Lesson SixDeveloping Paragraphs

QuizSelf Assessment

Write your name and student number at the top of your paper.

Do not cheat.

You will hand in your quiz after we are finished.

1. What are the three elements of the writing triangle.

2. Which of the following relates to the Paradigmatic Dimension of language?

a.) syntax b.) horizontal dimension c.) cultural d.) choice of words

3. Standard words are usually…

a.) common words b.) jargon c.) idiomatic expressions d.) dialect

4. _______ phrases rename nouns or nouns phrases (give definition like details)

a.) participle b.) appositive c.) absolute d.) relative

5. When defining Rhetoric, it can be safe to assume that Rhetoric is both a _____ and an _____. Hint: Something you learn

Elements of a Paragraph

1. Topic Sentence

2. Unity

3. Coherence

4. Adequate Development

Developing ParagraphsDeveloping paragraphs is about thinking and

logic. We must logically order our thoughts and present them clearly to our readers.

(Pg. 91)

Developing ParagraphsWhen deciding how to develop a paragraph, it is important to look at your topic sentence and ask

yourself the following questions:

“What do I expect to see next?”

“What is the most logical way to present this information based on the topic sentence?”

Developing Paragraphs

Development by:1. Time

2. Process3. Space

4. Example5. Comparison and Contrast

6. Cause and Effect7. Classification

1. Development by Time

Using Time to develop paragraphs simply means putting supporting evidence in a chronological order.

Transitional words to show time: after, afterward, as, as long as, as soon as, at last, before, during, earlier, finally, formerly, immediately, later, meanwhile, next, since, shortly, subsequently, then, thereafter, until, when, while

2. Development by Process

Development by Process usually displays supporting evidence to the topic sentence by giving step-by-step instruction, description, and details.

3. Development by Space

Provides supporting detail of any space that a writer wishes to describe.

Example: Describing your hometown.

To show place or direction: above, below, beyond, close, elsewhere, farther on, here, nearby, opposite, to the left (north, etc.)

4. Development by Example

Giving certain examples that help develop or explain the topic of the paragraph.

To give examples: for example, for instance, in fact, specifically, that is, to illustrate

5. Development by Comparison & Contrast

Occurs when the writer wishes to show similarities and dissimilarities.

To compare: also, in the same manner, likewise, similarly To contrast: although, and yet, at the same time, but, despite, even though, however, in contrast, in spite of, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, though, yet

6. Development by Cause & Effect

Cause and Effect often takes topic sentences(TS) and states different causes involved with the TS and the effects those have over the general idea.

7. Development by Classification

Classification simply defines the topic sentence by placing or categorizing the subject for further meaning.

Developing ParagraphsDeveloping paragraphs is about thinking and

logic. We must logically order our thoughts and present them clearly to our readers.

Developing ParagraphsWhen deciding how to develop a paragraph, it is important to look at your topic sentence and ask

yourself the following questions:

“What do I expect to see next?”

“What is the most logical way to present this information based on the topic sentence?”

Create a Topic Sentence

List effective methods towards development

Explain why the effective method is appropriate and what type of details might you use in supporting your topic sentence.

State, explain, and describe to a general academic audience one social problem that can be fixed during your lifetime.

Overpopulation in China

Developing ParagraphsTo show addition: again, and, also, besides, equally important, first (second, etc.), further, furthermore, in addition, in the first place, moreover, next, too To give examples: for example, for instance, in fact, specifically, that is, to illustrate To compare: also, in the same manner, likewise, similarly To contrast: although, and yet, at the same time, but, despite, even though, however, in contrast, in spite of, nevertheless, on the contrary, on the other hand, still, though, yet

To summarize or conclude: all in all, in conclusion, in other words, in short, in summary, on the whole, that is, therefore, to sum up To show time: after, afterward, as, as long as, as soon as, at last, before, during, earlier, finally, formerly, immediately, later, meanwhile, next, since, shortly, subsequently, then, thereafter, until, when, while To show place or direction: above, below, beyond, close, elsewhere, farther on, here, nearby, opposite, to the left (north, etc.) To indicate logical relationship: accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, for this reason, hence, if, otherwise, since, so, then, therefore, thus

Writing Assignment

State, explain, and describe to a general academic audience one social problem that can be fixed

during your lifetime.Due in 2 weeks

Underline the topic sentence of each paragraph.

Writing Assignment

DefinitionSocial: of or relating to human society, the

interaction of the individual and the group, or the welfare of human beings as members of society

Writing Assignment

Hints: •What is the problem?

•Does it affect the whole world or just a specific region/location?

•What is the history of this problem? •What is the current situation of this problem?

• Whom does it affect? •Why is it a problem?

•What can you do to solve it in your lifetime?

Reading AssignmentFinish reading Chapter 4.