lesson 3-2 click the mouse button or press the space bar to display the information. a sentence...

Lesson 3-2

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information.

• A sentence consists of a subject and a predicate, which together express a complete thought.

• Both a subject and a predicate may consist of more than one word.

Subjects and Predicates

Lesson 3-3


Subjects and Predicates (cont.)

• The complete subject includes all of the words in the subject of a sentence.

• The complete predicate includes all of the words in the predicate of a sentence.

Lesson 3-4


• Not all of the words in the subject or the predicate are of equal importance.


Lesson 3-5


• The simple subject is the main word or group of words in the complete subject.

• The simple subject is usually a noun or a pronoun.

• A noun is a word that names a person, a place, a thing, or an idea.

• A pronoun is a word that takes the place of one or more nouns.


Lesson 3-6


• The simple predicate is the main word or group of words in the complete predicate.

• The simple predicate is always a verb. • A verb is a word that expresses an action

or a state of being. • Sometimes the simple subject is also the

complete subject.

• Similarly, the simple predicate may also be the complete predicate.


Lesson 3-7

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

Exercise 5 Identifying Complete Subjects and Predicates

1. My sister read The Witch of Blackbird Pond.

2. The book was written by Elizabeth George Speare.

3. It describes island life in the 1680s.

4. A young girl is the main character.

5. Kit lived a life of luxury.

In each sentence, underline each complete subject once and each complete predicate twice.

Lesson 3-8


Exercise 6 Identifying Simple Subjects and Simple Predicates

Underline the simple subject and circle the simple predicate from each sentence.

1. Kit traveled far to meet her new family.

2. They were very different from Kit.

3. Kit’s new family worked very hard.

4. The colonists wore plain clothing.

5. Kit’s bright, colorful dresses shocked them.

Lesson 3 CloseSelect a short passage from another text and list the simple subjects and simple predicates of the sentences. Trade papers with a partner and check each other’s work. Discuss any needed revisions.

Close

End of Lesson 3

Click the mouse button to return to the Contents slide.

• To identify subjects in normal and inverted sentences

Lesson 4-1


• To identify and use the pronoun you as an understood subject in requests and commands

Objectives

Lesson 4-2


• Most statements begin with the subject.

Finding Subjects

Lesson 4-3


• Other kinds of sentences, such as questions, may begin with part or all of the predicate.

• The subject comes next, followed by the rest of the predicate.

Finding Subjects (cont.)

Lesson 4-4


• To locate the subject of a question, rearrange the words to form a statement.


Lesson 4-5


• Sometimes statements may have inverted word order.

• In these sentences, the simple or complete predicate comes before the subject.


Lesson 4-6


• In requests and commands, the subject is usually not stated.

• The word you is understood to be the subject.


Lesson 4-7


Rewrite each question as a statement. Underline each complete subject.

Exercise 7 Rewriting Questions as Statements

1. Did Robinson build a house?

2. Did the goats on the island provide fresh milk?

3. Did Robinson plant corn on the island?

4. Did the stranded man carve a canoe out of a tree?

5. Was the weather favorable?

Robinson built a house.

The goats on the island provided fresh milk.

Robinson planted corn on the island.

The stranded man carved a canoe out of a tree.

The weather was favorable.

Lesson 4-8


Exercise 8 Finding Subjects

Underline each subject. Write (You) for any sentence with an understood subject.

1. Did a parrot learn English from Robinson?

2. Many years passed before Robinson’s rescue.

3. Did the time pass slowly without a clock?

4. Robinson explored every part of the island.

5. Read the last chapter for homework.(You)

Lesson 4 CloseWrite a sentence with inverted word order, either a question or a statement. Exchange papers with a partner and rewrite your partner’s sentence in normal word order. Check each other’s work and discuss any needed changes.

Close

End of Lesson 4


• To identify compound subjects and compound predicates

Lesson 5-1


• To use compound subjects and compound predicates correctly and effectively

Objectives

Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates

Lesson 5-2


• Some sentences have more than one subject.

• A compound subject is two or more subjects that have the same predicate.

• The subjects are joined by and, or, or but.

Lesson 5-3


Compound Subjects and Compound Predicates (cont.)

• Other sentences have more than one predicate.

• A compound predicate is two or more verbs that have the same subject.

• The verbs are joined by and, or, or but.

Lesson 5-4



• Some sentences have both a compound subject and a compound predicate.

Lesson 5-5



• When a sentence has three or more subjects or three or more predicates, the word that joins the compound parts usually comes before only the last subject or predicate.

• Notice the position of and in the sentence below.

– Velázquez, El Greco, and Picasso are three famous Spanish painters.

Lesson 5-6


Exercise 9 Identifying Compound Subjects and Predicates

1. Many authors and artists have varied interests.

2. Elizabeth Borton de Treviño researched and wrote the book I, Juan de Pareja.

3. She studied violin and worked at a newspaper.

4. She and Juan knew and valued hard work.

5. Illness and poverty made Juan very weak.

In the sentences below, underline the compound subjects and circle the compound predicates.

Lesson 5 CloseWhy do writers use compound subjects and compound predicates? Jot down in your journal a reminder that summarizes the value of compound structures in writing.

Close

End of Lesson 5


• To identify and use simple, complex, and compound sentences

Lesson 6-1


• To identify and correct run-on sentences in writing

Objectives

Lesson 6-2


Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences

• A compound sentence is a sentence that contains two or more simple sentences.

• Each simple sentence in a compound sentence is called a main clause.

• A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a predicate.

Lesson 6-3


Simple, Compound, and Complex Sentences (cont.)

• Besides a main clause, some sentences have a subordinate clause, one that cannot stand alone as a sentence.

• A complex sentence is a sentence that has one main clause and one or more subordinate clauses.

Lesson 6-4



• When a subordinate clause is not necessary for the sentence to make sense, it is separated from the main clause by a comma or commas.

Lesson 6-5



• A run-on sentence is two or more sentences incorrectly written as one sentence.

• Notice the way run-on sentences may be corrected.

Lesson 6-6


Exercise 10 Identifying Simple and Compound Sentences

1. Nat and his family valued a good education.

2. His family had little money; he frequently worried about them.

3. The boy found a job and worked in a supply store for a while.

4. Nat read about sailing, or he studied mathematics.

5. Will Nat read about the stars, study navigation, and go to sea?

simple

Write whether each of the following sentences is simple or compound.

compound

simple

compound

simple

Lesson 6-7


Exercise 11 Identifying Compound, Complex, and Run-on Sentences

Write whether each of the following sentences is compound, complex, or run-on.

1. The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle describes an adventure that takes place at sea.

2. Charlotte was brought up as a proper young lady she attended boarding school in England.

3. She returned to America her voyage to her home would not be an easy one.

complex

run-on

run-on

Lesson 6-8


Exercise 11 Identifying Compound, Complex, and Run-on Sentences (cont.)

Write whether each of the following sentences is compound, complex, or run-on.

4. Crew members wanted revenge on Captain Jaggery, who had treated them cruelly.

5. Charlotte spoke to the captain; she told him about the planned mutiny.

complex

compound

Lesson 6 CloseLook at the sentences in Exercise 10 on page 308 of your textbook. Count the number of subjects and predicates in each sentence.

Close

End of Lesson 6


Grammar Review 1


Subjects, Predicates, and Sentences• In the passage from A Tree Grows in

Brooklyn on page 309 of your textbook, it is 1912, and eleven-year-old Francie Nolan plans to read every book in her local library.

• As you read the passage, notice that it has been annotated to show some of the sentence elements and sentence structures covered in this unit.

Grammar Review 2

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display possible answers.

Review: Exercise 1 Writing Sentences from Fragments

The following sentences and sentence fragments are based on the passage from A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Rewrite each fragment as a complete sentence.

1. She hoped to read a book a day. The first author.

2. Some of the books interested Francie more than others. Those by Louisa Alcott.

3. Francie read the books in alphabetical order. Was working her way through the B’s.

The first author was Abbott.

Those by Louisa Alcott were wonderful.

She was working her way through the B’s.

Grammar Review 3


Review: Exercise 1 Writing Sentences from Fragments(cont.)

The following sentences and sentence fragments are based on the passage from A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Rewrite each fragment as a complete sentence.

4. One day a week she allowed herself a treat. Were special.

5. Francie asked the librarian to recommend a book. Didn’t have to be in alphabetical order.

Saturdays were special.

Her Saturday book didn’t have to be in alphabetical order.

Grammar Review 4


Review: Exercise 2 Identifying Subjects and Predicates in Questions

Rewrite each question to form a statement. Then underline each complete subject once and each complete predicate twice.

1. Has Francie read the book before?

2. Do Francie and the librarian like the book?

3. Does the girl choose a book for Sunday?

Francie has read the book before.

Francie and the librarian like the book.

The girl chooses a book for Sunday.

Grammar Review 5


Review: Exercise 2 Identifying Subjects and Predicates in Questions (cont.)

Rewrite each question to form a statement. Then underline each complete subject once and each complete predicate twice.

4. Can Francie read the book quickly?

5. Have the girl’s parents encouraged her?

Francie can read the book quickly.

The girl’s parents have encouraged her.

Grammar Review 6


Review: Exercise 3 Identifying Kinds of Sentences

The following paragraph gives some information about the author Avi, who wrote The True Confessions of Charlotte Doyle. Write whether each sentence is declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative.

1Why do parents, teachers, and students all praise Avi’s novels? 2As Avi himself said, “Most of all I want them to enjoy a good read.” 3His notably readable, award-winning novels include mystery, adventure, historical, and comic novels. 4Imaginative, fast-paced plots capture the reader quickly. 5How exciting the books are! 6Readers would be misled, however, if that were all they expected. 7What are Avi’s other goals as a writer for young people?

1. interrogative

2. declarative3. declarative

4. declarative5. exclamatory

6. declarative7. interrogative

Grammar Review 7


Review: Exercise 4 Identifying the Subject of a Sentence

Underline the simple subject from each sentence.

1. Avi was born in Manhattan in 1937.

2. His great-grandparents were writers.

3. In school Avi had difficulty with writing.

4. A learning disability caused him to misspell many words.

5. His teachers thought he was sloppy and inattentive.

Grammar Review 8

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display sample answers.

Review: Exercise 5 Rewriting Sentence Fragments

1. Adventure books for young readers.

2. Faces great danger.

3. Life on the high seas.

4. Climbs the rigging.

5. Tells of strange lands.

Turn the following sentence fragments into complete sentences by adding a complete subject or a complete predicate.

Read adventure books for young readers.

Does he face great danger?

What an exciting life we’ll have on the high seas!

The crew climbs the rigging.

The Arabian Nights tells of strange lands.

Grammar Review 9


Review: Exercise 6 Identifying Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates

The following sentences tell about the author Louisa May Alcott. Underline the complete subject once and the complete predicate twice. Then circle the simple subject and the simple predicate.

1. Louisa May Alcott’s father ran schools unlike most others of the time.

2. Mr. Alcott used his liberal ideas in teaching his four daughters.

3. Louisa May Alcott wrote “rubbishy novels” under the name A. N. Barnard.

Grammar Review 10


Review: Exercise 6 Identifying Simple and Complete Subjects and Predicates (cont.)

The following sentences tell about the author Louisa May Alcott. Underline the complete subject once and the complete predicate twice. Then circle the simple subject and the simple predicate.

4. She published her famous novel Little Women in 1869.

5. Alcott based the story of the March girls on her own family.

Grammar Review 11


Review: Exercise 7 Identifying Compound Subjects and Predicates

1. Painters in Paris in the late-nineteenth century experimented with color and developed new techniques.

2. Rapid brushstrokes and dabs of color created the style of painting called Impressionism.

3. Light and color give Impressionist paintings their brilliance.

In each sentence, if the sentence has a compound subject, draw a line under each subject. If the sentence has a compound predicate, draw two lines under each predicate.

Grammar Review 12


Review: Exercise 7 Identifying Compound Subjects and Predicates (cont.)

4. Impressionist artists escaped from the studio and captured the life of the streets and open air.

5. Monet, Degas, Pissarro, and Renoir were all important Impressionist painters.

In each sentence, if the sentence has a compound subject, draw a line under each subject. If the sentence has a compound predicate, draw two lines under each predicate.

Grammar Review 13


Review: Exercise 8 Writing Compound and Complex Sentences

The following pairs of related simple sentences are about Francie and her family in A Tree Grows in Brooklyn. Combine each pair to form a compound or complex sentence.

1. Francie’s father works as a singing waiter. He can’t always find work.

2. Her mother cleans houses for a living. She also cooks the family’s meals.

Francie’s father works as a singing waiter, but he can’t always find work.

Her mother cleans houses for a living, and she also cooks the family’s meals.

Grammar Review 14


Review: Exercise 8 Writing Compound and Complex Sentences (cont.)


3. On Saturdays the family eats a big dinner. They even have dessert.

4. Francie’s parents don’t have very much money. They work very hard to provide for their children.

On Saturdays the family eats a big dinner, and they even have dessert.

Francie’s parents don’t have very much money, but they work very hard to provide for their children.

Grammar Review 15

Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display a possible answer.

Review: Exercise 8 Writing Compound and Complex Sentences (cont.)


5. The family must save every spare penny. They won’t have enough money for their daily food. The family must save every spare penny, or they won’t have enough money for their daily food.

Grammar Review 16


Review: Exercise 9 Correcting Run-on Sentences

Correct the following run-on sentences by rewriting them as separate sentences or combining them, using a semicolon or a comma and the word and, or, or but.

1. Beatrix Potter wrote in the early twentieth century, her books for young children are now considered classics.

2. She spent her summers in the country, she spent winters in London.

Beatrix Potter wrote in the early twentieth century. Her books for young children are now considered classics.

She spent her summers in the country, but she spent winters in London.

Grammar Review 17


Review: Exercise 9 Correcting Run-on Sentences (cont.)


3. Potter’s summer experiences sparked her imagination she found life in the country exciting and vital.Potter’s summer experiences sparked her imagination. She found life in the country exciting and vital.

Grammar Review 18




4. The Tale of Peter Rabbit was originally written as a letter to a child who was ill Potter added to the letter and sent it to a publisher.The Tale of Peter Rabbit was originally written as a letter to a child who was ill; Potter added to the letter and sent it to a publisher.

Grammar Review 19




5. The Beatrix Potter books are strong because of their common sense and humor they are exciting because of their action and adventure.The Beatrix Potter books are strong because of their common sense and humor. They are exciting because of their action and adventure.

Grammar Review 20


Review: Exercise 10

The following passage is about the artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir, whose work appears on page 315 of your textbook. Rewrite the passage, correcting errors in spelling, capitalization, grammar, and usage. Add any missing punctuation. There are ten errors.

1Best known for his cheerful scenes of everyday life, french artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841–1919) was an Impressionist painter 2The Impressionists tried to represent what they saw at one particular moment in time 3They preferred to paint outdoors there subjects could sit in natural light. 4Renoir frequently painted people outdoors, women and children were his favorite subjects. 5In The Reading, for example, two young girls reads a book in a pretty, sunlit setting. 6Like the passage from A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, the painting show a childs’ love of reading. 7Can you imagine yourself in this picture

Proofreading

Grammar Review 21The following passage is about the artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir, whose work appears on page 315 of your textbook. Rewrite the passage, correcting errors in spelling, capitalization, grammar, and usage. Add any missing punctuation. There are ten errors.

Review: Exercise 10 Proofreading (cont.)

1Best known for his cheerful scenes of everyday life, French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841–1919) was an Impressionist painter. 2The Impressionists tried to represent what they saw at one particular moment in time. 3They preferred to paint outdoors so that their subjects could sit in natural light. 4Renoir frequently painted people outdoors. Women and children were his favorite subjects. 5In The Reading, for example, two young girls read a book in a pretty, sunlit setting. 6Like the passage from A Tree Grows in Brooklyn, the painting shows a child’s love of reading. 7Can you imagine yourself in this picture?

Grammar Review 22


Review: Exercise 11 Mixed Review

Revise each example, following the directions in parentheses.

1. Monet spent the summer of 1869 at Bougival. Renoir spent that summer at Bougival also. (Write one simple sentence with a compound subject.)

2. Did Renoir and Monet develop the broken-color technique that became known as Impressionism? (Rewrite the sentence as a declarative sentence.)

Monet and Renoir spent the summer of 1869 at Bougival.

Renoir and Monet developed the broken-color technique that became known as Impressionism.

Grammar Review 23


Review: Exercise 11 Mixed Review (cont.)


3. Renoir traveled to Italy in 1880. He studied Renaissance painters there. (Write one simple sentence with a compound predicate.)

4. Concentrated on drawing for several years after this trip. (Make the fragment into a sentence.)

Renoir traveled to Italy in 1880 and studied Renaissance painters there.

Renoir concentrated on drawing for several years after this trip.

Grammar Review 24


Review: Exercise 11 Mixed Review (cont.)


5. He studied at Charles Gleyre’s studio. He was influenced by Edouard Manet. (Rewrite the pair as a compound sentence using and, but, or or.)

He studied at Charles Gleyre’s studio, but he was influenced by Edouard Manet.

lesson 3-2 click the mouse button or press the space bar to display the information. a sentence...

Documents

complete predicate

mouse button

simple subjects

space bar

complete subjects

understood subject

subject com

simple predicatesunderline