Understanding the World of Counseling

Lesson 1b

Three Approaches to Counseling

1.Expert Knowledge2.Common Knowledge3.Divine Knowledge

Common Knowledge:All men have adequate

knowledge and resources to handle their own

problems.

Common KnowledgeA. Non-Directive

Counseling -- Carl Rogers

Common Knowledge1. Carl Rogers believed

that there is no need for an expert at all.

Common Knowledge2. People with

unresolved problems were not living up to their own potential.

Common Knowledge3. Every person has the

potential to do right.

Common Knowledge4. No authoritative standard

from the outside should be imposed upon the counselee.

Common Knowledge5. The counselor is a listener, a

sounding board, and then one who reflects back to the counselee the ideas shared.

Common Knowledge6. Rogers maintained that the

study of animals and mental illness is not enough, that one must understand mental health.

Common Knowledge7. One's hopes, desires,

feelings, emotions, etc., must be studied to understand the person.

What is wrong with Rogerian

Approach?

Common KnowledgeB. O. Hobart Mower--

(noted research psychologist)

O. Hobart Mower1. Mowrer used words like

religion-- sin-- and guilt, but drained them of any real Biblical meaning.

O. Hobart Mower2. He saw man's problems as

stemming from bad behavior and that the bad behavior leads to feelings of guilt.

O. Hobart Mower3. He taught that guilt can be

removed by confession and restitution. (This was strictly on a horizontal level.)

O. Hobart Mower4. He taught also that guilt is the

result of violating one's conscience. One's conscience is usually violated by wronging another person.

O. Hobart Mower5. Mowrer offers only a

psychological lift-- a good feeling from owning up to one's own sins.

O. Hobart Mower6. In his methodology he

stressed group involvement, and that answers could be found within the group.

O. Hobart MowerWhat is wrong with O.

Hobart Mower’s approach?

NEWER PSYCHOTHERAPIES ON THE SCENE:

Reality Therapy-- William Glasser

1. He taught the core of Reality Therapy as found in the three R's - reality, responsibility, and right-and-wrong.

Reality Therapy-- William Glasser2. He stressed that the person must see

and deal with life as it really is--and that a distorted view of the actions of other people, of the events affecting the person's life, and one's actions can lead to emotional problems and hinder that person from behaving in appropriate ways.

Reality Therapy-- William Glasser3. He encouraged the

patient to develop behavior that is realistic in terms of both the present and the future.

Reality Therapy-- William Glasser4. In the area of responsibility

he stated, "It is not enough to help a person face reality; he must also learn to fulfill his needs in a responsible way."

Reality Therapy-- William Glasser5. He worked almost totally

with outward behavior and taught that responsible behavior shapes positive thoughts and emotions.

Reality Therapy-- William Glasser6. He taught that every person has

two basic needs--- "The need to love and to be loved and the need to feel that we are worthwhile to ourselves and to others.“ Hence-- significance and security, and self-worth or self-esteem.

Reality Therapy-- William Glasser7. His standards are all

worldly standards and the methodology is totally self-effort to bring about change.

How about Christian

Psychologists?