lessons learned from past notable disasters. japan. part 2: typhoons, floods, and landslides
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LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. JAPAN. PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES. Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA . NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK. EARTHQUAKES/TSUNAMIS. GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE. TYPHOONS. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS.
JAPAN. PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS,
AND LANDSLIDES
Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna,
Virginia, USA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE JAPAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK COMMUNITIES AT RISK
EARTHQUAKES/TSUNAMIS
TYPHOONS
FLOODS
LANDSLIDES
VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS
GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
GOAL: DISASTER GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TYPHOONS
THE JAPAN’S IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL
JAPAN’SJAPAN’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIES
JAPAN’SJAPAN’S
COMMUNITIESCOMMUNITIESDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATIONDATA BASES DATA BASES AND INFORMATIONAND INFORMATION
HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS
•TYPHOON HAZARDS•BLDG. INVENTORY•VULNERABILITY•LOCATION
TYPHOON RISK TYPHOON RISK
RISK
ACCEPTABLE RISK
UNACCEPTABLE RISK
GOAL: TYPHOON GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCEDISASTER RESILIENCE
• PREPAREDNESS•PROTECTION•EARLY WARNING•EMERGENCY RESPONSE•RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
POLICY OPTIONSPOLICY OPTIONS
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS)
• WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)]
• DEBRIS
• STORM SURGE/FLOODS
• HEAVY PRECIPITATION/FLOODS
• LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS)
• COSTAL EROSION
WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE
TYPHOONSTYPHOONS
UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM
FLYING DEBRIS
STORM SURGE
IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN
SITING PROBLEMS
FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
“DISASTER LABORATORIES”
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT
ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OFF OF NON-ENGINEERED BUILDINGS.
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS.
• DISASTER-INTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORM-ATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL TYPHOONS• CAPACITY FOR
INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
With heavy storm surge, rain, and winds of 160 mph, Vera slammed
into the southeastern coast of Japan in Wakayama Prefecture and then proceeded northeast across
Honshū, causing widespread wind damage and flooding
LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN
FLOODSFLOODS
INUNDATION
INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS
STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER
WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS)
EROSION AND MUDFLOWS
CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
CAUSES OF RISK
CAUSES OF RISK
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
TYPHOON TALAS
• Talas, which left 26 dead, was the worst to hit Japan since 2004, when 98 people were killed or reported missing.
TYPHOON TALAS
• One-half million were advised to evacuate to shelters
• Thousands were stranded as rain washed out bridges, railways and roads and landslides blocked access
SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES
LANDSLIDESLANDSLIDES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES
SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS
SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS
PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING
GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CAUSES OF DAMAGE
CASE HISTORIESCASE HISTORIES
GUCHOL: A CAT I STORM
• Guchol caused heightened concerns for safety at the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant, damaged earlier in the March 2011 earthquake and tsunami.
GUCHOL: A RAINMAKER
• High waves, heavy rain (9 cm/hr) and strong winds impacted the south coast of Honshu as far east as Nagoya and the Izu peninsula, southwest of Tokyo.
• Evacuation advisory issued for 10,000 residents.
JAPAN: IMPACTS OF SANBA
• Heavy rain and high velocity winds impacted southwestern Japan.
• The rain caused flooding and landslides.
• 67,000 homes in Japan lost power.
The wind field that reached 300 kph when Typhoon Jelawat jumped over
Okinawa decreased to 120 kph when it reached Tokyo .
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
• ALL NATURAL HAZARDS
• CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION
POLICY POLICY ADOPTIONADOPTION
RISK ASSESSMENT
• VULNERABILITYVULNERABILITY
• EXPOSUREEXPOSURE
• EVENTEVENT
POLICY ASSESSMENT
• COSTCOST
• BENEFITBENEFIT
•CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES
TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCERESILIENCE
TYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONSTYPHOONS EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS
EXPECTED EXPECTED LOSSLOSS