Lesson Outline:Exercise #1 - Basic FunctionsExercise #2 - Phylogenetic TrendsExercise #3 - Case Studies to Compare

Lesson 17b

Throughout the course what you need to master is an understanding of:

• the form and function of structures,

2) the phylogenetic and ontogenetic origins of structures, and

3) the extend to which various structures are homologous, analogous and/orhomoplastic.

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

Exercise #1 List the basic functions of the skull and visceral skeleton :

The function of the neurocranium is:

The function of the dermatocranium is:

The function of the splanchnocranium is:

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

Exercise #2 Describe the evolutionarytrends that we see in the skull andvisceral skeleton - from the fishes tothe birds and mammals:

Neurocranium

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

Exercise #2 Describe the evolutionarytrends that we see in the skull andvisceral skeleton - from the fishes tothe birds and mammals:

Dermatocranium

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

Exercise #2 Describe the evolutionarytrends that we see in the skull andvisceral skeleton - from the fishes tothe birds and mammals:

Splanchnocranium

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

Exercise #3 – Comparisons – For the following structures:

Case 1

sclera

1) state whether these structures are homologous analogousand/or homoplastic.

2) what their function is.

3) what they develop from and what they have evolved from.

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

Exercise #3 – Comparisons - For the following structures:

Case 2 1) state whether these structures are homologous,analogous and/or homoplastic.

2) what their function is.

3) what they develop from and what they have evolved from.

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

Exercise #3 – Comparisons - For the following structures:

Case 3 1) state whether these structures are homologous,analogous and/or homoplastic.

2) what their function is.

3) what they develop from and what they have evolved from.

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

lower jaw 2nd visceral arch

malleus

Exercise #3 – Comparisons – For the following structures:

Case 4

1) Describe the types of jaw suspension found in each of these groups.

2) what is the significance of the differences we see?

Skull and Visceral Skeleton

Exercise #3

Case 5 How many of the differences in form that you see in this figure can you ascribe to differences in function?

Skull and Visceral Skeleton