lesson 3: rocks, minerals, and soil...soil a mixture of rock particles, air, water, and decomposing...
TRANSCRIPT
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Lesson 3: Rocks, Minerals, and Soil
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Igneous Rocks
● Rocks form from molten rock, or magma ● Magma heats up below or inside Earth’s crust. Under heat and pressure, it
can break through to Earth’s surface as lava.● When lava or magma cools, igneous rock forms.
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Sedimentary Rocks
● Sediment is made of particles when dirt, sand, and fossils when they settle into layers in basins or flat surfaces.
● Overtime, the sediment becomes stuck like glue.● Different types of sedimentary rocks include:
○ Sandstone: ribbons of different sand○ Gray or white limestone: bones and shells og seas creatures.○ Conglomerate: chunks of rock glued together by other rock.
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Sandstone
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Limestone
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Conglomerate
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Metamorphic Rock
● Metamorphic rock is formed when particles of other rocks are combined by high pressure and temperature
● It usually develops new crystals.● Example: Marble is made when limestone or chalk is heated and
squeezed.
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Minerals● Rocks are made up of one or minerals● Minerals have properties including color, texture, luster, streak, cleavage,
and hardness. ● Easily observed properties:
○ Luster: How a mineral’s surface reflects light. . Glassy luster is shiny and Metallic luster looks like polished metal. . Luster can be waxy, pearl, chalky, and other lusters.
○ Streak: Color in powdered form.○ Break: Minerals with perfect cleavage break into flat, smooth layers. Other minerals that
break into non flat shapes or splinter.○ Hardness: How easily the surface of a mineral can be scratched.
● Can be sorted into metals (gold and silver) or gems (diamonds)
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Soil
● A mixture of rock particles, air, water, and decomposing matter.● Main rock particles in soil are sand, silt, and clay.● The type of rock particles in soil affect how it drains (water pours
quicker through sandy soil than clay).● Topsoil occurs when air and organic matter (humus) mix
○ RIch topsoil supports plant growth● Soil profile: A cross section of soil under several layers of soil
types