let’s argue! unit 1: argument. gender stereotypes on the erasable board, write an m (for male) or...

LETS ARGUE! UNIT 1: ARGUMENT

GENDER STEREOTYPES On the erasable board, write an M (for male) or F (for female) for which gender best fits the stereotype. Talks a lot Is insensitive Physically strong Emotional Curious Annoying Lies Bossy Crazy Jealous

SATIRE The use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other issues. (Google) Satire is a genre of literature, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, ideally with the intent of shaming individuals, corporations, government or society itself, into improvement. (Wikipedia) A way of using humor to show that someone or something is foolish, weak, bad, etc.; Humor that shows the weaknesses or bad qualities of a person, government, society, etc. (Merriam-Webster) *What words do you see repeated throughout?

SATIRE

ALLUSION An expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference. (Google) Allusion is a brief and indirect reference to a person, place, thing or idea of historical, cultural, literary or political significance. It does not describe in detail the person or thing to which it refers. It is just a passing comment and the writer expects the reader to possess enough knowledge to spot the allusion and grasp its importance in a text. (literarydevices.net) The most commonly alluded to texts are The Bible and Shakespeares plays. (FYI)

EXAMPLES Chocolate is my Achilles heel. Harriet Tubman is considered the Moses of her time. Eric and Rachel are star-crossed lovers.

JUXTAPOSITION The fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect. (Google) Juxtaposition is a literary technique in which two or more ideas, places, characters and their actions are placed side by side in a narrative or a poem for the purpose of developing comparisons and contrasts. (www.literarydevices.net)www.literarydevices.net Juxtaposition is the act or placement of two things (usually abstract concepts) near each other for the purpose of highlighting their differences. (Wikipedia; Robinson)

JUXTAPOSITION

MARK TWAIN Samuel Clemens (1835-1910) His father and uncle owned slaves; Clemens would spend his time listening to the slave stories and folklorehe used the stories in his own writing later. Quit school after 5 th grade; went to work for a local newspaper, where he penned the name Mark Twain. First story: Jim Smiley and His Jumping Frog It was a hit!; Hired to write about his travels; his tales were also a hit! It was love at first sight between Clemens and his wife, Olivia (Livvy); they were married and had their first child, Langdon, after a few years. Eventually they also had 3 daughters. Langdon died of disease. Supposing is good, but finding out is better. -Mark Twain/Samuel Clemens

MARK TWAIN (CONTD) Clemens and family moved to Hartford, CT (You should visit the Mark Twain House!) Clemens writing started getting dark-- political corruption and social criticism, such as Americans greed for money. The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The Prince and the Pauper, A Connecticut Yankee in King Arthurs Court (rich vs. poor); The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (SATIRE on the mistreatment of African-Americans.) Poor business investments caused Clemens to go bankrupt After living in Europe for a while, the family decided to move back to CT until Clemens oldest daughter died. They never returned to Hartford. Livvy died in Italy; Clemens lived out the rest of his life in Redding, CT He died at 74.

ADAM & EVE Paradise Bible Serpent God Rib Sin Fruit First

LETS PUT IT ALL TOGETHER!

ESSENTIAL QUESTION How much do others affect who we are, individually? Which is more importantthe needs of the individual or the needs of the society? Is conflict inevitable among individuals and society? *After reading The Diaries of Adam and Eve, by Mark Twain, choose one of these questions and write an informal answer in your journal.

SULA BY TONI MORRISON A few things to discuss first Symbolism What does a rose symbolize?

THE ROSE THAT GREW FROM CONCRETE BY TUPAC SHAKUR Did you hear about the rose that grew from a crack in the concrete? Proving nature's law is wrong it learned to walk with out having feet. Funny it seems, but by keeping it's dreams, it learned to breathe fresh air. Long live the rose that grew from concrete when no one else ever cared.

ROSE After reading The Rose That Grew From Concrete by Tupac Shakur, revisit what a rose can symbolize. What do you notice? Now, with your group, discuss what the American Flag may represent to the person listed on the card you received.

IF YOU WERE ABSENT Think about the difference in interpretation of the symbol (an American Flag) from the point of view of an immigrant, a war veteran, a soldiers widow, a politician, an African- American born in the 1940s, a man fighting in war against our country. What have you learned about symbolism? Symbolism is interpreted based on the context surrounding it and our personal experiences.

LETS DISCUSS Share out what your group discussed. What do you notice? Write a claim in regard to what you learned about symbolism through this activity. Motif: A symbol that is carried throughout the entire text and represents the theme(s) of the text. *What is the difference between symbolism and motif? As we read Sula, keep an eye out for Sulas birthmark, fire, water and birds! (Are they symbols or motifs?)

DICTION: THE CHOICE OF WORDS AN AUTHOR USES IN ORDER TO BEST FULFILL HIS/HER PURPOSE. What is the difference in connotation (the implied or suggested meaning) between the following? GirlLadyWoman

LETS TRY A FEW MORE Flew vs. Flitted vs. Soared Love vs. Passion vs. Romance vs. Sex Boy vs. Guy vs. Man Youthful vs. Childish vs. Immature vs. Juvenile Slim vs. Skinny vs. Slender vs. Thin Inquisitive vs. Interested vs. Curious vs. Nosy Confident vs. Secure vs. Proud vs. Arrogant Lovely vs. Hot vs. Beautiful vs. Stunning vs. Cute Talkative vs. Conversational vs. Chatty vs. Extrovert

TONI MORRISON http://www.biography.com/people/toni-morrison-9415590 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_8Zgu2hrs2k The Harlem Renaissance http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/harlem-renaissance

Argument

HOW TO STRUCTURE AN ARGUMENT Introduction - gains readers interest and willingness to read (or listen) -establishes your qualifications to write about your topic -establishes some common ground with your audience -demonstrates that youre sane and fair -STATES YOUR CLAIM! *More on this coming up

The Toulmin Argument (This is what most English teachers are looking for fyi) CLAIM: the argument you wish to prove *Must be both arguable and provable! QUALIFIERS: any limits you place on your claim REASONS/EVIDENCE: support for your claim WARRANTS: underlying assumptions that support your claim BACKING: evidence for your warrants ******************* My claim is true, to a qualified degree, because of the following evidence, which make sense if you consider the warrant, backed by these additional reasons. WARRANT ISNT JUST A CHEEZY HAIR BAND FROM THE 80 S !

LETS PRACTICE WRITING A CLAIM Claim: The federal government should support the arts. You need reasons to support this claim, so change it to present the issue as a matter of values. Revised claim: The federal government should support the arts because it also supports the military. Better? Lets try it with the warrant. Warrant: If the federal government can support the military, then it can also support other programs. The warrant seems weak: you can hear a voice over your shoulder saying, So, what youre saying is that because w pay for a military, we should pay for everything! Lets revise. Revised claim: If the federal government can spend huge amounts of money on the military, then it can afford to spend moderate amounts on the arts program. (This will lead to a new warrant, as well) Revised warrant: A country that can fund expensive programs can also afford less expensive programs.

ONE MORE Claim: The federal government should ban smoking. Qualifier: The ban would be limited to public spaces. Evidence: Smoking causes serious diseases in smokers. Nonsmokers are also endangered by secondhand smoke. Warrants: The Constitution promises to promote the general welfare. Citizens are entitled to protection from harmful actions by others. Backing: The United States is based on a political system that is supposed to serve the basic needs of its people, including their health. Some things to consider -Numbers of deaths attributed to secondhand smoke -Lawsuits recently won against large tobacco companies -The need for reparation for smoking-related health care costs Authority to include: Citing he Surgeon General Possible rebuttal: Smokers have rights too.; Smoking laws should be left to the states Responses: The ban applies to public places; smokers can smoke in private

DO NOW WRITE AN INTRODUCTION FOR AN ESSAY ANSWERING THE FOLLOWING QUESTION: Should parents lie to their children about figures such as The Tooth Fairy and Santa Claus? *You may use your notes from last class. Homework: Write an introduction answering the following question: How has society changed since the Harlem Renaissance?

HOW TO STRUCTURE AN ARGUMENT Body -(background) presents information, including personal narrative, thats important to your argument -(lines of argument) presents good reasons, including logical and emotional appeals, in support of your claim -(alternative arguments) examines alternative points of view and opposing arguments; notes the advantages and disadvantages of these views; explains why your view is better than others

ORGANIZATION WHATS THAT? In your groups, organize the piles. Do NOT ask questions Just organize them in the way YOU, as a group, feel is correct. Whats the lesson here? There is no right or wrong way to organize your essay as long as it makes sense (is logical) in some way.

Tone - Mood-

TONE VS MOOD Fancy Dive By Shel Silverstein The fanciest dive that ever was dove Was done by Melissa of Coconut Grove. She bounced on the board and flew into the air With a twist of her head and a twirl of her hair. She did thirty-four jackknives, backflipped and spun, Quadruple gainered, and reached for the sun, And then somersaulted nine times and a quarter- And looked down and saw that the pool had no water. What is the subject of the poem? What is the authors attitude toward the subject? How does the author want us, the reader, to feel about the subject?

SAY WHAAAAT? How does diction contribute to the tone and mood? Before we read The Flowers by Alice Walker, fold the paper in half. As you read, circle the words that stand out to you. Lets discuss. Do the same activity for the second half. Lets discuss again. Now, lets read the whole story together. What is the tone? The mood? What do you notice about the diction? How are they all connected?

WALT WHITMAN VS. LANGSTON HUGHES 1. Read the poem you were given. 2. Take note of the words that stand out to you (diction) 3. What does the diction tell you about the tone?

I HEAR AMERICA SINGING WALT WHITMAN I hear America singing, the varied carols I hear, Those of mechanics, each one singing his as it should be blithe and strong, The carpenter singing his as he measures his plank or beam, The mason singing his as he makes ready for work, or leaves off work, The boatman singing what belongs to him in his boat, the deck- hand singing on the steamboat deck, The shoemaker singing as he sits on his bench, the hatter singing as he stands, The woodcutter's song, the ploughboy's on his way in the morning, or at noon intermission or at sundown, The delicious singing of the mother, or of the young wife at work, or of the girl sewing or washing, Each singing what belongs to him or her and to none else, The day what belongs to the dayat night the party of young fellows, robust, friendly, Singing with open mouths their strong melodious songs.

let’s argue! unit 1: argument. gender stereotypes on the erasable board, write an m (for male) or...

Documents

juxtaposition slide

satire slide

argument slide

fyi slide

mark twainsamuel clemens

wikipedia robinson slide

mark twain contd clemens

mark twain samuel clemens