar

pescar sacar

pagar llegar

entregar jugar

apagar

alcanzar

comenzar empezar cruzar

gozar

tocar

chocar

masticar comunicar explicar

negar

bostezar

dedicar embarcar indicar

colgar

rogar obligar encargar

almorzar realizar

Page 21: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Nuestros amigos: Los irregulares!

--uve: tener, andar, estar

• tuve anduve

• tuviste anduviste• tuvo anduvo• tuvimos anduvimos• tuvieron anduvieron

Page 22: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Stem Changers in Third Person (singular and plural) ONLY

o->u dormir, morir durmió durmieron

e->i pedir, conseguir, convertir, mentir, repetir, sugerir, preferir, seguir,

freír, vestir, hervir, despedir, servir

siguió siguieron

Page 23: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

ER/IR stem ending in voweli>y change in Third Person (singular and plural) ONLY

i->ydistribuir, construir, huir,

concluir, excluir,creer, caer, oír, leer

cayó cayeron

Page 24: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

J Stem

dije traje• dijiste trajiste• dijo trajo • dijimos trajimos• dijeron trajeron

decir, deducir, producir, traer, traducir

Page 25: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Yucky Irregular Verbsu stem

pude puse supepudiste pusiste supistepudo puso supopudimos pusimos supimospudieronpusieron supieron

Poder poner saber

Page 26: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Yucky Irregular VerbsI stem

hice quise vinehiciste quisiste vinistehizo quiso vinohicimos quisimos vinimoshicieron quisieron

vinieron

hacer querer venir

Page 27: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Dar and VerDi viDiste visteDio vioDimosvimosDieronvieron

Ir and Ser• fui • fuiste

• fue • fuimos • fueron

Page 28: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Conjuguemos!El Tiempo ImperfectoLos verbos regulares

AR ER/IR

Yo

Tú

Él, ella, usted

Nosotros

Ellos, ellas, ustedes

-aba-abas-aba-ábamos-aban

-ía-ías-ía-íamos-ían

Repeated/habitual past action OR

was in progress (“was …ing”) OR

described a condition.

Page 29: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

©CAS 2002

Ser (to be)Ser (to be) Ir (to go)Ir (to go) Ver (to see)Ver (to see)

eraerasera

éramos

eran

ibaibasiba

íbamos

iban

veíaveíasveía

veíamos

veían

Only 3 Irregulars

Page 30: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Other uses!!!!Other uses!!!!

A age, appearance

R recurring/habitual actions

T time

W weather

E emotional states

P physical attributes

T time

Page 31: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Conjuguemos!Conditional TenseRegular VerbsAdd the following endings to the

infinitive (would do something)

AR/ER/IR

Yo

Tú

Él, ella, usted

Nosotros

Ellos, ellas, ustedes

-ía-ías-Ía-íamos-ían

Page 32: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Conjuguemos!Future TenseRegular VerbsAdd the following endings to the

infinitive (will do something)

AR/ER/IR

Yo

Tú

Él, ella, usted

Nosotros

Ellos, ellas, ustedes

-é-ás-á

-emos-án

Page 33: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Present Perfect

Conjugated form of HABER.

PLUS Past Participle

Compound tenseTo have done something

He comido.

Past Participle: It corresponds to the –ed form in English

Past Participle formation

AR Verbs: Stem and –ado

ER/IR Verbs: Stem and -ido

Page 34: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Conjuguemos!El Tiempo Presente SubjuntivoLos verbos regulares

AR ER/IR

Yo

Tú

Él, ella, usted

Nosotros

Ellos, ellas, ustedes

-a-as-a-amos-an

-e-es-e-emos-en

Page 35: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

• To preserve the sound of the stem, these verbs have the same change in subjunctive as in preterite:

• -CAR: c-> qu• -GARg-> gu• -ZARz-> c

-Car, -Gar, -Zar

**Including the nosotros form**

Page 36: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Subjunctive: Un Breve Repaso

Structure:

---2 clauses separated by “que” AND ---2 different subjects in each clauseMood:

---the first clause must reflect a desire, emotion, feeling AND ---the second clause reflects the desired result that is not certain

In the first clause is the indicative verb.

queIn the second clause is the subjunctive verb.

Page 37: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

• U. U.

• W. W.

• E. E.

• I. I.

• R. R.

• D. D.

• O.O.

U.W.E.I.R.D.O.

• U. U. uncertaintyuncertainty

• W. W. wish and willwish and will

• E. E. emotionsemotions

• I. I. impersonal expressionsimpersonal expressions

• R. R. regretregret

• D. D. doubtdoubt

• O.O. Order (command)Order (command)

Page 38: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

• No creo que __________________

• No pienso que _________________

U.W.E.I.R.D.O.

Frank mienta a su novia.

Kristin olvide la tarea.

U.W.E.I.R.D.O.

WISHES • desear• pedir• preferir• gustar

UNCERTAINTY

Page 39: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

• Emotion

Verbs that indicate emotion

Esperar temer

sentir alegrarse de

Sorprenderse estar contento

tener miedo deEs triste

Page 40: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Impersonal Expressions Expresses attitudes, uncertainty,

opinions, not concrete

Always trigger subjunctive:

Es bueno Es mejorEs importante Es necesario Es imposible Es una lástimaEs malo Es urgenteEs posible Es probableEs dudoso Es difícil

Page 41: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

• RRegret

• Lo siento que tu abuela esté enferma.

• Lamento que no podamos asistir a la reunión.

U.W.E.I.R.D.O.

Page 42: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

• Doubt, denial or disbelief

Verbs that indicate doubt

Dudar negar

no creer no estar seguro

No es verdad no es probable

Page 43: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

U.W.E.I.R.D.O.

• Order, will or influence

Verbs that indicate order, will or influence

Aconsejar permitir exigir

Prohibir querer dejar

Recomendar rogarobligar

Mandar sugerir

Insistir en necesitar decir (tell)

Page 44: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Repasamos

Page 45: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

SER ESTAR

T

O

D

O

ime

ccupation

escription/Datewnership/origin

L

E

T

ocation

motion

ense

Page 46: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Subject

Verb

Direct Object

Who or what is doing the action

the action

Who or what is receiving the action

Grammar 101

Indirect Object

For whom

Page 47: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Object Pronouns

Yo

Tú

Él, ella, usted

Nosotros

Ellos, ellas, ustedes

me

te

se

nos

se

Reflexive Indirect Direct

me

te

le

nos

les

me

te

Lo, la

nos

Los,

las

Page 48: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Get RID of your problems with pronouns.

Reflexive Indirect Direct

You may find up to 2 pronouns in the same sentence and they will

always be in this order.

Page 49: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

94.76% of the time, object pronouns go before the conjugated verb

EXCEPTION: After a positive command.

Escríbalo.

Page 50: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

It is also more common to see the object pronouns attached to the

end of a gerund or infinitive, although it is still correct to put

them before the conjugated verb.

Page 51: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Reflexive Verbs = actions one does to/for oneself

The subject does as well asreceives the action…

How do you form these verbs?1. Conjugate the verb as always…

2. Add the reflexive pronouns…

me nos

te

se se

llamo llamamos

llamas

llama llaman

Page 52: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Verbs frequently used in reflexive

afeitarse dormirse

levantarse

maquillarse

peinarse

despertarse

Bañarse /lavarse

acostarse

ducharse

cepillarse

Page 53: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!Hay Más!

vestirse

secarse

ponerse

quitarse divertirse

Page 54: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

Pero, ¿qué hacemos con los “le, los, las, lo, la”?

When any combination of these 2 words are put together, the first word

is changed to “se”

le

lo

leslos

la

lasPlus

Page 55: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

The direct object pronoun REPLACES the direct object.

Frequently the indirect object pronoun is used in conjunction

with the indirect object for clarification or emphasis.

Le manda las invitaciones a Tori.

Se las manda a Tori.

Page 56: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l
Page 57: Let’s put it all together! Un Repaso The Gender of Nouns Nouns that end in the following letters generally follow these rules: Masculine -o-or-ma-s-l

!El Final!


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€¦  · Web viewChapter 1. Repaso Nouns, Adjectives, and Gustar. 1. Nouns for people have natural gender. Other nouns . have gender based on their endings. Still other nouns

Nouns and Articles Gender and Number. Nouns in Spanish that end in “-o”, or that refer to masculine people are generally masculine: el carro el amigo

Maschile o femminile (Gender: masculine or feminine) In Italian nouns have gender: they are either masculine or feminine. Most nouns ending in –o are masculine

FRENCH PAMPHLET - Oratory Prep...Genders (masculine and feminine words) In French, all nouns are either masculine or feminine. This is called the gender of a name. efore a masculine

Español un respaso. I.Masculine / Feminine a)Masculine Nouns and Adjectives end in O b)Feminine Nouns and Adjectives end inA i.Libro,Rojo i.Goma, Roja

DEFINITE ARTICLES el, la, los, las. GENDER – masculine and feminine In Spanish, all nouns (people, animals, places or things) are either masculine or

1) All nouns in German have a gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter. 2) The gender of a noun is determined by its definite article. der = masculine die

Nouns - · PDF fileHebrew Nouns Hebrew can be described in terms of their number (singular, plural, and dual) and gender (masculine or feminine). Logos will identify these qualities

Los sustantivos Nouns. Gender of nouns 1. Most nouns that end in –o are masculine while most nouns that end in –a are feminine. MasculineFeminine El perroLa

1) All nouns in German have a gender: masculine, feminine, or neuter. 2) The gender of a noun is determined by its definite article. der = masculine (der

7th Grade Final Exam Study Guide - Wappingers … · 7th Grade Final Exam Study Guide ... Singular Plural Masculine el los ... Nouns that end in an “o” are usually are masculine

NOUNS & ARTICLES SUSTANTIVOS Y ARTÍCULOS. In Spanish all nouns belong to 2 gender categories: _________________ or ________________ Masculine (masculino)