1. TEACHING MANUALName of the teacher : Vidya P.Pillai Standard : IX.BName of the school : N.S.S.B.H.S, Pandalam Strength : 43/43Subject : Biology Age : 14Unit : The chemical changes of foodLesson : Movement of food through Date : 27/06/14Oesophagus and digestion in Duration : 45 minStomachCurricular statementDevelops different dimensions of knowledge, process skills and attitudes onthe movement of the food through oesophagus and digestion in stomachthrough lecture method, group discussion and evaluation by questioning.Content analysisNew terms: Oesophagus, stomach, peristalsis, gastric gland, gastricjuice, pepsinFacts: 1. Food from the mouth moves in to the stomach throughoesophagus.2. Oesophagus and small intestine are tubular organs.3. Food passes through the oesophagus by wave likemovement called peristalsis.4. Stomach is a J shaped sac.

2. 5. The process of digestion inside the stomach takes 4-5 hrs6. The gland present in the stomach is the gastric gland.7. Gastric gland secretes gastric juice.Minor concept: 1. Movement of food through oesophagus2. Chemical changes of food in stomachMajor concept: Peristalsis is a wave like movement of the walls ofoesophagus by which food passes from the mouth into the stomach where the mechanical and chemicaldigestion of food takes place with the help ofsecretions of gastric glands.Learning objectives: The pupil,1. recalls the structure of alimentary canal2. recognize the movement of food throughoesophagus3. explains the digestive process in stomach4. understands the mechanical and chemicaldigestion of food in stomach5. applies the knowledge in understandinghow the process of digestion takes place6. develops scientific attitude towards thefunction of components of gastric juicePre-requisites : Digestion of food begins in mouth which is thefirst part of alimentary canal.Teaching learning : 1. Chart showing the structure of humanalimentary canalresources 2. Picture on the movement of food throughoesophagus3. Table showing components of gastric juice 3. 4. Text book of STD IX by SCERT, Kerala5. Activity cardsCLASSROOM INTERACTION PROCEDUREEXPECTEDPUPILRESPONSEINTRODUCTIONTeacher make rapport with students by askingquestions related contextual situation.Teacher asking following questions for checking theprevious knowledge. Have you had your breakfast? What happens to the food that you had in themorning?To create a mental disequilibrium or problematicsituation teacher ask following question. For what purpose, the digestion of food takesplace in our body? Which part of our body is responsible for thedigestion of food?For bridging teacher ask the following questions. In which part of the alimentary canal does thedigestion of food begins? What happens to the food after digestion inmouth?YesIt undergoesdigestionFor theliberation ofenergyAlimentarycanalMouthPupil will notable to explain 4. PRESENTATIONACTIVITY ITeacher shows a chart on different parts of humanalimentary canal and asks students to find out the organin to which the partially digested food enters afterdigestion in the mouth.Oesophagus (CB)ACTIVITY IITeacher asks questions to the general class.We know that oesophagus is a tubular organ. Then, howfood passes through this tubular organ in to theStudents givetheir answersCONSOLIDATION Food from the mouth first moves in to thestomach through oesophagus. From the stomach food passes in to the smallintestine. 5. stomach. Observe the picture and find out the answer.Peristalsis (CB)ACTIVITY IIITeacher gives a card containing the story of thestomach to one of the student from the class and askshim to read. Then teacher give some activity cards toeach group and asks student to find out the answers tothe questions in the card relating to the story of thestomach through group discussion.Studentsobserve thepicture and tryto find out theanswer.CONSOLIDATION The special muscles on the wall of theoesophagus contract behind the bowel. The waves of muscular contraction andrelaxation push the bowel forward. The process by which food passes throughthe oesophagus by the wave like movementof muscles is called peristalsis. 6. ACTIVITY CARD QUESTIONS How the food from the mouth reaches thestomach? How mechanical digestion of food takes place instomach? Why it is said that there should be regularintervals between the meals? Which are the organs in alimentary canalresponsible for the mechanical digestion of food?Students listenthe story andtry to answerthe questions inthe card.STORY OF THE STOMACHHay, friends. My name is stomach. I am a part ofthe alimentary canal in your body. I am a J -shaped sac. Digestion of the food that you eat ismy major function. The food you eat reaches methrough the oesophagus in about 8 seconds. Butthe process of digestion in me takes about 4 - 5hours. My constant movements help in the mixingand grinding of food and this is an example formechanical digestion of food. Since I want 4 5hours for the digestive process, you should keepregular intervals between the meals. 7. Mechanical digestion (CB)ACTIVITY IVTeacher shows a table on the components of gastricjuice and asks students to analyze the table.Studentsanalyze thetable.CONSOLIDATION Food from the mouth reaches the stomachthrough oesophagus. The constant movement of the walls of thestomach helps in the mechanical digestion offood. The digestion in stomach takes 4 5 hours.So there should be kept regular intervalsbetween the meals. Mouth and stomach are the organs inalimentary canal responsible for mechanicaldigestion of food. 8. Gland DigestivejuiceComponents FunctionsGastricglandGastricjuiceMucus Protect thewalls of thestomachfrom actionof enzymes.Pepsin Partiallyconvertsproteins into simplerunits calledpeptones.Hydrochloricacid Destroysmicroorganisms in food. Maintain thepH suitablefor digestiveprocess.Gastric juice (CB)CONSOLIDATION The gland present in the stomach is thegastric gland which secretes gastric juice. The components of gastric juice are mucus,pepsin and hydrochloric acid. 9. CHALK BOARD SUMMARYREVIEWREVIEW Explain how food moves through oesophagus? Explain the chemical digestion of food in stomach? Explain the components of gastric juice?FOLLOW UP ACTIVITY Draw a table showing the components of gastric juice and itsfunction.BIOLOGY Std : IX.BDigestion in stomach Str : 43/43 Mouth oesophagus stomach Stomach - Gastric gland gastric juice MucusPepsinHcl