lessons from past notable earthquakespart ii kobe, japan 1995
DESCRIPTION
Earthqakes are dynamic laboratories for learning and catalysts for building capacity for disaster-intelligent & disaster-resilient communites.TRANSCRIPT
LESSONS FROM PAST NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
PAST NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
KOBE, JAPAN
JANUARY 17, 1995
EARTHQAKES ARE DYNAMIC LABORATORIES FOR
LEARNING AND CATALYSTS FOR BUILDING CAPACITY
FOR DISASTER-INTELLIGENT & DISASTER-RESILIENT
COMMUNITES
KOBE
Kobe, a city of 1.5 million, was devastated as buildings and infrastructure of all types and ages, constructed in accordance with various codes/standards, FAILED.
OCCURRENCE
THE KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE
Mw 6.9
Depth: 24 km (15 miles)
5:46 am
Epicentral intensity (MMI) of IX to XI (approximately 0.5g)
SUMMARY OF IMPACTS
Ground shaking, ground failure, and fires together destroyed over 150,000 buildings and infrastructure, leaving an estimated 300,000 homeless.
The direct economic loss--- at least $200 billion; indirect ??.
SUMMARY OF IMPACTS
The earthquake resulted in more than 6,000 deaths and over 30,000 injuries.
600 Fires following the earth-quake incinerated the equivalent of 70 U.S. city blocks.
KOBE, JAPAN EARTHQUAKE
The Kobe earthquake was NOT the typical subduction zone earthquake of the region. It was generated by slip on the Median Tectonic Line (a strike-slip fault).
IMPACTS
BUILDINGS
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE STRONG GROUND MOTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
IMPACTS ON INFRA-STRUCTURE
The Hanshin Expressway, an elevated highway system, collapsed, and other lifeline systems failed as a result of the strong ground shaking.
HANSHIN EXPRESSWAY
The elevated section of the Hanshin motorway connecting Osaka to Kobe collapsed in three places.
50 cars went off the edge and a bus was left hanging over the edge.
IMPACTS
Loss of function, utility outages, and fires were widespread due to wide spread ground failures (liquefaction and lateral spreads).
IMPACTS
Loss of function in the Port of Kobe caused Kobe to lose its position as the world’s 2nd largest container shipper.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
DIMENSIONS OF THE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION PROCESSES
After a slow initial start during the first 12 hours after the earthquake happened, emergency response by the central and prefecture governments was rapid and efficient
DIMENSIONS OF THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE
600 active fires, without adequate water to fight them, slowed Kobe’s emergency response.
FIRE IN KOBE
DIMENSIONS OF THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Damaged gas lines, water lines, and highway systems (e.g., Hanshin Expressway) slowed search and rescue efforts and limited emergency assistance.
DIMENSIONS OF THE EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Hundreds of people trapped under the rubble of collapsed houses and buildings were rescued.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE
ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES
CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
DIMENSIONS OF THE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION PROCESSES
Recovery was fast for such a major disaster.
Major reconstruction was accom-plished in just one year .
DIMENSIONS OF THE RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION PROCESSES
Kobe Port was unable to recover its former position in the world.
Building codes and lifeline standards were improved significantly during the reconstruction phase.
Exceeding expectations, major reconstruction was accomplished in one year.
MANY SOURCES OF INFORMATION
DOCUMENTS AND REPORTS PREPARED INDIVIDUALLY AND
JOINTLY BY USA AND JAPANESE AGENCIES, EERI, AND
EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS