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Name__________________ Due Date_____________

Each day your group will be working at one of 5 stations. Your goal is to work efficiently and together to complete the whole section. Follow the directions at the end and create a graphic organizer in your notebook that summarizes each section. If this cannot be done during class it will have to be done for homework. Take note at the end of the fifth packet is the grading rubric and an individual assignment.

STATION 1 AMERICAN SYSTEMDOCUMENT A1 & A2

1. What are some of the ways children are treated in the mills?

American History 1820’s to Civil War

Station Activity

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2. Since England produces cloth cheaper, what should the government do to protect American businesses?

Protect American cloth industry by taxing English cloth

3. Explain a tariff and how it is used?A tariff is a tax on imported goods. Congress passes Tariff Act of 1816, applies duties of 20-25% on manufactured goods and 15-20% on raw materials

4. How did tariffs contribute to sectionalism (the division between North, South & West)?North – liked the tariff they sold more and it protected their industriesSouth - hated tariff because it drove up the cost of goods they needed and England put a tax on American goods in return

5. How did S. Carolina respond to the tariffs of 1828 and 1832?Called the 1828 tariff the Tariff of Abominations! Declared the tariff null and void within S. Carolina

DOCUMENT B6. What was Fulton’s improvement to an invention and how did it improve

the U.S. in the 1800’s. He took a steam powered engine and made the Clermont, 1807 a steamboat that ferried passengers up and down the Hudson between NYC and Albany. Transported people and goods!

7. How else would the steam engine be adapted, and what effect would it have on industrialization?Trains, cranes, shipping, subs – led to the RR boom, transcontinental RR and fueled all machines of the Industrial Revolution

DOCUMENT C & D8. Using the map, which section North, South or West of the U.S. was more

affected by the roads and canal, why? North – industry and urbanization

9. What bodies of water does the Erie Canal connect?Hudson River to Lake Erie

10. Explain how the Erie Canal unified the United States.It connects the East with the West (Midwest now) via the Atlantic Ocean > Hudson, > Erie Canal, > Lake Erie, > Lake Huron, > Lake Michigan, > Lake Superior

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DOCUMENT E

11. How did the Cotton Gin contribute to Westward expansion? Plantation owners could grow more, so they needed more land so they expanded west – Alabama, Mississippi, and Louisiana

12. How did Eli Whitney’s cotton gin affect the economic growth of the South? Slavery?

Expanded Plantations, increased slavery tougher lives for slaves

DOCUMENT F AND G

13. Why did Kentucky offer more opportunities to Clay than Virginia might have?

Lots of lawyers in Virginia and many prominent politicians (Jefferson, Madison, Monroe, Marshall) Kentucky was open to ambitious political minded men

14. How did Clay’s economic and political plan both express his idea of nationalism?He said we are politically free from England but slaves to them economically through trade. He supported tariffs, canals roads to transport goods across the United States

15. How does the canal boom relate to Henry Clay’s American System (nationalism)?Opens up country to transport goods and people!

16. Explain why Clay used protective tariffs.To protect American Industry

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Draw this into your notebook, in each circle give an explanation for each term. Add more pieces of the web if you need to. Change the web if you have a better way to organize.

Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

Clay's American

System1

Nationalism

Roads and Canals

Sectionalism

Inventions

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STATION 2 GOVERNMENT POWERS

Document A McCullough Vs. Maryland (1819)

1. State the issue before the Supreme Court in this case?Can a state tax the Federal government – besides real property?Was the National Bank constitutional?2. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?

State does not have the power to tax the Federal Government that violates Article VI of Constitution & National Bank is Constitutional – Elastic clause

3. Describe how the decision of McCullough v. Maryland increased the power of the federal Government over the States?

Further legitimized the power of Congress to use Elastic Clause and it validates the supremacy of the people collectively over individual states!4. Justice Marshall said: “The power to tax is the power to destroy,” What

did he mean?He meant that a state could tax without any regulations and therefore could destroy the Federal govt.

5. Was the decision in McCullough an example of “Strict” interpretation of “Loose” interpretation of the Constitution?

Loose -

Document B Gibbons Vs. Ogden (1824)

6. State the issue before the Supreme Court in this case?Interstate commerce – NY gave exclusive rights to Ogden for NY waterways. Gibbons right to trade interfered with.

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• Do the laws passed by the New York State Legislature violate the Constitution of the US by their attempt to regulate interstate commerce or are they permissible?

• How should commerce be defined?• Underlying question for the southern states: slavery

7. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?The Supreme court decided that the national government gave Gibbons permission to operate on the waters. This was stronger than the state lawsConstitution is the “Supreme law of the land”

8. Describe how the decision of Gibbons Vs. Ogden increased the power of the federal Government over the States?Commerce is defined as transportation, so Congress can regulate the transport of goods. Strengthens the National governments control

9. How do you think this decision contributed to the expansion of the American National Economy and subsequently the rise of America as an industrial world power?It also allows Congress to build roads, canals, telegraph & RR linesIt promotes expansion

10. How are the issues of this case similar to the problems encountered by states under the Articles of Confederation?

Document C Dred Scott Vs. Sanford (1857)

11. Describe how the decision of Dred Scott V. Sanford increased the power of the federal Government over the States?

Was Scott a citizen of the United States and entitled to sue in Federal court for the protection of his rights? Did Scott’s residence in a free state make him a free man? Was the Missouri Compromise Constitutional

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12. What was the decision of the Court? What was the rationale behind it?

As a person of African descent, Scott was not, and could not be a citizen and so was not entitled to sue in federal court. Slaves = propertyMissouri Compromise was unconstitutional! Congress could not determine where people could bring their property!

13. What effect did the decision have on the slavery issue of westward expansion, or the issues involved in the Missouri Compromise and the Compromise of 1850?

It intensified the issue of slavery and added fuel into the fire of sectionalism

14. Do you feel that the justices made the right decision in this case? Explain?

Document D Are Black People Citizens

15. If the Missouri Supreme Court has already made a decision about Dred Scott’s case, why are we listening to it again?

Because Emerson died and his wife’s brother has rights to her property – he lives in NY and she lives in Missouri

16. What decision do we have to make? Are African Americans citizens – can they sue and do they become free when they enter a free state?

17. According to the Constitution Slaves are counted as population for representation, does this mean they are citizens? Why or why not?No – loophole in constitution

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Draw this into your notebooks add all the vocabulary listed on the folder where is applies, add more pieces of the web if you need to. Change the web if you have a better way to organize.

Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 3 EXPANSION

Gibbons V

Ogden

____________

McCulloch V

Maryland

____________

Dred ScottV

Sanford

______________

Ex. Vocabulary

Cause and Result of Case

INCREASED GOVERNMENTAL

POWERS2

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Document A Trails to the West

1. Using the map scale, figure out the length of each of the following trailsOregon Trail__________2,500___________________________________

California Trail__________500__________________________________

Butterfield Overland Mail_________5,000__________________________

Santa Fe Trail____750 mi________________________________________2. Which trail is the longest and which is the shortest across the west?

Document B Texas Settlers

3. What changes have taken place in Texas since American Settlers moved there?Mexican govt tried to outlaw slavery & import taxes

4. Who wants Texas to become a Mexican state and why?Steve Austin – one of the first families of Texas

5. Give two arguments, stated in the document, why Texas should join the United States. 23,000 people in Texas are US citizens, US main trade partner, US trying to buy it but Mexico was refusing to sell

Document C Westward Ho?

6. List three barriers, shown on the map that settlers faced on the trails going west. Rocky Mts, Arkansas River, Sierra Nevada, Colorado River and desert

7. Give the name of the famous stagecoach route that connected L.A. to St. Louis.Butterfield / Southern Overland

Document D Views of Manifest Destiny

8. What is Manifest Destiny? The belief that it is our destiny (God’s will) that we expand to Pacific

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9. What did President Polk believe the federal government should do if Americans settled in the wild territories beyond the boundaries of the U.S.? “We have the duty of protecting them wherever they may be upon our soil!”

Document E The Mexican War

14. Why did Polk think the only solution was war?He had tried to buy CA from Mexico, but they would not even meet with his emissary - war was only way

15. Explain the events that lead to the war with Mexico.Polk sent Zachary Taylor to the Rio Grande to provoke a fight, Mexicans sent a patrol across the river and fired on troops spilling US blood on US soil. Mexico still considered Texas a Mexican Territory

Document F U.S. Government 1846

16. Give two reasons why the U.S. needs the land from the Rocky Mountains to the Pacific Ocean.

Wanted ports at San Francisco and San Diego, Manifest Destiny and we already had the Oregon territory

17. In the last paragraph it states that “ God put it there for us to use”, what concept is this referring to? Manifest Destiny

Document G and G2 National Shapes Foreign Policy/Monroe Doctrine

18. How is Nationalism different from Sectionalism? Nationalism – country more important than regionSectionalism – regions interests come first

19. What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine? Message to Europeans to stay out of the Western Hemisphere

Document H in Text book: read these sections to find out how we acquired these territories.

20. How did the U. S. acquire the following territories?

Florida (p 205 and document G)

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1819 – Adamis _ Onis Treaty - Spain hand it over or we will take it!

Texas Territory (p. 272 and document B) 1838 Texas became an Independent Republic with Sam Houston as President. He offered Texas to US but US said no because of slave issue. 1845 US President Polk annexed Texas. Polk was a slave holder

Oregon Country (p. 265) – 54’40’ or fight Beaver trade had died out so GB was willing to settle the dispute

Mexican Cession (p. 276 and document E) - 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Mexico gets 95 million and we get New Mexico, CA

Gadsen Purchase (p. 276) 1853 10 million

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Draw this into your notebook, add all territories acquired and the dates. Write the definitions for each term, Manifest Destiny/Monroe Doctrine. Change the organizer if you have a better way to organize.Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 4 SECTIONALISM

Manifest Destiny

Lousianna Purchase

1803

Monroe Doctrine

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Document A Advertisement for a slave sale

1. What is being sold and in what state? Slaves SC

Document B 1820 U.S. Congress

2. In 1820, how many slave state and free state are there in the U.S?

11 of each

3. Why does the North want less slave states and the South want more?Control of Congress

Document C Popular Sovereignty

4. What is meant by the term Popular Sovereignty?People of the state should decide for themselves

5. Which state were likely to approve of Douglas’ speech? Which were likely to disapprove?North – NO, South - YES

Document D South Carolina’s Secession Convention

6. During the South Carolina Secession (to break away) Convention of 1860 what matters were addressed? Postal and customs duties

7. In the last line, explain the significants of the Judge Petigru’s remarks. There will be no peace

Document E 1850 U.S. Senator 8. Explain the fugitive slave law and why the south would want it. They

would force Northerners to return run away slaves. Now you would have to go to Canada, they are expensive and property to the Southerners

9. What is an abolitionist and what do they want for the new western states? They want slavery abolished and the west to be free from slavery

Kanas -Nebraska Act

Bleeding Kansas

SC Secession

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Document F Map on the Compromise of 1850

10. According to the map, how many free and slave states existed in 1850?15 of each

Document G A New Proposal Opens Old Wounds

11. Describe the tension that resulted from the Kansas-Nebraska Act. States flooded with people wanting to vote for slave or free -killing each other over the issue

Document H A Nation Begins to Divide

12. From the reading and the maps, what effect did the Kansas- Nebraska Act have on the Missouri Compromise? Negated it -Popular Sovereignty

Document I, J, K Missouri Compromise (1820), Compromise of 1850, Kansas-Nebraska Act

13. Using documents I and B explain the results of the Missouri Compromise? Who gained, who lost? Missouri admitted as a slave state and Maine as a free state. 36 30’ north of the line is free, south of it is slave

14. Using Documents J, F, and C, in the Compromise of 1850 which side seems to have made the greater concessions, why? North – Popular Sovereignty and strict Fugitive slave law

15. Using Documents K and G, explain the results of the Kansas- Nebraska Act and what it meant for the North and South. It divided the territory into 2 states and allowed popular sovereignty North loses battle of slave vs. free

STEPS TOWARDS THE CIVIL WAR

Economic Differences

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850

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Draw this chart into your notes. Give a brief explanation of each term and write the date above the blue line for each term. Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

STATION 5 Domestic Affairs

Document A The People’s President Andrew Jackson

1. How did Jackson get the wound on his face?British officer struck him with a sword during American Revolution because he would not shine his boot

2. Why was it so important that Jackson collected the tariff from South Carolina? To establish Federal power of state power

3. What is Jackson’s reasoning for taking strong action against the Bank of the United States? He believed it hurt the common man in favor of business

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4. What was the problem with the election votes?

Document B Jackson Finally Becomes President

5. Which three states split electoral votes between the two candidates? NY 20, 16 ME 8, 1 MD 6,5

6. Explain how the map tells you which candidate got only one electoral vote form Maine. It is shaded for Adams

7. How would you describe the regions in which Jackson’s strengths were the greatest? South and West

8. Why does it seem natural that Adam’s support came from the region that it did? He was a New Englander from MA

Document C1 and C2 Andrew Jackson: An Enigma

9. What does the description tell about Andrew Jackson, the man?Smart, ambitious, drive

10. Why do you think this article refers to Jackson as “first man of the people to become president”? First President to be elected by all white men instead of just white men who owned land!

11. According to the cartoon, Document C2, what established institutions are being trampled by Jackson? VETO power

12. What hint does this cartoon give that Andrew Jackson may have been responsible for the economic disaster. He killed the bank and no taxes were collected

Document D Expanding Democracy Changes Politics

13. What factors helped Jackson win the 1828 presidential election?Elimination of property for voting all white men 1824 365,000 voted. In 1828 1.1 million voted!Document E Jackson’s New Presidential Style

Andrew Jackson

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Veto

Trail of Tears

Spoil System

Tariff of 1832

Election of 1824

Indian Removal Act

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14. How did Jackson show his commitment to the common people once in office?

Invited common people to inaugurationSpoils system and Kitchen cabinet

15. What is the spoil system? Giving jobs to friends and supporters

Document F Andrew Jackson / The Indian Question

16. Name the two Supreme Court cases and explain if the people of Georgia followed these decisions. Cherokee v. Georgia 1831Worcester v. Georgia – no right to take the Cherokees land

17. What was the “Trail of Tears”? 800 mile trek ¼ of Native Americans died

Document G The Removal of Native Americans

18. Explain the Indian Removal Act ordered by Jackson.Forced relocation to Oklahoma gave land to poor whites

19. How did the removal of Native Americans cause a rift between the executive and judicial branches? Supreme Crt ruled against Federal government and President Jackson refused to enforce it!

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Draw this chart into your notes. Give a brief explanation of each below the term.Stop- check over all your answers with you group members. Discuss any differences.

America Expands and Changes Project1815- 1860

Presentation directions

Directions: You have spent the last several days actively acquiring the knowledge of American history between the years 1815- 1860. This time period saw many developments in five broad thematic categories.

1. Your group is to go to the station where you started and discuss the topics covered by the documents.

2. Each member of the group will choose one of the topics on the station folder and create either a small poster, cartoon, newspaper headline and article or a graphic organizer.

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3. Each of the pieces must include 3 facts, the date of event or era, and a question about the theme of the document (s)

4. Members MUST be prepared to present in class the following day. Each member of every group will place their piece on a class timeline and discuss the event and question.

5. Grading for entire project:

A. Packets from stations 50 points

B. Graphic Organizers 25 points of each section

C. Presentation pieces 25 points for the timeline.