Matt Meadows

Writing About Addictions Suppose a friend tells you that he thinkshe is addicted to exercise. He says that he would rather exercise thanspend time with his family or friends, and that he feels very anxiouswhen he does not exercise. After you read the information aboutaddictions on page 85, write a letter to your friend in your health journalabout why you think he needs to get help.

What You’ll Learn1. Identify influences on

personality and describe the different personality types.(p. 83)

2. Discuss ways addictions canaffect health status. (p. 84)

3. Identify types and signs ofaddictions and ways to avoidaddictions. (pp. 85, 87, 88)

4. Discuss codependence. (p. 88)5. Outline categories of mental

disorders, giving examples ofeach. (p. 89)

6. Discuss mental-health servicesand treatment. (p. 92)

7. Identify strategies for copingwith anxiety. (p. 92)

Why It’s ImportantThe stoic philosopher Epictetusonce said, “Men are disturbed notby things, but by the view whichthey take of them.” Having ahealthy mind helps you to take apositive view of things.

k Key Terms• personality• attitude• addiction• perfectionism• formal intervention• relapse• codependence• support group• mental disorder• panic disorder

9

82 UNIT 2 • Mental and Emotional Health

Developing a Healthy Mind

• I will develop healthful personality characteristics.• I will choose behaviors to promote a healthy mind.

You will face many challenges in your life. Some challenges will bemore difficult than others. The way you respond to challenges inyour life is important. Every challenge is an opportunity to learn

about yourself and to develop your potential.

Check Your Personality TypeThere are four dimensions to personality type, including styles of energyfocusing, information gathering, decision making, and work mode.

• How You Focus Energy(E) Extroverted: You areenergized by people andthings.(I) Introverted: You are ener-gized by ideas and images.

• How You GatherInformation(S) Sensing: You trust tangi-ble information that yougather from your senses.(N) Intuitive: You give moreweight to information fromyour insight and imagination.

• How You Make Decisions(T) Thinking: You base your

decisions on objective princi-ples and facts.(F) Feeling: You trust your“gut” and weigh decisionsagainst people issues andconcerns.

• How You Get Work Done(J) Judging: Your approach todoing things is structuredand organized.(P) Perceiving: Your approachto doing things is flexible.You adapt as you do thingsand prefer open-endeddeadlines.

healthmh.com/personality

Heredity Your heredity helps deter-mine your intellectual abilities, tem-perament, and talents. For example,your heredity influences your ath-letic ability and artistic capabilities.It influences the degree to which youare resilient.

Environment Your environment in-cludes everything that is around you.Where you live and the people withwhom you have contact influence yourpersonality. Your environment influ-ences the opportunities you have.

Attitudes The feeling or emotion aperson has toward something orsomeone is an attitude. Your atti-tudes influence your personality.

Behaviors Your behavior is what youdo. What you do influences your personality.

Personality TypeYour personality is different from yourpersonality type. Personality type is aperson’s usual way of focusing energy,gathering information, making deci-sions, and getting work done. It isimportant to know and understandyour personality type because it helpsyou understand yourself. You get abetter grasp of how you approach andrespond to people and things.

An understanding of personalitytype also helps you understand the

people with whom you interact. Yourecognize ways you are different andalike. You understand the preferencesof others.

Lastly, an understanding of person-ality type helps you improve yourchance of working effectively and suc-cessfully with others. Being aware ofyour preferences and those of othershelps you work more efficiently. Youare better able to assign tasks. Youhave a better grasp of what roles peo-ple will play within a group setting.

LESSON 9 • Developing a Healthy Mind 83

An individual’s unique pattern of characteristics is called personality. Your personality

is what makes you different from others. There are many influences on personality,

including heredity, environment, attitudes, and behaviors.

What to Know About Personality

Source: Adapted from research by Carl Jung and the Meyers Briggs model of personality.

Acompelling desire to use a drug or engage in a specific behavior,

continued use despite negative consequences, and loss of control is an

addiction. Some teens feel a compelling desire to drink alcohol or use

other drugs when they have problems or feel bored, lonely, frustrated, or depressed.

However, people can be addicted to things that are not substance-related, such as

relationships, television, exercise, and shopping.

How Addictions Affect Health Status

An addiction can harm physical health.Using drugs, including nicotine andalcohol, can harm body organs orcause death. Exercising to extremescan cause injury or other health prob-lems. Starving oneself can cause mal-nutrition and death.

An addiction can jeopardize safety.Teens who have a thrill-seekingaddiction take unnecessary risksthat might result in injury anddeath. Teens who use drugs mightchoose unsafe actions and have acci-dents. They might get into fights thatresult in injuries.

An addiction can harm relationships.Teens who have addictions focustheir attention on drugs or on specificbehaviors. This primary focus causesthem to neglect other priorities. Theyneglect relationships. They deny andlie about their addictions.

An addiction can cause problems withthe law. Drinking alcohol and gam-bling, including the purchase of lot-tery tickets, is illegal for minors. Theuse of marijuana, Ecstasy, and otherdrugs also is illegal. Teens mightsteal money to support their gam-bling addiction. All of these thingscan cause legal problems for teens.

An addiction can jeopardize financialhealth. Teens with shopping addic-tion might overspend, borrow creditcards, or steal to pay for purchases.Teens with drug addiction mightspend large amounts of money ondrugs. Teens with gambling addictionmay continue betting when they donot have any more money. This canlead to large amounts of debt thatwill affect the teen’s ability to buy acar or get a loan from a bank forschool in the future.

At Risk for AddictionsTeens who are at risk for developing addictions may have one or moreof the following characteristics:

• depression or a negative self-esteem

• genetic vulnerability• feelings of guilt or shame• traumatic childhoods• feelings of tension, anxiety,

boredom, or loneliness• difficulty expressing feelings• trouble managing anger

• trouble accepting responsibil-ity for their actions

• a constant need for approval• a need to control others• poor coping skills• difficulty with authority figures• difficulty delaying gratification• personal problems that they

deny

84 UNIT 2 • Mental and Emotional Health(tt)Photodisc/Getty Images

Drug addiction The compelling desireto use a drug even though it harmsthe body, mind, or relationships isdrug addiction. Teens with drugaddiction feel the need to drink alco-hol or use other drugs when they areanxious, bored, frustrated, lonely, ordepressed. They depend on alcohol orother drugs to change their moods.They drink alcohol or use other drugsto avoid facing problems and will usu-ally deny that they drink alcohol oruse other drugs for these reasons.

Exercise addiction The compellingdesire to exercise is exercise addic-tion. Teens with exercise addictionmake exercise the main focus of theirlives. They exercise to relieve tensionand to feel in control of their lives.They put their exercise routineahead of family, friends, studying,and other responsibilities. They maypush themselves to the limit andinjure themselves. If they do notexercise, they are depressed, anxious,and unhappy and may have difficultysleeping.

Gambling addiction The compellingdesire to bet money or other things iscalled gambling addiction. Thoughyou may think that a person with agambling addiction spends much ofhis or her time in casinos, there areother ways of gambling that also canbe addictive. Lotteries and sportingevents are two other forms of gam-bling that can be addictive. Teens withgambling addiction often are boredand restless. They get a “high” whenthey place bets. Teens who developgambling addiction can struggle tocontrol the urge to gamble for the rest

of their lives. More than one-third ofteens with gambling addiction haveother addictions as well.

Nicotine addiction The compellingdesire for nicotine is nicotine addic-tion or nicotine dependence. Nico-tine is a stimulant drug found intobacco products, including cigarettesand chewing tobacco. Teens addictedto nicotine may develop their schedulearound smoking or chewing tobacco.They may rely on nicotine to wake upin the morning. They may smoke orchew to relieve tension or boredom.

Perfectionism The compelling desireto be flawless is perfectionism.Perfectionists are overly critical ofthemselves and of others. Nothing isever good enough for them. Perfec-tionism is the result of feeling inade-quate and insecure. Some teensbecome perfectionists because adultshad unrealistic expectations of themduring their childhood.

Relationship addiction The compel-ling desire to be connected to anotherperson is relationship addiction.Teens with relationship addiction userelationships like they would drugs.When they feel depressed or inse-cure, contact with a specific persongives them a quick fix. But they feelbetter only for a brief time. They needthe other person to “fill up” theiremptiness. They feel a constant needto be with this other person. Teenswith relationship addiction often aredescribed as being needy. The personwith whom they have a relationshipfeels suffocated and drained ofenergy.

LESSON 9 • Developing a Healthy Mind 85healthmh.com/addictions

A Teen’s Guide to AddictionsMake theConnectionAlcoholism For more information onalcoholism, see page419 in Lesson 37.

Shopping addiction The compellingdesire to purchase things is calledshopping addiction. Teens withshopping addiction may describethemselves as “born to shop” and may“shop ’til they drop.” These teens areinsecure. Shopping gives them aquick fix for depressed feelings.Salespeople may give them specialattention. They feel in control andpowerful when they make purchases.After a shopping spree, they oftenfeel guilty. Shopping addiction canlead to severe emotional and finan-cial problems.

Television addiction and computeraddiction Some teens are addicted totelevision or computers. Televisionaddiction is the compelling desire to watch television. Computer ad-diction is the compelling desire toplay computer games or engage inother computer activities. Teens withthese addictions plan their schedulesaround television or computer use.They might watch television or be onthe computer six to seven hours a day.

When they become anxious, lonely, orbored, they turn on the TV or the com-puter. They get a quick fix. They areunable to manage their time and getother things done. As a result, theyhave less time to be involved in schoolactivities.

Thrill-seeking addiction The com-pelling desire to take unnecessaryrisks is called thrill-seeking addic-tion. Teens with thrill-seeking addic-tion enjoy scary situations. They arewilling to take dangerous dares.During risky experiences, there arebiochemical changes in the brain thatcan produce a pleasurable sensation.Some teens get hooked on these sen-sations and constantly seek thesechanges. Thrill-seeking becomes aquick fix. Teens with this addictionmay take unnecessary risks andinjure themselves.

Workaholism The compelling desireto work to fill an emptiness is calledworkaholism. Teens who areworkaholics may feel the need towork whenever they are not inschool. This may include excessivestudying. This does not mean that allteens who study and get good gradesare workaholics. It is healthy to setgoals and work hard to reach them.

Teens who have workaholism,however, do not enjoy themselveswhen they are not working or study-ing. Working long hours keeps themfrom dealing with other aspects oftheir lives, such as emotions andrelationships. They need the con-stant praise they may get from work.They get a high from work that helpsthem overcome feelings of depres-sion and are anxious, tense, andupset when they are not working.

86 UNIT 2 • Mental and Emotional HealthEric Fowke/PhotoEdit

Gambling andSubstanceAddictions Peopleaddicted to gamblingare more likely tobecome addicted toalcohol or otherdrugs.

Some teens becomeaddicted to gam-

bling using instantlottery tickets.

Having one or more addictions is aserious threat to a person’s health.Be on the lookout for signs of addic-tions in yourself and in others. Thefollowing suggestions will help yourecognize addictions and get appro-priate treatment.

Stay informed. Review up-to-dateinformation about addictions. Under-stand the causes and treatments ofaddictions.

Review the list of characteristics ofteens who are at risk for developingaddictions. Do any of these character-istics describe you, a friend, or a fam-ily member? If so, what can you do toprotect yourself from addictions?

Recognize addictions in yourself andothers. Seek help or encourage othersto seek help to control their addictions.

Get help for addictions. Teens oftendeny addictions and refuse to gethelp. They may need to be confrontedby parents, guardians, or other car-ing people.

A formal intervention is anaction by people, such as familymembers, who want a person to gettreatment. The people involved in aformal intervention prepare ahead oftime. They might meet with a trainedcounselor. They are prepared to ex-plain to the teen how his or heraddiction affects them.

During a formal intervention,these people confront the teen bysharing their observations. Theyexplain why treatment is needed.

Page 92 in this lesson discussestreatment for addictions.

Teens who have been treated foran addiction may have a relapse.A relapse is a return to a previousbehavior or condition. These teensreturn to their addiction when theyfeel lonely, depressed, or anxious. Toavoid relapse, teens must stick totheir plan for recovery.

Part of any recovery plan for teenswith addictions is to have a supportnetwork. The purpose of a supportnetwork is to allow teens to feelsecure enough to share their feelingsand needs. People in the support net-work also provide encouragement.

LESSON 9 • Developing a Healthy Mind 87healthmh.com/addictionsLaura Sifferlin Photography

What to Do AboutAddictions

Signs of AddictionAny of the following symptoms are signs of addiction:

• having a compelling desire to take a drug or engage in a behavior

• taking a drug or engaging ina behavior instead of dealingwith feelings of anxiety,depression, boredom, or loneliness

• feeling bad about oneselfafter taking a drug or engaging in a behavior

• taking a drug or engaging ina behavior even when thereare negative consequences

• trying to stop taking a drugor engaging in a behavior,but being unable to do so

Sometimes a formalintervention is used toconfront a teen with anaddiction.

People who are codependent areenablers. An enabler is a person whosupports the harmful behavior of oth-ers. For example, an enabler mightlend money to someone with a gam-bling addiction or make excuses for afriend who uses drugs. An enablermight praise someone who exercisesto extremes.

These responses encourage peoplewho have addictions to continue their addictions. People who are code-pendent are unable to share theirfeelings.

People with codependence maybenefit from individual, family, or

group therapy, which will be dis-cussed later in this lesson. They alsomay benefit from being in a supportgroup. A support group is a group ofpeople who help one another recoverfrom an addiction, a particular dis-ease, or a difficult situation.

Recovery from codependence andcodependent relationships involvesdeveloping a better sense of self,learning to share feelings, learning tostay focused on solving one’s ownproblems, allowing other people to beresponsible for their own lives, andusing honest talk to confront peoplewith problems.

Characteristics of CodependentsPeople who are codependent usually:

• deny their feelings• focus on fixing other people’s

problems • try to control other people• feel responsible for what

other people say or do• seek the approval of others• have difficulty having fun

• have difficulty allowing others to care for them

• try to protect others from theharmful consequences oftheir behavior

• do not meet their own needs• avoid living their own lives

by concentrating on otherpeople

88 UNIT 2 • Mental and Emotional Health

Some people get very involved with someone who has an addiction, whether the

person’s addiction is to alcohol, drugs, gambling, work, or another activity. They want to

rescue the person and fix the person’s problems. They become a codependent.

Codependence is a problem in which a person neglects himself or herself to care for, control,

or try to “fix” someone else.

What to Know AboutCodependence

Support groups can help teens with codependence.

Mary Kate Denny/PhotoEdit

LESSON 9 • Developing a Healthy Mind 89Photodisc/Getty Images

Abehavorial or psychological syndrome or pattern that occurs in

an individual and that is associated with distress or disability or

with a significantly increased risk of suffering, death, pain, disability,

or an important loss of freedom is a mental disorder. The causes of mental

disorders can be biological, psychological, and/or behavorial. Biological influences on

mental disorders are caused by genes, physical injuries, and illnesses that affect the brain.

Some causes include strokes, brain tumors, automobile accidents, alcoholism, sexually

transmitted diseases, and meningitis. Psychological influences on mental disorders include

stress, traumatic experiences, and poor coping skills.

A Guide to Mental DisordersAnxiety disorders A disorder inwhich real or imagined threats pre-vent a person from enjoying life is ananxiety disorder. There are severalforms of anxiety disorder.

A chronic or long-lasting state ofanxiety, fear, and tenseness is calledgeneral anxiety disorder (GAD).People with this disorder feel anxiousmost of the time even when there islittle or nothing to worry about. Peoplewith GAD usually have physicalsymptoms, such as fatigue, headaches,muscle tension, muscle aches, diffi-culty swallowing, trembling, irritabil-ity, sweating, increased heart rate,and hot flashes.

A disorder in which a person haspersistent, unwelcome thoughts orimages and engages in certain ritualsis called obsessive compulsive disor-der (OCD). The disturbing thoughtsor images are called obsessions. Therituals performed to try to preventthem are called compulsions. The ritu-als relieve anxiety temporarily, butthey do not cause pleasure. People withthis disorder spend large amounts oftime engaging in the rituals.

A disorder in which feelings of ter-ror strike suddenly and repeatedlywith no warning is called panic dis-order. These feelings are accompa-nied by panic attacks. A panic attackis a period of intense fear accompa-nied by bodily changes. Bodilychanges may include increased heartrate, weakness, faintness, and dizzi-ness. People who have panic disordercan’t predict when a panic attack will occur. Symptoms usually peak in10 minutes, but they may last longer.

A specific phobia is a disorder inwhich there is excessive fear of certainobjects, situations, or people that poselittle or no actual danger.The fear feelsvery real to the person, even though itis not realistic. A panic attack mayoccur when the feared object, situa-tion, or person is near. The causes ofspecific phobias are not well under-stood. Examples of common phobiasare fear of spiders or closed spaces.

A disorder in which a person isoverly anxious and self-conscious ineveryday social situations is calledsocial anxiety disorder, or socialphobia.

Mental Disorders inthe U.S. Each year,roughly 22 percent of the adult U.S.population has adiagnosable mentaldisorder.

1. What is anaddiction?

2. How can a support group help people withcodependence?

3. What are thesymptoms of apanic attack?

Mini-Review

healthmh.com/codependence

Physical symptoms are similar toother anxiety disorders. People withsocial phobia irrationally fear theyare being watched and judged by oth-ers at all times and are terrified ofbeing embarrassed or humiliated bytheir actions. Social phobia can belimited to one situation, such as pub-lic speaking, or it might include allsocial situations.

A disorder in which after-effects ofa terrifying event keep a person fromliving in a normal way is called post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).People with PTSD often have fright-ening thoughts and memories of anevent. They may have nightmaresand disturbing thoughts during theday. They may feel emotionally numb.PTSD can result from any number oftraumatic incidents including events,such as war or abuse, or other causes,such as natural disasters or witness-ing a bombing. Seeking professionalhelp, developing stress-managementskills, and talking to a responsibleadult are ways to cope with anxiety.

Cognitive disorder A disorder in whicha person’s brain deteriorates in func-tion is a cognitive disorder. A diseasein which brain deterioration affectsmemory, language, and reasoning isdementia. Dementia differs from for-getfulness associated with aging, tired-ness, and depression. Dementiaprogresses from mild through severestages and is fatal. Alzheimer’s diseaseis a form of dementia.

Conduct disorder A disorder in whicha person regularly violates the rightsof others and breaks social rules is aconduct disorder. People with con-duct disorder might bully others,start fights, or be cruel to animals.

They might damage property, steal,or set fires. They might be deceitful.These people violate rules and mayhave little remorse for their wrongactions. They also may abuse alcoholand other drugs.

Eating disorders A mental disorderin which a person has a compellingneed to starve, to binge, or to bingeand purge, is an eating disorder. Tobinge is to eat large amounts of foodover a short period of time. To purgeis to rid the body of food by vomitingor by using laxatives or diuretics.People who have eating disorders aremore at risk for depression, anxiety,and substance abuse.

An eating disorder in which a per-son starves his or her body andweighs 15 percent or more below thehealthful weight for his or her ageand gender is called anorexia ner-vosa. People with anorexia typicallyhave a distorted body image, and seethemselves as being overweight eventhough they are overly thin. Theyalso may exercise to extremes, vomit,and use laxatives or diuretics.

An eating disorder in which a per-son binges and then purges is calledbulimia. People with bulimia bingeon foods or eat large quantities offood. They will then purge by vomit-ing or using laxatives or diuretics.

A disorder in which people bingeon large quantities of food is bingeeating disorder. This disorder canincrease a person’s risk for obesityand chronic diseases.

Mood disorders A mental disorderinvolving moods that are extreme is amood disorder. A mood disorder is sometimes called an affectivedisorder.

90 UNIT 2 • Mental and Emotional Health

Make theConnection

Eating Disorders Formore information oneating disorders, seepage 332 in Lesson 29.

A mood disorder called clinicaldepression is characterized by long-lasting feelings of hopelessness, sad-ness, or helplessness. People areconsidered clinically depressed if theyhave not had a recent trauma and stillexperience five of nine general symp-toms for two weeks or more. Generalsymptoms include deep sadness, apa-thy, fatigue, agitation, sleep distur-bances, weight or appetite changes,lack of concentration, feelings ofworthlessness, and morbid thoughts.

A disorder in which a person’smoods vary from extreme happiness toextreme depression is called bipolardisorder. During the manic phase, theperson may experience great joy for noreason and be very talkative and rest-less. During the depressive phase, theperson is in a passive mood, has littleenergy, and may think of suicide. Thisphase ends when the person’s moodswings back to the manic phase.

A type of depression that occurswhen a person has reduced exposureto sunlight is called seasonal affec-tive disorder (SAD). People withthis disorder usually experiencesymptoms during the months whenthere is reduced sunlight. Symptomsinclude increased appetite, decreasedphysical activity, irritability, and gen-eral depression. Special light therapyfor short periods daily will relievemany of these symptoms.

Personality disorders A disorder inwhich a person’s patterns of thinking,feeling, and acting interfere with dailyliving is a personality disorder.

A personality disorder in which aperson’s patterns of behavior are inconflict with society is called antiso-cial personality disorder. Peoplewho are antisocial are often hateful,

aggressive, and irritable.They may be indifferent toothers’ needs and feel noremorse for their actions.

A disorder in which a per-son has sudden changes inmood, relationships, andbehaviors is called border-line personality disorder(BPD). People with border-line personality disorder areimpulsive. Their feelingstoward family and friendscan shift suddenly from loveto anger. They fear aban-donment. Among peoplewith BPD, there is a highrate of self-injury with orwithout suicidal intent.

Schizophrenia A disorder in whichthere is a breakdown in logicalthought processes is called schizo-phrenia (skiht suh FREE nee uh).The breakdown results in unusualbehaviors. People with this disordertend to have hallucinations, delu-sions, and a distorted perception ofreality. Actions, words, and emotionsare confused and usually are inappro-priate. Schizophrenia is not curable,but it can be treated with medication.

Somatoform disorders A disorder inwhich a person has symptoms of dis-ease but no physical cause can befound is a somatoform disorder (soMA tuh form). A disorder in which aperson is constantly worried aboutillness is called hypochondria(hy puh KAHN dree uh). People withhypochondria misinterpret aches,pains, and other symptoms, andworry about developing an illness ordisease although they are assuredthey are healthy.

LESSON 9 • Developing a Healthy Mind 91healthmh.com/mental_disordersMichael Newman/PhotoEdit

1. What causes PTSD?

2. What are the symptoms of clinicaldepression?

3. How isschizophreniatreated?

Mini-Review

Teens with a distortedbody image are at risk for developing an eating disorder.

Many people experience some anxiety and sometimes are apprehensive without

any apparent cause. There are strategies for coping with this kind of anxiety.

However, people who have anxiety disorders, other mental disorders, or addictions,

benefit from treatment.

Treatment for Mental Disordersand AddictionsFormal intervention A formal inter-vention may be needed to help peoplewho deny their condition and refuseto get help.

Evaluation People who have mentaldisorders and addictions may needboth a physical examination and apsychological or psychiatric evalua-tion. A physician can do the physicalexamination, discover or rule outphysical causes for mental disor-ders, and prescribe medication, ifnecessary.

Other professionals, such as psy-chiatrists, psychologists, and socialworkers, also can help. A psychia-trist is a physician who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment ofmental disorders and can prescribemedication. A psychologist is a pro-fessional who specializes in the diag-nosis of and counseling for mentaland emotional problems. This personcannot prescribe medications. A psy-chiatric social worker specializesin working with clients with mentaland emotional problems.

Medication A physician or psychia-trist will determine if a person willbenefit from taking prescription drugs.These drugs can take several weeks tobecome effective, and a person must bemonitored for potential side effectswhile using them.

Inpatient and outpatient treatmentInpatient treatment involves stayingat a hospital or other treatment facil-ity during part or all of their treat-ment. Outpatient treatment involvesliving at home, but visiting a hospi-tal, doctor’s office, or other facility fortreatment.

Therapy After an evaluation, anapproach to treatment is outlined.People who have mental disordersand addictions may benefit from indi-vidual, group, or family therapy, or acombination of these therapies.

Support groups People who havemental disorders and/or addictionsmay benefit from being in a supportgroup. There also are support groupsfor family members and friends.

The Homeless andMental-HealthServices Anestimated 20 to 25percent of homelesspeople suffer frommental illness. TheCenter for MentalHealth Services(CMHS) supportsprograms to assistpeople who arehomeless who sufferfrom mental illness.

92 UNIT 2 • Mental and Emotional Health

9STUDY

GUIDE

k Key Terms ReviewComplete these fill-in-the-blank statements with the lesson Key Terms on the left. Do not write in this book.

Recalling the Facts

1. A(n) _____ is an action by people, such asfamily members, who want a person to gettreatment.

2. _____ is a disorder in which feelings of terror strike suddenly.

3. _____ is an individual’s unique pattern ofcharacteristics.

4. _____ is a problem in which people neglect themselves to care for, control, ortry to “fix” someone else.

5. A(n) _____ is a feeling or emotion towardsomeone or something.

6. A(n) _____ is when someone returns to aprevious behavior or condition.

7. A(n) _____ is a compelling desire to use adrug or engage in a specific behavior,despite negative consequences.

8. The causes of _____ can be biological,psychological, and/or behavioral.

9. _____ is the compelling need to be flawless.

10. A(n) _____ is a group of people who helpone another recover from an addiction, aparticular disease, or a difficult situation.

addictionanxiety disorderattitudecodependenceformal interventionmental disorderpanic disorderperfectionismpersonalityrelapsesupport groupworkaholism

11. What influences personality?

12. How might addictions affect health status?

13. How might a person recover from codependence and having codependentrelationships?

14. What is a cognitive disorder?

15. What are anxiety disorders?

16. What are five signs of an addiction?

17. What are types of treatment for mentaldisorders?

18. What are the main categories of mentaldisorders?

Critical Thinking19. How do anxiety disorders and mood

disorders differ? How are they the same?

20. Would a person in the northern or south-ern U.S. be more likely to suffer from seasonal affective disorder? Explain.

21. If a person looks of normal weight and hasnot lost weight, is it likely that he or shehas anorexia nervosa? Explain.

22. Discuss why codependence is dangerous.

Real-Life Applications23. Why do you think people with schizophre-

nia may have difficulty taking their medica-tions regularly?

24. How do you think behaviors become addictive?

25. Why do you think so many people whohave an addiction are in denial?

26. Why do you think a person with one addic-tion is at risk for other addictions?

Activities

LESSON 9 • Study Guide 93Photodisc/Getty Images

Responsible Decision Making27. Role-Play A community has a lottery

that has grown to over $25 million. A teenplays the lottery every week and is in debt.He asks you to lend him money. Pair upwith another student to role-play this situ-ation. Refer to the Responsible Decision-Making Model on page 61 for help.

Sharpen Your Life Skills28. Advocate for Health Choose one of

the addictions described in this lesson.Prepare a collage of pictures that repre-sents the addiction, including what theaddiction focuses on, as well as possiblehealth consequences of the addiction.Explain your collage to the class.

Visit healthmh.com/study_guide for more review questions.