let's practice it! gr4 se - ms. stroud - home...practice in each sentence below, underline the...

Family Times DVD•351

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Week 1 My Brother MartinThe Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King’s sister recalls the boy who once said, “One day I’m going to turn this world upside down.”

Week 2 Jim Thorpe’s Bright PathDespite prejudice, Jim Thorpe became one of the greatest American athletes.

Week 3 How Tía Lola Came to Visit StayMiguel’s life changes when his Tía Lola arrives. Will these changes be for the better, or for the worse?

Week 4 A Gift from the HeartThe Comanche People are waiting for the drought to end. Little One sacrifices her most treasured possession to save them.

Week 5 The Man Who Went to the Far Side of the MoonIn 1969, Michael Collins remained in the command module when other astronauts walked on the moon, but his experience is one to remember.

ActivityCan you tell the difference between fiction and nonfiction? Discuss with a family member.

Selection Summaries

In Unit 6, you learned and used many skills while reading the stories and selections.

• Acause is why an event happens, and the effect is what happens.

• Astatement of fact can be proved true or false. A statement of opinion is what someone thinks or feels.

• Thesequence is the order in which events take place. Clue words such as first, next, and then may show sequence in a story.

• Anauthormaygeneralize by making a broad statement or rule that applies to several examples.

• Graphic sources, such as diagrams, charts, tables, maps, time lines, and illustrations, help readers understand information.

ActivityWhat do you dream about? Perhaps you dream about being a professional athlete, a singer, or an astronaut. Those dreams can come true, if you’re willing to try your best and overcome obstacles. Talk with a family member about a dream that he or she has. What can you do to make it come true?

Comprehension Skills Review

Unit 6 Interactive Review

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DVD•352 Family Times

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Root WordsWords grow from other words, which are called root words. (Root words are also sometimes called “base words.”) For example, fly is the base word of flying, and tie is the base word of untie.

Activity As you read, try to find words that have the same root words. Check your ideas against the dictionary.

Multiple-Meaning Words Some words can mean more than one thing, depending on the context in which they are used. These are called multiple-meaning words.Activity As you read, look for multiple-meaning words and try to figure out which meaning is being used. Consult a dictionary to help you.

Unfamiliar Words When you come across an unfamiliar word, use context clues—the words and sentences nearby—to help you figure out the word’s meaning.

Activity If you find an unfamiliar word, try using context clues to figure out its meaning. Ask yourself if the meaning you’ve come up with makes sense in the sentence. If it does, you’ve done a great job of using context clues.

Unit Vocabulary Skills

SchwaIn many sentences, the vowel sound gives no clue as to its spelling. That vowel sound is called a schwa.

Prefixes mis-, non-, pre-, re-When these prefixes are added to base words, the spelling of the base word does not change.

Suffixes -less, -ment, -nessWhen these suffixes are added to most words, the base word stays the same. These suffixes do not change the spelling or the sound of the base word.

Suffixes -ful, -ly, -ionWhen these suffixes are added to most words, the spelling of the base word stays the same. Adding -ful and -ly to base words does not change the pronunciation of the base word. However, adding -ion to a base word that ends in t results in a word part that begins with /ch/ or /sh/.

Words with Silent ConsonantsSometimes words have silent consonants: knee, often. Silent consonants do not change the sound of adjacent consonants.

Unit Spelling Rules

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Unit 6 Week 1 Interactive Review Name

Vocabulary DVD•353

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Root Words

•Root words, also called base words, are words that other words are made from. For example, study is the root word for these other words: studies, studied, student, and studious.

Practice Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks with one of the Words to Know. Then circle the correct meaning of each underlined word, using what you know about root words.

1. Josefina’s father followed her family tree back six

.

a. went back through b. will go through

2. Her had lots of interesting jobs,

including a gold miner and a .

a. not having interest b. having interest

3. The minister studied so he could give sermons from the

.

a. learned b. will learn

4. One of Josefina’s favorite stories was about her great-great aunt, who spent World

War II Jewish families so they capture.

a. more than one story b. a very old story

On Your Own As you read “The Fastest Woman in the World,” use what you know about root words to figure out the meaning of any word you are not familiar with.

Words To Know

ancestorsavoidedgenerationsministernumerouspulpitshielding

Home Activity Your child studied root words. Use a dictionary to find out the past tense or plural form of familiar words.

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DVD•354 Comprehension

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Cause and Effect

A cause is why an event happens, and the effect is what happens.

• Cluewordssuchasbecause often signal causes.

• Effectssometimesfollowwordssuchasso and since.

• Askyourself“Whathappened?”tofindtheeffectand“Whydidthathappen?”tofindthe cause.

Practice In each sentence below, underline the cause and circle the effect. If there is a clue word, draw a box around it.

1. Because she had not studied, Lucy was extremely nervous before the test.

2. She did not want to fail, so she told her teacher what had happened.

3. Her teacher said, “I found your notebook, so I knew that you were not able to study.”

4. “Because this is the first time, I will let you take the test tomorrow,” the teacher said.

On Your Own Use what you know about cause and effect as you read “The Fastest Woman in the World.”

Home Activity Yourchildreviewedcauseandeffect.Together,readorwatchanewsreport.Talkaboutthecausesandeffectsmentionedinthereport.

Because Lucy left her notebook in school . . . she could not study for the test.

Unit 6 Week 1 Interactive Review

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Multiple-Meaning Words

• Amultiple-meaning word is a word that has more than one meaning. One example is bat, which can mean a flying mammal or a piece of sports equipment. Checking the word in the dictionary can help you figure out which meaning of a multiple-meaning word is being used.

Practice Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks using the Words to Know. Circle the letter of the meaning of the underlined multiple-meaning word. Use a dictionary to help you.

1. Because he tires easily, Keith is working with the coach

to build up his .

a. becomes weary b. wheels for a car

2. Every day, he runs laps around the building at his

.

a. circuits b. licks up

3. Life at the school is very different from Keith’s home on the

in Arizona, where his mother does labor.

a. having a baby b. hard physical effort

4. At school, Keith has met kids from all over the country and the different parts

of .

a. rural area b. nation

On Your Own As you read “The Fastest Woman in the World,” check multiple-meaning words in the dictionary.

Home Activity Your child reviewed multiple-meaning words. Read a magazine article together and use the dictionary to check the meanings of multiple-meaning words.

Words To Know

boarding schooldormitoryendurancemanualreservation society

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Fact and Opinion

• Astatement of fact can be proved true or false.

• Astatement of opinion is what someone thinks or feels. Statements of opinion often contain words that make judgments, such as interesting or beautiful.

Directions Read the passage. Then label each statement in the chart as Fact or Opinion.

Wilma Rudolph was born in 1940 in Tennessee. Her parents had twenty-

two children, so their house must have been crowded. She had polio when she was five years old. It must have been hard for her, but in spite of her illness, Wilma became an athlete. She played high school

basketball and took part in track and field. In the 1960 Olympics, she won three racing titles and was called the “fastest woman in the world.” She was probably the best woman athlete of the twentieth century.

Statement Fact or Opinion?

1. Wilma Rudolph was born in 1940.

2. Their house must have been crowded.

3. She was called the “fastest woman in the world.”

4. It must have been hard for her.

5. She was probably the best woman athlete of the twentieth century.

On Your Own Use what you know about fact and opinion to list facts as you read “The Fastest Woman in the World.”

Home Activity Your child reviewed fact and opinion. Look at a news report and help your child decide what is a statement of fact and what may be an opinion.


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Unfamiliar Words

• Ifyouencounteranunfamiliar word while you are reading, you can use the words and sentences around it, or context clues, to help you figure out the meaning.

Practice Fill in the blanks with Words to Know. Then circle the meaning of the underlined unfamiliar word. Use context clues and a dictionary to help you.

1. A man called the lives with his dog,

Rusty, in a house on the boulevard.

a. street b. time period

2. Last Saturday Ben was around the colonel’s front door, hoping that he would give him a lucrative job.

a. easy b. profitable

3. With a in his eye, Ben queried the colonel about a job.

a. asked b. learned

4. Working for the colonel Ben the opportunity to see his studio.

a. chance b. reason

5. After Ben cleaned the , the colonel showed him a charcoal

sketch of Rusty.

a. a material used for drawing b. fuel for a barbecue fire

6. The sketch had a remarkable to the real dog.

a. unusual b. far away

On Your Own As you read “A Heart to Win the Race,” look for unfamiliar words and use context clues to find their meanings.

Words To Know

affordscolonelglint lurkingpalettesquaintresemblance

Home Activity Your child reviewed unfamiliar words. Together, read a newspaper article and look up any unfamiliar words in a print or online dictionary.

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Sequence

• Thesequence of events is the order in which they take place, from first to last. Clue words such as first, next, and then may show sequence in a story.

Directions Read the passage. Then answer the questions below.

Juli said, “I’m bored!” So Tía decided to show her how to make homemade

maracas with paper lunch bags, colored tape, rice, and beans.

“First, decorate two paper bags,” Tía said.

Juli wrote her name on one bag and Tía’s on the other, in fancy letters. She put dots and squiggles around them.

Tía said, “Now put a handful of dry rice in one bag and a handful of dry red beans in the other.”

Juli did this, and then Tía told her to twist the opening of each bag like a handle. “Tape the bags shut with the colored tape,” she said.

When she finished, Juli said, “We have our own maracas,” and delighted, she shook them both.

1. What were the first two steps Juli did?

2. What did she do last?

3. Which clue words told you the sequence of steps?

On Your Own As you read “The Fastest Woman in the World,” make a list of events in Wilma Rudolph’s life in order of dates.

Home Activity Yourchildreviewedsequenceofevents.Talkwithyourchildabouthowtomakesomethingin a few simple steps. Have your child tell what must happen first, next, and last.


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Unfamiliar Words

• Ifyouencounteranunfamiliar word while you are reading, you can use the words and sentences around it to help you figure out the meaning.

Practice Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks using the Words to Know. Then circle the meaning of the underlined word. Use context clues to help you.

1. Our science is to research a new

scientific method that polluted water

from to pristine.

a. clear b. spring c. salty

2. The catalyst of this project was that our teacher read an article about people who

are working hard to save reefs.

a. magazine b. inspiration c. listing

3. The teacher said that those who endeavor to protect coral environments have great

.

a. try hard b. examine c. forget about

4. I asked her about the that she planned to change jobs and collaborate with the group on the work they are doing.

a. oppose b. support c. work with

On Your Own As you read “A Heart to Win the Race,” list unfamiliar words and their meanings based on context clues.

Words To Know

assignmentcoralfortitudemurkyrumortransforms

Home Activity Your child reviewed unfamiliar words. Together, check the list of word meanings your child derived from context clues against a print or online dictionary.

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Generalize

• Ageneralization is a broad statement or rule that applies to several examples.

• Authorssometimesusecluewordssuchasmost, all, usually, and never to help readers generalize.

• Somegeneralizationsarevalid,orsupportedbyfactsanddetails.Othersarefaulty,ornot supported.

Practice Read the passage. Then write generalizations in the chart.

Long ago, when the Comanches relied on buffalo, Nacoma’s father was a

hunter. All the Comanches used the buffalo for meat and to make leather. The leather was sewn into clothing, tipis (tents), and used with branches to make drag sleds. When the buffalo migrated in search of new grazing areas, the Comanches

always followed them, moving their entire villages. The Comanches usually

had other food too. Nacoma’s mother and the other women usually gathered nuts, berries, and wild potatoes for food. Sometimes, the boys brought in small game, such as rabbits, or they caught fish in lakes and rivers.

Generalization Supporting Details

1. All the Comanches used the buffalo for meat and to make leather.

2. Leather was sewn into clothing, tipis, and used with branches to make drag sleds.

3. Nacoma’s mother and the other women usually gathered nuts, berries, and wild potatoes.

4. The boys brought in rabbits or fished.

On Your Own Use what you know about generalizing as you read “A Heart to Win the Race.”

Home Activity Yourchildreviewedgeneralizations.Usingoneofyourfavoritebooksormovies,discussageneralizationyoucandrawfromthestory.


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Multiple-Meaning Words

•Multiple-meaning words have more than one meaning. If you are unsure of the meaning of a word, look at its context for any clues, and then use the dictionary.

Practice Read the following sentences. Fill in the blanks using the Words to Know. Then circle the meaning of the underlined word, using context clues to help you.

1. The highlight of the class field trip to the museum was

the chance to see a real space that

had used to return to Earth.

a. colored mark b. best part

2. Imagine the excitement of opening the of the landing

and seeing the landscape.

a. a painting showing b. the view that can be seen plants or outdoor scenery from a specific place

3. Seeing Earth rise over the would have amazed us.

a. move in an upward direction b. swell because of yeast

4. After the race into space, there is often a period of upon return.

a. contest of speed b. group with similar traits

On Your Own As you read “The Fastest Woman in the World,” list any multiple-meaning words and use them in a sentence.

Words To Know

astronautscapsulehatchhorizonlunarmodulequarantine

Home Activity With your child, read a magazine article and use a dictionary to check meanings of multiple-meaning words you encounter.

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Graphic Sources

•Graphic sources, such as charts and tables, offer excellent information.

Air and Space Museum Day’s Events

9:30 a.m.: Class arrives at museum

10:15 a.m.: Group A visits Apollo 11 exhibit10:15 a.m.: Group B visits Wright Brothers exhibit

11 a.m.: Group A visits Jupiter exploration exhibit11 a.m.: Group B visits Frontiers of Flight exhibit

12:30 p.m.: Group A visits Frontiers of Flight exhibit12:30 p.m.: Group B visits Jupiter exploration exhibit

Practice Use the chart to answer the questions.

1. At what time will the class arrive at the Air and Space Museum?

a. 9:30 a.m. b. 9:45 a.m. c. 10:00 a.m.

2. When will the students in Group B see the Jupiter exploration exhibit?

a. 10:15 a.m. b. 11:00 a.m. c. 12:30 p.m.

3. What exhibit will the students in Group A see last?

a. Frontiers of Flight b. Jupiter c. Wright Brothers

4. What exhibit will the students in Group B see first?

a. Apollo 11 b. Frontiers of Flight c. Wright Brothers

On Your Own Use what you know about graphic sources as you read “The Fastest Woman in the World.”

Home Activity Your child reviewed using graphic sources to gather information. Look in the newspaper for a movie schedule, or online for a rapid transit schedule. Together, interpret the schedule.



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The Fastest Woman in the World

Champion runner Wilma Rudolph did more than just win Olympic medals. She also overcame numerous challenges to become the fastest

woman of her day. However, she didn’t do it alone.

Wilma was born in 1940 in Tennessee. Her father worked as a porter and handyman for the railroad. Her mother cleaned houses and cooked for wealthy families. Although her parents worked hard, they were very poor.

Wilma faced many hardships. First, she was born premature and weighed only 4.5 pounds at birth. As she got older, she suffered from many illnesses, such as measles and mumps. During the 1940s, because of prejudice in American society, black people were not allowed to go to the same hospitals as white people. They were allowed to see only African American doctors. Because the only black doctor was miles away, Wilma’s mother often cared for her daughter at home.

When Wilma was seven, her mother noticed something wrong with Wilma’s left leg. It was weak and deformed. She took her daughter to the hospital. Wilma had polio, which is a disease that can lead to paralysis, and there was no cure.

The nearest hospital that would treat Wilma was 50 miles away. Wilma’s mother was determined to help her daughter. She took Wilma to the hospital twice a week for two years. Finally, Wilma was able to walk with the help of a metal brace. However, the hospital bills were expensive. Wilma’s family could no longer afford the visits. Wilma’s mother began to treat Wilma at home. She massaged Wilma’s leg every night after she came home from work. Wilma’s brothers and sisters helped too. They gave Wilma words of encouragement and took turns massaging her leg.

All of the hard work finally paid off. Wilma was finally able to take off her leg braces. She no longer needed them.

Wilma’s older sister Yolanda played basketball in junior high. This made Wilma want to be an athlete. She joined the basketball team and soon became a star player. She set state scoring records and even led her team to a state championship.

Wilma caught the attention of track-and-field coach Edward S. Temple. Temple coached the women’s track team at Tennessee State University. He invited Wilma to the college for a summer sports camp.

Name

Root Words What is the root word of the word numerous?

What is another word you know that contains the same root?

Cause and Effect Underline the sentences that tell why Wilma’s mother had to treat her daughter at home.

Cause and Effect Underline the cause of why Wilma wanted to be an athlete.

Multiple-Meaning Words What does star mean as it’s used in the selection?

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Home Activity Your child read a selection and used comprehension and vocabulary skills from Unit 6. Have your child summarize the selection, identifying statements of fact and opinion, and explaining the graph.

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Wilma soon earned a spot on the U.S. Olympic track-and-field team. She was only 16 years old! She raced in the 1956 Olympic Games in Melbourne, Australia. She won the bronze medal, which is the prize for third place. But Wilma didn’t stop there. Four years later, in 1960, she raced again. This time it was in the Olympic Games in Rome, Italy. She became the first American woman to win three gold medals in the Olympics. She became an international celebrity, and people around the world hailed her as “the fastest woman in history.”

With all of her gold medals, Wilma went back to Tennessee State University. In 1963, she received her bachelor’s degree in elementary education. Later, she worked as a teacher and track coach, and founded the Wilma Rudolph Foundation, an organization to help young athletes. Wilma died in 2004, but her memory continues to inspire people today.

Wilma Rudolph’s Olympic Medals

1956 Olympics 1960 Olympics

Bronze Medal – 4 x 100-meter relay

Gold Medal – 100 metersGold Medal – 200 metersGold Medal – 4 x 100-meter

relay

Multiple-Meaning Words What does hailed mean as it is used in the selection?

Fact and Opinion Is the last sentence of the passage a statement of fact or opinion? Explain.

Graphic Sources According to the graph, for which races did Wilma win a gold medal?

For what event did Wilma win a bronze medal?

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A Heart to Win the Race

Once there lived a king and queen who loved nothing more than a rousing good game. They held jousting tournaments and other

competitions, treasure hunts, and sword fights. And so it was no surprise to the kingdom when the king and queen announced their newest game—a race through the middle of the forest. “The game will begin at dawn,” they declared, “and the winner shall receive a prize worthy of the effort.”

A murmur of excitement ran through the kingdom. What worthy prize might somebody win?

When the next day dawned, the crowds were waiting. The empire was full of many swift runners, but the one favored to win was the king’s best archer, Solomon. It was said that he could outrun the wind until it grew tired and faint.

Solomon was as proud as a peacock and as brash as a bull. He stood with the others at the edge of the forest, eager for the race to begin. He was so confident of his victory, in fact, that he laughed in the faces of the other contestants.

“You!” he called, pointing to a small girl. “What makes you think you can win this competition?”

The girl’s name was Laurel. She was the woodsman’s daughter. “My papa,” she said, “is very sick. The prize from this race will surely make him better.”

If Laurel thought this news would melt Solomon’s heart, she was sorely mistaken. “I’m sorry for your troubles, little girl,” Solomon said. “But that won’t stop me from winning this competition.” And with that, he dug his heels in and waited for the race to start.

As the daughter of a woodsman, Laurel thought of the forest as her own backyard. She knew her way through the trees and hoped this would help her win.

“Ready?” cried the king. “Begin!” cried the queen.

The runners sprinted forward into the dark forest. Laurel raced lightly through the trees. She bore a striking resemblance to a fleet-footed deer.

Unfamiliar Words What do you think rousing means?

Underline the nearby words that help you understand the meaning of rousing.

Sequence Who is favored to win the race before the competition began?

Generalize Look at the fourth paragraph. Underline the generalization that people made when they talked about Solomon.

Unfamiliar Words What do you think sprinted means?

Underline the nearby words that helped you understand the meaning of sprinted.

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Home Activity Your child read a selection and used comprehension and vocabulary skills from Unit 6. Have your child retell the selection, focusing on the characters and events in the plot.

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She was halfway through the forest when a voice cried out in pain, “Little girl, please! I am trapped and need your help.”

Laurel ran to find a bright red falcon caught in a net. She wanted desperately to win the king and queen’s race, but she couldn’t leave the bird behind. “The hunter will surely kill you when he finds you,” Laurel said, “but I will set you free.” Quickly, she untied the knots in the net and let the bird escape. As Laurel was about to leave, she thought she noticed a man’s face lurking behind the trees. But when she looked again, the face was gone.

Soon she came to a forest stream and skipped over the rocks. She was just about to continue on her way when another voice called out shrilly. “Little girl, please! I am drowning in the current!” Laurel stooped down to see a small mouse clinging to a twig in the water. She longed to dash ahead but she couldn’t leave the helpless thing behind. Pulling off her shoes, she waded into the water and gently lifted the mouse from the stream. “All safe now,” she said, hurrying down the path. As she ran, Laurel thought she saw another face in the distance, this time a woman’s. But when she rubbed her eyes and looked again, the face had vanished from sight.

The trees were beginning to thin as Laurel approached the edge of the forest. “Perhaps I can still win,” Laurel said to herself. “Papa is counting on me.” Ahead, she could see the crowd waiting for the first runner’s arrival. As swift as a fox, she darted through the woods, but alas, she was too late. She ran to the crowd just in time to see Solomon crossing the finish line. Her dreams of winning the race disappeared.

“Give me my prize!” Solomon commanded. Short of breath and with a weary heart, Laurel looked at the king and queen. Only then did she notice the red falcon sitting on the king’s shoulder and the mouse resting in the queen’s hands.

“The prize,” the king said with a wry smile, “goes not only to the fastest, but also to the kindest.” The queen beckoned to Laurel. “My dear,” she said, “for your fortitude and grace, accept this gold, and may it serve you well.”

Sequence Who lost the race but won the prize at the end of the story?

Generalize Write the generalization the king makes in the final paragraph of the story.

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